In the middle and late period of the Great Patriotic War, with the emergence of advanced corps organizations such as artillery, tank soldiers, air defense soldiers and air force soldiers, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union increased the ranks of air marshal, artillery marshal and armored tank marshal in 1943 16. On February 27th of the same year, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union issued an order announcing the establishment of a new identification symbol-"Marshal Star", which was worn by artillery, armored tank soldiers and air marshal. According to the order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 1943 10/9, the ranks of marshal of signal corps, marshal of engineering corps and commander-in-chief (commander of air force, artillery corps, commander of armored tank, commander of engineering corps and commander-in-chief of signal corps) were set. On March 20th of the following year, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union issued an order announcing the establishment of a "Marshal Star" to be worn by marshals of engineering and signal corps. However, when conferring the rank of Commander-in-Chief on air marshals and marshals of various services and arms (professional soldiers), only the certificate of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet will be awarded (the commander-in-chief wears the same "Marshal Star" as the air marshals, marshals of various services and arms and marshals of professional soldiers).
Admiral of the fleet's rank was set when the rank system was implemented on May 7, 1940. It was the highest rank of the Soviet navy at that time, and none of the senior generals of the Soviet navy at that time had obtained this rank. It was not until 1944 May 3 1 that Kuznetsov, then a member of the Soviet Navy People's Committee and commander-in-chief of the navy, was promoted to Admiral of the fleet. However, at that time, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union did not stipulate what kind of "Marshal Star" Admiral of the fleet wore, so he did not wear "Marshal Star". 1955 On March 3, according to the order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the title of Admiral of the fleet was cancelled (renamed the title of commander of the Soviet fleet), and it was not restored until April 28, 1965. On June 5th of the same year, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union issued an order announcing the establishment of "Marshal Star" for Admiral of the fleet to wear.
The rank of general is also scheduled for May 7 1940. Although it was the same as Admiral of the fleet, marshal of the Air Force and marshal of various services and arms (special forces), the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union did not stipulate what kind of "marshal star" the general wore at that time. It was not until 1 974165438+10/that the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union issued an order, stipulating that the four stars on the general's epaulettes should be changed into big stars, and the same "marshal stars" as the marshals of arms and services should be awarded.
The "Marshal Star" of marshals and generals of various services and arms is basically the same as the "Marshal Star" of the Soviet Union (Navy) in overall design, but the size is slightly different: the circumscribed circle of the golden star is 42 mm in diameter, and there is no diamond at the junction of the two corners; The circumscribed circle of Platinum Star is 2 1mm, the center is inlaid with a diamond weighing 2.04ct, and the surfaces of five corners are inlaid with 25 small diamonds, with a total weight of 0.9 1ct. There are 370 marshals and "Marshal Star" generals of such services and arms.
The marshals of the Soviet armed forces who were lucky enough to wear the first batch of "Marshal Stars" included artillery marshal Nikolai nikolayevich voronov, air marshal Alexander Alexandrovich Novikov, armored tank marshal Yakov nikolayevich F. Dolenko and Pavel alexeyevich BartMistrov, signal marshal Ivan Terentjevich Peleshepkin and engineer marshal Mikhail petrovich Vorobev. Later, voronov was promoted to artillery coach; Novikov was promoted to air force coach; Bart Mistrov was promoted to head coach of armored tanks.
It was sergey georgiyevich Gorshkov, the Soviet Deputy Defense Minister and Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, who was fortunate enough to wear the first batch of Admiral of the fleet's "Marshal Star". Later, on June 28, 1967, he was promoted to commander of the Soviet fleet and was put on the "Marshal Star" of the commander of the Soviet fleet. Gorshkov became the only person in Soviet history who wore Marshal Admiral of the fleet and Marshal Admiral of the fleet at the same time.
After the victory of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, according to the order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union1June 26, 945, the Soviet Union established the rank of "Marshal of the Soviet Union" as the highest rank in the Soviet Union, and on June 27 of the same year awarded this rank to Joseph Vissarion Norwich Stalin, Chairman of the Soviet National Defense People's Committee and Supreme Commander of the Soviet Armed Forces (1March 6, 943, Stalin was awarded because
The badge of "Marshal Star" has a red ribbon with a width of 35 mm and is worn around the neck. The ribbon passes through the semi-elliptical ring and is connected with the triangular lug on the upper corner of the Venus badge. According to the regulations, "Marshal Star" is directly worn under the neckline or bow tie of marshal or general's dress. The main difference between the "Marshal Star" signs worn by marshals and generals at all levels in the Soviet Union lies in the color of ribbons: the color of ribbons of marshals, Admiral of the fleet and generals in the Soviet Union is red; Air force commanders and marshals are sky blue; Artillery commanders and marshals are golden yellow; The commander-in-chief and marshal of armored tank soldiers are crimson; The commander-in-chief and marshal of the engineering corps are purple; The commander-in-chief and marshal of the signal corps are blue; Admiral of the fleet is bright green.
According to the regulations, the grantee of Marshal Star must return Marshal Star to the Kremlin National Diamond Foundation for preservation after his death (just like the Medal of Victory).
In the former Soviet Union, more than 170 people wore "Marshal Star", including 38 Soviet marshals (including Stalin), 3 Soviet Admiral of the fleet, 7 air force commanders, 4 artillery commanders, 2 armored tank commanders, 24 air force commanders, 6 Admiral of the fleet, 6 engineers and 6 armored tank commanders, 9 artillery commanders, 4 signal commanders and more than 60 generals.
These marshals and generals did not wear the "Marshal Star" at that time when they were awarded the rank of marshal and general by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. For example, Kuznetsov was awarded the rank of Admiral of the fleet by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union on March 3, 1955, but he did not wear the "Marshal Star" until April 27 of the same year; Victor mikhailovich Chebrikov (1923- 1999), Chairman of the National Security Committee of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, was awarded the rank of general in 1983+065438+ 10, and didn't wear "Marshal" until1June 1984.
199 1 12.25, Moscow time 19.38, the Soviet flag with sickle and axe slowly descended from the Kremlin bell tower, and the Russian white, blue and red tricolor flag quietly rose. The Soviet Union, a 69-year-old superpower, officially disintegrated. On the same day, the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic was officially renamed the Russian Federation (Russia for short). As the main successor of the Soviet Union, the "Marshal Star" regulation was also adopted by Russia.
1on may 7, 1992, Russian president boris nikolayevich yeltsin (193 1) issued an order to form the armed forces of the Russian Federation. In the same year165438+1October 27th, that is, shortly after the establishment of the Russian army, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation passed the Military Service Law of the Russian Federation. The new military service law increases the rank of marshal of the Russian Federation, cancels the rank of marshal of various arms and services, and decides not to establish the Russian Federation Admiral of the fleet with the same status as the Russian Federation marshal, but only to retain the only rank of marshal of the Russian Federation. However, at present, Russia has not abolished the rank of General Admiral of the fleet.