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In the early 1980s, 89 academicians (faculty members) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences wrote to the Party Central Committee and the State Council, proposing to learn from successful international experience and establish a national natural science fund, which was approved by the Party Central Committee and the State Council. . Subsequently, with the cordial care of Comrade Xiaoping, the State Council officially approved the establishment of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) on February 14, 1986.

Since its establishment, under the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and with the support of relevant departments of the State Council and the majority of scientific and technological workers, the Natural Science Foundation of China has adhered to supporting basic research as its main line and deepening reform as its main line. Motivation, established the review principles of relying on experts, promoting democracy, merit-based support, and fairness and reasonableness, established an operating mechanism of scientific democracy, equal competition, and encouraged innovation, improved the management system of mutual coordination of decision-making, execution, supervision, and consultation, and formed a With the "Regulations of the National Natural Science Foundation of China" as the core and a system of rules and regulations including organizational management, program management, fund management, and supervision and guarantee, a funding pattern has been formed consisting of four series: exploration, talent, tools, and integration. The National Natural Science Foundation of China focuses on basics, frontiers, and talents, as well as innovation teams and interdisciplinary research. It has made important contributions to comprehensively cultivating my country's source innovation capabilities and has become my country's main channel for supporting basic research. In 2018, according to the "Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions", the Natural Science Foundation of China was changed from an institution directly under the State Council to be managed by the Ministry of Science and Technology. It manages the National Natural Science Foundation in accordance with the law and operates relatively independently. It is responsible for funding plans, project setting and review, Organizing and implementing work such as project establishment and supervision.

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