the "worst" royal family in China: why did the Qian family last for thousands of years? ~ Today's interesting historical series brings you a new interpretation ~

It originated in the Song Dynasty, and the first sentence was "Gan Li", just like the four big families at that time.

as we all know, the song dynasty was the Zhao family. It is not difficult to understand that Zhao ranks first among hundreds of surnames, but why can money rank second?

this should start with the flow of money from Qian zu.

Liu is regarded as the ancestor of money.

Qian Liu was born in the late Tang dynasty. In the separatist era, he won the trust of the central government by military exploits. He supports Zhejiang and Zhejiang Province, but he disapproves and is arrogant. It is to warn future generations "never be an emperor."

In 92 AD, Qian was made King of Yue by the Central Committee of the Tang Dynasty.

five years later, Zhu Wen usurped the throne, renamed Liang, and established Qianliu as Yue.

At this time, his ministry has suggested Qian _ to refuse the title and send troops to attack Zhu Wen.

Qian _ refused to send troops, and made an arrow oath in front of the Ministry to ensure that generations would obey the Central Plains, not split, and protect the people from fighting.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Qian _ and his successors did not participate in various wars of territorial expansion. Instead, it took "protecting soil and promoting agriculture" as the basic national policy, and paid attention to local governance and economic development, which created a miracle in the most turbulent historical stage of China.

In the Central Plains, the people were in dire straits, but Wu Yueguo ushered in the best period of peaceful development. People in the south of the Yangtze River live and work in peace and contentment, and have never been affected by the war.

At that time, Wu Yueguo owned two-thirds of the world's wealth. Taking this as a starting point, the Yangtze River Delta has become the richest region in China in the past 1 years, with far-reaching influence.

In 932 AD, Qian _ warned his son Qian on his deathbed that his descendants should preserve wuyue and faithfully serve the Central Plains Dynasty. Even if the regime changes, they should not be rude.

moreover, Qian Liu once said, "the people are the foundation of the country. People are expensive, society is second, and being free from war is a lover. " He repeatedly taught his descendants to do what they can and keep pace with the times. If it is Allah, you should join us as soon as possible.

In this way, Wu Yueguo experienced three generations and five kings. When Qian Hong, the grandson of Qian _, was in power, the trend that Da Song dominated the world was very obvious. Qian Hong sized up the situation, followed the teachings of his ancestors, looked around the world and decided to return the land to the Song Dynasty.

Jiangnan has prospered for thousands of years, which is the foundation laid by three generations of Liu Qian.

In 978 AD, Qian Hong _ was tied into Beijing with his hands and handed over all the land and people under his jurisdiction to Da Song. The Great Song Dynasty brought Wu Yueguo into the territory without a single soldier, and achieved reunification.

In this respect, Su Shi once praised Qian's achievements in governing Wu Yueguo, saying that "food is the first thing for the people, and they don't know the revolution of the army. They play drums at four o'clock and listen to songs and drums, which have not been abolished so far, and their virtue is very thick for the people. "

voluntarily accepting this land and returning it to the Song Dynasty won considerable "political treatment" for the Qian family in the Song Dynasty. Money ranks second among hundreds of surnames, which is the concrete embodiment of this treatment.

What's more, as the wheel of history rolls forward, how many royal nobles in China are mired in the mud and crushed into dust. However, the Qian family with Qian Liu as its ancestor can flourish for thousands of years. Especially after modern times, a large number of super-class talents have sprung up and become one of the most dazzling families in China.

what is the reason?

the archway in Hangzhou, Wang Qian.

Xiong Yuezhi, a historian, has a point. He said:

The traditional dynasty change in China often directly overturns the original dynasty by revolutionary means and in a subversive and discontinuous way. Therefore, members of the royal family often become the targets of eradication, and the resources accumulated by their families are often interrupted and unsustainable. For example, after the Qing Dynasty overthrew the Ming Dynasty, the Qian family represented by the Zhu family was a rare exception. One of the reasons is that the way of returning the land to the Song Dynasty was adopted when the dynasty was changed, and peace was exchanged through reunification. In return, the Zhao and Song regimes took measures to protect the continuation of the Qian family.

This kept the Qian family alive at the most dangerous moment.

Another reason is that when King Wu Yue was king, Qian appointed his 33 sons to rule the whole of wuyue. Their descendants became the most powerful family in the local area, and then dispersed to various places and developed into a powerful family force.

the money families are mainly concentrated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. This area is the most developed and prosperous place in China after the Tang Dynasty, and it is also one of the earliest places where China contacted and absorbed western culture after modern times.

there is no doubt that this geographical environment is tantamount to looking for a needle in a haystack for the Qian family.

Jiangnan is a treasure land, and thousands of families help each other.

According to statistics, over 32 people in Qianjia * * * were admitted to Jinshi in the whole Song Dynasty. Although these Qian elites have never played an active role in politics, they have made great achievements in academic, cultural, medical and other fields, including many famous artists such as Qian Zao and Qian.

since the song dynasty, the Qian family, as the first Tujia book in five dynasties and ten countries, has successfully transformed from a political family to a cultural family.

after the middle and late northern song dynasty, people worshipped the Qian family, not because of its original righteous act of "returning farmland to the song dynasty", but because of its talented people, which made it a prominent cultural family.

people in the song dynasty spoke highly of the Qian family. He said, "These rich cultural relics have lasted for 3 years and have never been seen by the previous generation."

Qian's descendants are not proud of their previous aristocratic status, but pay more attention to the inheritance of family Chinese talents. The core of this culture, like blood, has been passed down, accumulated, circulated and praised by future generations.

In modern times, the Qian family ushered in the era of talent explosion. This Millennium family has entered an unprecedented talent harvest period.

especially in the fields of science and technology, literature and history. The money family is full of talents. Throughout the country, almost no one can match it.

Qian Xuesen, the father of China's space flight and China's missile, came from his home in Hangzhou. Qian Weichang, the father of modern mechanics in China, and Qian Sanqiang, the father of atomic bomb in China, both came from Qian Xuesen's hometown in Huzhou.

Qian Yongjian, winner of the p>28 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, is Qian Xuesen's cousin. Because there are a group of engineers at home, Qian Yongjian calls himself a "molecular engineer". Regarding his career, he said: "I am destined to inherit the family lineage. It seems that I was born to do this kind of work and take this road. "

In addition, the Qian family has produced many academicians of the two academies, which is considered to be the family with the largest number of academicians.

In the field of literature and history, the modern Qian family has produced masters such as Qian, Qian Mu, Qian Zhongshu, Qian Zhongshu and Qian Zhongshu.

Qian Shu is an all-rounder and is known as a "living encyclopedia".

As the saying goes, one Nobel Prize, two diplomats, three scientists, four masters of Chinese studies, five vice-chairmen of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and eighteen academicians of the Institute.

It is understood that the Qian family has more than 1 famous academicians of China Academy of Sciences at home and abroad, distributed in more than 5 countries and regions.

In this regard, Qian Zhiren, a descendant of Qian Xuesen, once said that this data could not be verified, but he said that there were indeed 1 academicians in Wuxi Qianjia: Qian Mu, an academician of Taiwan Province Academia Sinica, Qian Weichang, Qian Qian, Qian Lingxi, Qian Yitai, Jiangyin Wallet Gong, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, and Qian Qian Qian

What is even more amazing is that Qianjia has come out of many "father and son" elites.

The natural inheritance and high density of small family talents prove to some extent that the prosperity of the Qian family has deeper reasons besides the factors of the times and regions.

Qianwang Memorial Hall in Hangzhou.

In fact, the answer lies in the ancestors and spiritual idols of the Qian family, which have already been written.

During Liu's reign, he formulated eight commandments.

"Children and grandchildren are unfilial, unfair and harmful to family style. They must play drums. "

for thousands of years, Qian's family instructions have always been the principle of Qian's descendants. In 2, there was a hidden code of Qian's culture handed down for thousands of years, and talents came forth in large numbers.

Family precepts shape family style, and good family style is the main reason for the prosperity of the Qian family.

today, let's talk about family style. We understand the importance of a good family style to children's success. However, many people may ignore the relationship between words and deeds: promote a talking person as a family spokesperson, read how noble our family is before the manuscript, and try to use some good words and big words to give some hope. This is our family style.

is that right?

absolutely not. Qian Jiaxun was gradually refined and perfected according to the behavior of the ancestors of this family, and then served as the guidance of the whole family's code of conduct, which in turn influenced and reshaped the history of this family.

in other words, the family precepts of money are the facts made by people, not their hopes.

once family training is implemented, it is called family style. Family style can only be called "family seal" if it is written on paper and stops on the lips. Family seal is just dust.

Qian's family instructions are only over 6 words, which are divided into four parts: individual, family, society and country.

Let's take a look at how Qian Jiaxun shaped the family history of this first-class family.

"don't just pursue the interests of one dress. Those who gain the benefits of this world will pursue their benefits. "

This sentence comes from the national seal in Qian's Family Instructions. Obviously, this is to educate family members to be useful to the country and society, not for personal interests.

at first, Qian Liu did not participate in the struggle for power and interests in troubled times, nor did she participate in the struggle for territorial expansion. As a dominant political party, he suppressed his and his successors' desire to become emperors. In fact, this is a concrete way to pursue only the interests of the world and not personal interests. I came to Qian Hong _ to take the initiative to accept the return of the land to the Song Dynasty for the same reason: compared with the safety of people all over the world, this is self-evident.

Up to now, Jiangnan people are grateful for Qian Wang's kindness, which makes sense.

In modern times, we can still see that the Qian family has carried out this family motto well. The patriotic action of "Science and Technology San Qian" and the choice of critical moment are the best footnotes.

Qian Sanqiang, who got married in p>1946, and his wife He studied atomic fission together. Their published papers caused a great sensation in the international scientific community, and many media called them "China Curies".

However, when it was decided that Mr. and Mrs. Qian Sanqiang would stay in Europe to do research and compete for the Nobel Prize, they decided to go back to China resolutely.

Later, Qian Sanqiang explained their motivation to go home, which was very touching. He said:

When we return to China, which is poor and backward and war-torn, I'm afraid it will be difficult to make a difference in scientific experiments. However, we know more clearly that although science has no national boundaries, scientists have their motherland. Because the motherland is poor and backward, it is even more necessary for scientists to try to change her face. At that time, we left our hometown and traveled across the ocean to study in Europe. The purpose is to learn today's science and technology, so that we can go back and serve our motherland. How can we change our original intention? We should go back to our motherland and work together with other scientists to make the new nuclear science take root, blossom and bear fruit in our motherland.

In June p>1948, Mr. and Mrs. Qian Sanqiang returned to the motherland after an 11-year absence, and their children were still in infancy.

a few years later, Qian Xuesen repeated the same choice. When he decided to return to China, was under house arrest and was threatened by the United States, he always expressed his feelings with "I am from China, and of course I am loyal to the people of China". After difficulties and obstacles, he returned to the poor motherland without hesitation.

Qian Yonggang, the son of Qian Xuesen, once said that his father never told him to "love his country and serve the society when he grows up", but he told himself with practical actions that he should love his motherland, serve the society and serve the people. He not only devoted himself to scientific research

American Qian Xuesen said that he was worth five divisions.

"Although children and grandchildren are stupid, poetry books must be read."

This family motto embodies Qian's tradition of attaching importance to education and is an important guarantee for Qian's success.

When asked, "Why are there so many celebrities in the Qian family?" Qian Weichang once replied half jokingly, "Everyone in our money family likes reading. Reading is easy to be an official, and being an official is easy to be famous. "

Actually, it is true that you love reading, but it is false to be an official. The most talented field of the Qian family is the master of literature, history and technology, not the big official. Because of family education of money, family education plays an irreplaceable role in everyone's success.

Qian Jibo, a master of China studies, once told himself that he had been studying with his eldest brother Qian Jicheng since he was five years old. At the age of 9, he learned some classics, such as Family Instructions, Four Books, I Ching, Shangshu, Shi Mao, Zhou Li, Book of Rites, Chunqiu Zuoshi Biography and so on. When he was 1 years old, he studied strategies with his uncle and became familiar with Gu Wenyi and Historical Records. When I was 13 years old, I read Sima Guang's Eight Books of Tang and Song Dynasties and Bi Yuan's As a Mirror, and I was circled seven times.

How many people can match such solid tutoring and basic skills now?

Qian Jibo's son Qian Zhongshu received the same education in his childhood. Therefore, Qian's elders once opposed sending their children to school, saying that their family education level far exceeded the standards of regular schools.

all rich children study hard.

Jiang Yang mentioned in "Continued as a Mirror" that at one time, their lives were very poor, and there were no books at home. Zhong Shu doesn't know where to find Xinhua dictionary to read. I think Jiang Yang just flipped through it. I didn't expect Qian Zhongshu to study for more than half a year.

Jiang Yang also mentioned a detail in The Three of Us. The old couple came to the edge of a shack. Jiang Yang asked Qian Zhongshu if he could give us such a shack. Zhong Shu thought about it and said there were no books.

Qian Weichang's father died early, and many neighbors suggested that Qian Weichang's mother let her son do manual labor early to earn money to support his family. But she said very firmly, "No matter how tired I am, I must let my children learn, because our family style and ancient teachings are so necessary." I must leave some seeds for our family to read. "

When talking about his hope for the family's future, Zeng Guofan said, "I don't want to be richer from generation to generation, I want to be more talented from generation to generation. Scholar, the seed of reading, the signboard of family, the banner of etiquette. "

Qian's success stems from this. -there are seeds that can be passed down from generation to generation!

Qian Weichang's memoir Six Chapters of Cadre School in his later years.

In fact, the poor children of the Qian family never have to worry about whether they want to study or not. Since the Song Dynasty, the Qian family has formed an atmosphere of mutual assistance.

This is also related to Qian Jiaxun's warning, which clearly requires:

This family is very rich and has brought a home to help relatives and friends enthusiastically.

In order to provide poor children of ethnic minorities with books, the Qian family in various places set up Yitian, Yizhuang and Yoshida, and explicitly stipulated that some industries or profits must be used as education funds. This early "education fund" model ensured that the descendants of money, rich or poor, had the opportunity to receive education.

Huaihai Village in Qifangqiao, Wuxi is a typical example. Qian Mu and his nephew Qian Weichang were able to go to school with the help of Yizhuang.

When Qian Weichang was in junior high school, Qian Mu was already a primary and secondary school teacher. He inherited the teachings of his ancestors, shouldered the heavy responsibility of raising and educating Qian Weichang, and shouldered the expenses of studying and the responsibility of life teaching in junior high schools, senior high schools and universities in Qian Weichang.

In this regard, Qian Weichang said in the year of "Eighty Readings" in his later years, "The example of happy families and old people inspires young people like me. They know how to lead an honest and clean life, work hard, encourage themselves, be open-minded, actively seek knowledge, and be poor and decent".

Qian Wang statue in Hangzhou.

Therefore, we should not only see the greatness of this family, but also see the reasons behind it, which are supported by the traditional family style and system design.

As the saying goes, moral family heirlooms last for more than ten generations; Farming and reading heirlooms, followed by; Poetry and calligraphy from generation to generation