Since the reform and opening up, Gansu's economy has developed by leaps and bounds, especially after entering this century, the local economy driven by real estate has achieved rapid development for more than ten years. Real estate development is an industry based on land development. With the construction of small towns in rural areas, the transformation of urban shanty towns and the implementation of housing projects, the living conditions of the people have been improved, but at the same time the contradiction between people and land has also become prominent. In the case of increasingly tight land, it is imperative to transform some non-cultivated land. With the frequent occurrence of geological disasters, the harm it brings is becoming more and more serious. While developing economy, geological disaster control has become one of the contents of building a harmonious society.
1. Geological disasters are the restrictive factors of social and economic sustainable development.
Gansu Province is one of the provinces with the most serious geological disasters in China. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, there were 8940 sudden geological disasters in Gansu Province, resulting in 1692 deaths and 297 missing persons, with the largest number of casualties in 2008 and 20 10. It caused a direct economic loss of 3.567 billion yuan (excluding the loss of Zhouqu mudslide disaster).
During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, Gansu Province was affected by severe earthquakes and extreme weather, and geological disasters occurred frequently, resulting in serious casualties and property losses. The secondary geological disaster caused by the "512" Wenchuan earthquake caused 15 1 person to die, 473 people were injured and the direct economic loss was 2.876 billion yuan. The earthquake also caused great trauma to the geological environment in Gansu Province. The "516" Shixiakou landslide in the old state of Lanzhou City killed seven people and destroyed two family buildings. The "8.8" catastrophic mudslide disaster in Zhouqu caused 1.435 people to die and 330 people were missing. The mudslide disaster also caused serious damage to the infrastructure of Zhouqu County. The "8 12" catastrophic flood caused 37 deaths in Longnan, and 17 people were missing, among which Chengxian was the most serious. The "March 2" landslide disaster in dongxiang county caused 730 people to be forced to move, and some parts of the county were in the landslide danger zone. Especially affected by the "5. 12" Wenchuan earthquake, 38 counties (districts) under the jurisdiction of six cities (states) in the middle, east and south of Longnan, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Tianshui, Qingyang, Pingliang and Dingxi provinces have frequent geological disasters, and the earthquake has caused collapses, landslides, ground fissures and ground subsidence in these areas.
As of 20 10, all kinds of geological hazards have been identified in the whole province 10629. The main types of geological disasters are collapse, landslide, debris flow, land subsidence and ground fissures, including 6699 collapses and landslides, 3580 debris flow gullies, land subsidence 193 and ground fissures 157. The population threatened by geological disasters is 6.5438+0.9082 million, and the threatened property is 30.4438+0 billion yuan.
Two, geological disaster management is an important part of social and economic sustainable development.
During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, Gansu Province suffered from "5. 12" Wenchuan earthquake and "8.8" Zhouqu catastrophic mountain torrents and mudslides. Under the correct leadership of the provincial party committee, the provincial government and the Ministry of Land and Resources, Gansu Provincial Department of Land and Resources has implemented a series of effective disaster prevention and mitigation projects, such as geological disaster monitoring and early warning, geological disaster investigation and geological disaster control projects, which have made certain contributions to post-disaster reconstruction.
(1) Significant progress has been made in the investigation and evaluation of geological disasters.
By the end of 20 10, Gansu Province had completely completed the geological hazard investigation and zoning of 87 counties (cities) 1: 1 10,000, and completed the detailed investigation of geological hazards in 22 counties (districts)150,000 under the jurisdiction of Lanzhou City, Longnan City and Tianshui City, and basically found out the development of geological hazards in these areas.
(two) the initial establishment of geological disaster monitoring network.
Based on the investigation and detailed investigation of geological disasters in the whole province, 87 counties (districts) in the province have established a monitoring and prevention network of geological disasters, with more than 654.38+00000 monitoring points. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, remarkable achievements have been made in the monitoring and prevention of geological disasters, 57 geological disasters have been successfully predicted, 326,000 people have been transferred, and economic losses of 320 million yuan have been avoided. The construction of "Ten Counties" in Gansu Province has been strengthened, and 29 counties (districts) such as Chengguan District of Lanzhou City have entered the list of "Ten Counties" of the Ministry of Land and Resources, and a number of outstanding prevention and treatment personnel have been commended by the Ministry of Land and Resources. In order to comprehensively improve the ability of prevention and control of geological disasters at the grass-roots level, further strengthen the work of group monitoring and prevention, and effectively ensure the safety of people's lives and property, according to the relevant spirit of the Ministry of Land and Resources and the actual situation of prevention and control of geological disasters in Gansu Province, Gansu Province has implemented the "five in place" publicity and training activities for prevention and control of geological disasters in township (town) land and resources institutes, and achieved remarkable results. The construction of professional monitoring network in geological disaster-prone areas such as Lanzhou City and Longnan City has been initially carried out. Meteorological early warning and forecasting of geological disasters is in full swing. The Provincial Department of Land and Resources cooperated with the Provincial Meteorological Bureau to carry out meteorological early warning and forecasting of provincial geological disasters, and achieved remarkable results. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, meteorological early warning of geological disasters 140 times was successfully issued, including 98 times of Grade III and 42 times of Grade IV.
(3) The geological disaster prevention and control project has been strengthened.
During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, Gansu Province increased the investment in large-scale and large-scale geological disaster prevention projects, and many geological disasters with serious dangers and high risks were treated in time. The central and provincial governments have applied for more than 5 10 geological disaster prevention projects (including emergency treatment), and invested billions of yuan in treatment funds, effectively reducing the harm of geological disasters to people's lives and property safety in dangerous areas. At the same time, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the prevention and control system of geological disasters in Gansu Province was strengthened, and the annual funds for prevention and control of geological disasters in Lanzhou and other regions were gradually formed.
(4) Significant achievements have been made in the post-disaster recovery and management of major geological disasters.
1. Remarkable achievements have been made in post-earthquake reconstruction.
After the "512" Wenchuan earthquake, the Provincial Department of Land and Resources organized the compilation of the Special Plan for the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters in Longnan City, Gansu Province after the Wenchuan Earthquake, which was approved by the State Council. The reconstruction project has achieved remarkable results. There are 3 14 geological disaster prevention projects in post-disaster reconstruction in Longnan city, including 265 engineering control projects with a total investment of 654.38+0.97 billion yuan and 49 basic projects (including basic investigation, emergency capacity building, meteorological early warning and forecasting system construction, etc.). ) The total investment is 209 million yuan. By the end of 20 10, of the 265 projects, 165 were completed and 100 were under construction. 29 basic projects have been completed and 20 are under construction. The implementation of this work has effectively curbed the frequent occurrence of geological disasters in Longnan, Gansu Province, and reduced the casualties and economic losses caused by geological disasters in Gansu Province.
2. The post-disaster reconstruction in Zhouqu is progressing smoothly.
After the "8 8" Zhouqu catastrophic mountain torrents and mudslides occurred, the Prevention and Control Plan for Geological Disasters in Zhouqu Post-disaster Recovery and Reconstruction compiled by the Provincial Department of Land and Resources was approved by the State Council, and 26 governance projects were planned, with a total investment of 850 million yuan. The plan is being implemented and will be completed in 20 12.
3. The prevention and control of major geological disasters in Lanzhou has begun.
The frequency, suddenness and severity of urban geological disasters in Lanzhou have attracted great attention of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. In view of the frequent occurrence and serious harm of geological disasters, the Lanzhou Municipal People's Government approved and issued the Lanzhou Geological Disaster Prevention and Control Plan (2007-2020) in 2007, and organized and compiled the Special Plan for the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters in Major Cities in Lanzhou and the Feasibility Study Report for the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters in Major Cities in Lanzhou, which laid a foundation for scientific planning and effective prevention and control of geological disasters.
4. The prevention and control of post-disaster geological disasters in dongxiang county started.
After the catastrophic geological disasters occurred in dongxiang county, the Provincial Department of Land and Resources organized the compilation of the Feasibility Study Report on Comprehensive Management of Extraordinary Geological Disasters in dongxiang county and the Prevention and Control Plan of Extraordinary Geological Disasters in dongxiang county. The prevention and control of geological disasters has been initially started and is scheduled to be completed on 20 1 1.
5. The emergency treatment project of Erfangtai landslide in Yongjing County is progressing smoothly.
The emergency treatment project of Erfangtai landslide in Yongjing County organized and implemented by Gansu Provincial Department of Land and Resources is progressing smoothly. After the implementation of the project, it will effectively protect the lives and property of 2 12 villagers and 1000 people in dangerous areas.
(five) the initial establishment of geological disaster emergency system.
Gansu Province has established a provincial geological disaster emergency center, which is mainly responsible for the construction and management of provincial geological disaster emergency expert database, on-site emergency investigation and disposal of sudden geological disasters, meteorological early warning of geological disasters, construction, operation management and maintenance of geological disaster emergency information platform. The establishment of the provincial geological disaster emergency center has effectively promoted the pace of geological disaster emergency system and emergency capacity building in Gansu Province. Provinces, cities (states) and counties (districts) have formulated emergency plans for sudden geological disasters.
(six) the construction of professional and technical teams for the prevention and control of geological disasters has been strengthened.
During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, Gansu Province has strengthened the construction of professional and technical teams for geological disasters, which has become a powerful technical support for the prevention and control of geological disasters, mainly distributed in geological prospecting units such as geology, minerals, nonferrous metals and coal, as well as institutions such as the Provincial Academy of Sciences and Lanzhou University. With the strengthening of geological disaster prevention and control, professional and technical personnel have been well trained.
Three, disaster prevention and mitigation is the guarantee of social and economic sustainable development.
All material movements have both positive and negative effects on human beings, with both advantages and disadvantages. If we realize the duality of things, in the process of the development of the earth, biology, environment, human beings, society and economy, while creating favorable conditions for human survival and development, on the other hand, it will inevitably bring disasters. Only by alleviating disasters and improving the environment for the benefit of mankind can we ensure the sustainable development of social economy.
(1) It is necessary to raise the awareness of disaster reduction in the whole society and promote the socialization of disaster reduction: disaster reduction is a coordinated action of the whole society. In order to obtain the comprehensive benefits of disaster reduction, it is necessary to raise the awareness of disaster reduction in the whole society and promote the socialization of disaster reduction work. It is necessary to formulate national, departmental and local disaster reduction plans and mobilize the whole society to participate.
(2) Implement disaster reduction system engineering and carry out comprehensive disaster reduction: disaster reduction is a systematic engineering, including monitoring, forecasting, evaluation, disaster prevention, disaster relief, resettlement and restoration, publicity and legislation, insurance and fund, planning and guidance, etc. The formulation of disaster reduction system engineering should be coordinated with social and economic development planning, highlight the two major disaster reduction priorities of agriculture and cities, give full play to the leading role of science and technology and the joint role of various social disaster reduction forces, and carry out comprehensive disaster reduction.
(3) Carry out the work of disaster reduction demonstration areas: In order to study the methods and techniques of disaster reduction, sum up the experience of disaster reduction and promote the development of disaster reduction work in the whole country, we should choose key areas with frequent disasters and socio-economic development as disaster reduction demonstration areas, explore systematic disaster reduction experience while ensuring the economic development of these areas, and then promote it to the whole country.
(4) Comprehensive management of geological disasters and protection of geological environment: implement the geological environmental impact assessment system of construction projects, and adhere to the policy of "paying equal attention to development and utilization and environmental protection" and "whoever develops, protects, destroys and compensates". Increase investment in the prevention and control of geological disasters, combine the management of major geological disasters with the development and improvement of land and resources, and make overall planning and comprehensive management.
(5) Carry out in-depth disaster science research and improve the ability and level of social disaster reduction: disaster reduction is a systematic project, each of which needs the support of high technology and the guidance of high-level disaster science theory. Only by improving the level of disaster research can we improve the ability of social disaster reduction.