What is the difference between a financial leasing company and a financial leasing company?

Financial leasing companies are financial leasing companies approved and supervised by CBRC. It can be a subsidiary established by a banking institution or a company established by a non-banking institution. Must accept the strict supervision of the CBRC (such as 1 104 reporting system).

Ordinary financial leasing companies include domestic financial leasing companies and foreign financial leasing companies. Domestic capital must be approved by the Ministry of Commerce and the State Administration of Taxation, while foreign capital only needs the approval of the provincial commerce bureau (office), and the supervision is not strict.

Compared with other leasing companies, financial leasing companies have higher requirements for tenants, higher value of leased equipment, insufficient flexibility, abundant funds and more large projects.

"Financial lease" is a foreign word. It can be translated as "financial leasing" or "financial leasing". From the perspective of enterprise management, there is no difference between financial leasing and financial leasing. However, from the perspective of industrial division and supervision, there is a huge difference between financial leasing and financial leasing.

First, the industry division is different.

According to the industry classification, financial leasing companies belong to financial leasing in other financial activities in the financial industry (J Gate 7 120). Financial leasing companies haven't seen the clear industry ownership, only in leasing and business services (L-door 73 10 category) to see the equipment leasing in the leasing industry.

Second, industrial differences.

Financial leasing companies are non-bank financial institutions. Financial leasing companies are non-financial institutions. Although financial leasing companies always want to rely on finance, the State Council's Notice on Strengthening the Supervision of Shadow Banking requires that non-financial institutions such as financial leasing should strictly define their business scope. A financial leasing company shall carry out its business by relying on suitable leased property, and shall not lend bank loans and corresponding assets. "Strictly prevent leasing companies from engaging in shadow banking business.

Financial leasing companies are not suspected of shadow banking. Although most of the sources of financing leasing companies come from the short-term capital market in the same industry. Because it has been included in the credit scale management, it is not a shadow bank, but at best it belongs to the bank's financial business.

Third, the regulatory authorities are different.

Financial leasing companies are pre-approved and supervised by the CBRC, and the Measures for the Administration of Financial Leasing Companies have been promulgated. There are approval and supervision matters. Financial leasing companies are subject to pre-approval and supervision by the Ministry of Commerce. Due to legal authorization, the Measures for the Administration of Financial Leasing Companies cannot be issued at present, but the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Financial Leasing Companies can only be issued, which only includes supervision and has no examination and approval items.

Four. Deposit business

In addition to the banking department, financial leasing companies can absorb shareholder deposits. After normal operation, it can enter the interbank lending market. Foreign-funded enterprises in financial leasing companies can only borrow money from shareholders and cannot absorb shareholders' deposits. Nor can it enter the interbank lending market.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) is authorized by law.

The CBRC's approval and supervision of financial leasing companies is to perform administrative duties in accordance with the Banking Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China. At present, none of the legal documents passed by the National People's Congress allows the Ministry of Commerce to authorize pre-approval and supervision of financial leasing companies. The Company Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Foreign-funded Enterprises, the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Sino-foreign Joint Ventures and the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Sino-foreign Joint Ventures cited in the Measures for the Administration of Foreign-funded Leasing Industry have no legal provisions authorizing the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation or the current Ministry of Commerce to supervise and approve the financial leasing industry.

Six, the supervision and management methods are different.

The supervision department of a financial leasing company shall accept the supervision of the lender. The leasing company conducts business activities within the credit scale approved by the regulatory authorities. Changes in leased assets shall be reported daily. The regulatory authorities have reliable monitoring of the bank accounts of leasing companies.

The supervision department of a financial leasing company shall supervise the operation of the leasing company in a way that it is not allowed to engage in financial business. The leasing company is required to "not engage in financial business such as taking deposits, issuing loans and being entrusted to issue loans". Without the approval of the relevant departments, financial leasing enterprises shall not engage in interbank lending and other businesses. It is strictly forbidden for financial leasing enterprises to carry out illegal fund-raising activities in the name of financial leasing. "The regulatory authorities cannot timely and accurately grasp the actual asset status and capital flow of the leasing company. Leasing companies carry out business activities within the scope of credit granted by financial institutions.

7. The scope of the leased subject matter is different.

The leasing subject matter of a financial leasing company is limited to "fixed assets". There are also windows in the actual supervision to guide the adjustment of the business scope of fixed assets. The subject matter of a financial leasing company is limited to "the leased property with clear ownership and real existence, which can generate income rights". The flexibility of the subject matter is inconsistent with accounting standards and tax policies, and it is easy to generate potential risks in the industry.

Eight, different risk management indicators

Financial leasing >>

What are the main businesses of financial leasing companies?

With the approval of the People's Bank of China, financial leasing companies can operate the following local and foreign currency businesses: first, direct leasing, leaseback, sublease, entrusted leasing and other financial leasing businesses; Second, operating leasing business; 3. Accepting the lease funds entrusted by legal persons or institutions; Fourth, accept the lease deposit of the parties; Fifth, provide working capital loans to the lessee according to the lease; Sixth, securities investment and equity investment of financial institutions; Seventh, issue financial bonds with the approval of the People's Bank of China; Eighth, borrow money from financial institutions; Ninth, foreign exchange borrowing; Tenth, interbank lending business; Eleventh, the residual value of the sale and disposal of leased items; Twelfth, economic consultation and guarantee; Thirteenth, other businesses approved by the People's Bank of China.

What financial leasing companies are there in China at present?

As of 2065438+June 2006, there are 52 financial leasing companies, and the approval authority of financial leasing companies is in the banking regulatory bureau. In foreign countries, only financial leasing companies, only in China, can be divided into financial leasing companies and financial leasing companies. All financial leasing companies can raise funds by issuing financial bonds. Therefore, it is difficult to approve!

The list of foreign financial leasing companies (739) is about 20 10. The examination and approval authority of foreign-invested financial leasing companies is delegated by the Ministry of Commerce to the competent commercial departments of provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government. So at present, it is this kind of companies that increase the most, which makes people feel very strange. The threshold of registered capital is $20 million. Many companies are on this threshold, and many companies are fake foreign capital. Since 20 1 1, most of these newly established companies are for this license, and most of them have not carried out substantive business.

What are the main categories of leasing?

The main categories of leasing are operating leasing and financing leasing. Details are as follows:

1. Maintenance lease

Operating lease is a service business in which the leasing company provides equipment, maintenance and personnel training to the leased unit in a short period of time, also known as service lease. The main features of operating lease are:

(1) Leased equipment is generally selected by the leasing company according to market demand, and then the leasing company is sought.

(2) If the lease term is shorter than the effective use period of the assets, the leased enterprise may terminate the contract halfway within reasonable limits.

(3) The leasing company is responsible for repairing and maintaining the leased equipment.

(4) After the lease expires or the contract is terminated, the leased assets shall be recovered by the leasing company. Operating lease is more suitable for renting production equipment with outdated technology.

2. Financing lease

Financial leasing is a financing credit business in which the leasing company purchases equipment according to the lessee's requirements and provides it to the lessee for use in a long contract period. It is a lease with financing as its main purpose. The main features of financial leasing are:

(1) The leased equipment shall be purchased by the leasing enterprise or directly selected by the leasing enterprise from the manufacturer or seller.

(2) The lease period is long, which is close to the effective use period of the assets. During the lease period, both parties have no right to terminate the contract.

(3) The leasing enterprise is responsible for the repair and maintenance of the equipment.

(4) When the lease expires, the equipment shall be disposed of in a pre-agreed manner, including returning it to the leasing company, continuing to lease it, or retaining it for purchase by the enterprise. Usually, the enterprise's reserved purchase method is adopted, that is, the equipment is purchased at a small "nominal price" (equivalent to the residual value of the equipment).

What are the main financial leasing companies in China?

In terms of scale and market share, China's financial leasing companies can be divided into the following two categories: one is a Sino-foreign joint venture leasing company without a financial license, and the other is a general domestic financial leasing company; The other is a financial leasing company with a financial license as a non-bank financial institution.

By the end of 2009, there were 12 financial leasing companies and 147 non-financial institutions, including 37 domestic financial leasing companies and 165438 foreign and sino-foreign joint venture financial leasing companies.

(1) Development Status of Financial Leasing Companies

Since March 2007, the newly revised Administrative Measures for Financial Leasing Companies have been officially implemented, allowing qualified commercial banks to set up or participate in financial leasing companies. This is the second time that a commercial bank has entered the financial leasing industry 10 years later. At present, nine banks including Minsheng Bank, Bank of Communications, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank, China Merchants Bank, China Development Bank and Agricultural Bank have been approved to set up financial leasing companies.

It is expected that CBRC will approve more qualified banks to set up leasing companies. On the one hand, financial leasing business is a realistic choice for commercial banks to increase non-interest income and realize multi-field business and diversified income; On the one hand, after a large number of commercial banks set foot in the leasing industry, their financial strength and abundant liquidity are expected to ensure the source of leasing funds.

Table 6: All major banks are financial leasing companies.

Company Name Registered Capital (100 million yuan) Lease Business Scope Time of establishment of the contributing bank in the place of registration

ICBC Financial Leasing Company 20 Tianjin China Industrial and Commercial Bank 2007+05438+0 Ships, Aircraft and Large Equipment

Jianxin Finance Leasing Company 45 Beijing China Construction Bank

Bank of America 2007. 12 Electricity, Railways, Ships, Aviation, Construction and Transportation

Bank of Communications Financial Leasing Company 20 Shanghai Bank of Communications 2007 438+02 Electric Power, Petrochemical, Aviation and Shipping

Minsheng Financial Leasing Company 32 Tianjin Minsheng Bank April 2008 Aircraft, Ships, Metallurgy, Energy and Infrastructure

CMB Financial Leasing Company 20 Shanghai Merchants Bank 2008.4 Coal-fired power, large-scale equipment, environmental protection and public infrastructure

80 Shenzhen CDB BOC Financial Leasing Company 2008.5 Aircraft, Energy Halo and Telecommunication Equipment

In addition to the banking financial leasing companies, there are other financial leasing companies such as Huarong Financial Leasing Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Financial Leasing Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. and Kunlun Financial Leasing Co., Ltd.

By the end of 2009, the total balance of leased assets of these 12 financial leasing companies supervised by CBRC was150.73 billion yuan, with annual operating income of 7.779 billion yuan and total profit of 2.236 billion yuan, increasing by 65.438+020%, 80% and 66.5438+0% respectively compared with 2008.

Introduction of key enterprises:

1 ICBC Financial Leasing Co., Ltd.

ICBC Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. is a wholly-owned company established by Industrial and Commercial Bank of China with a registered capital of 5 billion yuan. The State Council is the first financial leasing company approved by a commercial bank and approved by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. It is also one of the largest corporate financial institutions in Binhai New Area after the national development strategy is determined. Relying on the strong strength of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the company provides various leasing products and financial services such as rent transfer and securitization, asset management and industrial investment consulting with an international vision, market-oriented mechanism and professional quality. Positioning itself as a large-scale professional aircraft, ship and equipment leasing company, adhering to the professional foundation and excellent corporate culture of ICBC in aircraft, ship and equipment leasing financing, it has established a complete corporate governance structure and internal management system.

2. BOC Financial Leasing Co., Ltd.

Bank of China Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. is a non-bank financial institution approved by China Banking Regulatory Commission and reorganized by China Development Bank after the original Shenzhen Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. With a registered capital of 8 billion yuan, it is the largest financial leasing company in China and the second largest financial enterprise legal person in Shenzhen. After nearly ten years of development and innovation, the company has accumulated rich experience in aviation leasing business, such as aircraft financing leasing, operating leasing, acquisition of aircraft assets by leasing, aviation materials, airport equipment leasing and so on. By the end of 10 in 2009, the company's total assets had reached 30.3 billion yuan, and the accumulated leasing business reached10 million people ... >>

What financial institution does the financial leasing company belong to?

Non-bank financial institutions

What does the financial leasing company mainly do?

Financial leasing, also called financial leasing, is a kind of financial business. Generally used to buy equipment. Three parties need to participate: equipment users, equipment sellers and financial lessors. The equipment user puts forward the equipment demand and purchase target, and the financial leasing party buys the equipment from the equipment seller and then gives it to the user for use. The equipment user agrees to return the equipment principal and agreed interest to the financial leasing party.

What are the differences between financial leasing companies and general leasing companies? Who are their top supervisors?

There are two types of leasing companies.

1. The background of the bank is called "financial leasing", including ICBC leasing, CCB leasing, Bank of China leasing, China Merchants leasing and Minsheng leasing. , its direct supervision institution is the leasing office of the China Banking Regulatory Commission.

2. The non-bank background is called "leasing", including Far East leasing, global leasing, Rongda leasing, Rongxing leasing and Mercedes-Benz car leasing. The direct supervision is the Ministry of Commerce, and it is uncertain whether it is a "division" or a "department". Personally, I think it should be the office below a certain division. After all, the business part includes American University Division, Australian Division and European Supply Division. It should be the rental office under the domestic branch.

What is the use of financial leasing companies?

Financial lease refers to a lease that essentially transfers all risks and rewards related to asset ownership. So whether all risks and rewards are transferred is the difference between financial leasing and operating leasing.

For example, the lessor should bear the risk of scrapping or damaging the leased equipment.

The risk of scrapping or damaging the financial leasing equipment shall be borne by the lessee.

The difference between financial leasing fixed assets and purchasing fixed assets lies in that the purchased fixed assets have their own ownership; The ownership of the fixed assets under the financial lease still belongs to the lessor, but at the expiration of the lease, the ownership may or may not be transferred to the lessee.

In accounting treatment, the recorded value of financial lease fixed assets should be the lower of the fair value of fixed assets on the lease start date and the present value of the minimum lease payment.

Fair value is also market value.

The present value of the minimum lease payment is to discount the rent and estimated residual value to be paid every year in the future. For example, the lease term is 3 years, the annual rent is 20,000 yuan, the residual value is 1000, and the discount rate is 6%. Note that the minimum lease payment is not 20000 * 3+1000 = 61000, but 20000 * 2.6730+65438+.

Among them, 2.6730 is the present value coefficient of ordinary annuity.

0.8396 is the present value coefficient of compound interest.

For details, please refer to the chapter "Time Value of Funds" in Financial Management.

Therefore, there is a difference of 6,700.4 between the present value of the minimum lease payment of 54,299.60 and the minimum lease payment of 6 1000, and this difference is recorded in the "unconfirmed financing expenses" account, with the accounting entries as follows

Borrow: fixed assets-finance lease into fixed assets 54299.60

Unconfirmed financing expense 6700.40

Loan: long-term payable 6 1000.00

In the future lease period, the unrecognized financing expenses will be amortized by the effective interest rate method, and the amortized amount will be regarded as "financial expenses". The accounting entries are as follows.

Debit: financial expenses

Loan: unconfirmed financing expenses.

Amount of unconfirmed financing expenses per expected amortization = balance of principal payable at the beginning * actual interest rate.

For example, the amount to be amortized in the first year = 54,299.6 * 6% = 3,257.98.

Amount to be amortized in the second year = (54299.6-20000+3257.98) * 6% = 2253.45.

Amount to be amortized in the third year = 6700.40-3257.98-2253.45 =1188.97.

The above is the general treatment method, but it is written like this. I guess you may still be confused. I suggest you have a look at the accounting books about this treatment. There are usually examples in books. Good luck.

As I have said, the biggest difference between financial leasing and general leasing is that its risks and rewards have shifted, while the risks and rewards of general leasing have not. Therefore, even if the ownership still belongs to the lessor, we lessees should take it as their own assets to extract depreciation. But for general operating leases, depreciation is extracted by the lessor, and we only have the right to use it.

The main difference between it and buying fixed assets is ownership. Of course, we have ownership of the purchased fixed assets, but we have no ownership of the financial leasing of fixed assets, only the risks and rewards related to fixed assets and the right to use them, and we pay the rent on schedule. Even if the lease expires, the ownership may or may not be transferred.

What is a financial leasing company?

Leasing business includes two categories, one is physical leasing company and the other is financial leasing company. The main difference between the two is that the former ultimately only transfers the right to use, while the latter ultimately transfers the ownership. Therefore, the financial leasing company is actually a financial institution. Unlike banks, banks lend money to enterprises, which use it to buy equipment, paying interest first and then repaying the principal. Financial leasing companies purchase equipment first, and then lease the equipment to enterprises. The enterprise pays the lease fee, for example, five years. The sum of the five-year lease fee is equal to the fund plus interest.

The advantage of this is that the ownership of the equipment belongs to the financial leasing company before the enterprise pays off all the lease expenses, and the enterprise goes bankrupt and takes priority over other creditors when paying off.