Liao Shijian, physical chemist. After graduation, he engaged in scientific research in a wide range of fields, including heterogeneous catalysis, surface chemistry, combustion and flame, Ziegler catalyst and olefin polymerization, complex catalysis, heterogeneous homogeneous catalysis, organometallic chemistry, synthesis and nano-chemistry of nano-materials, bimetallic synergistic effect in organic polymer membrane catalysis and complex catalysis, etc. In addition, application work has been carried out, and many new catalytic systems with high selectivity and high activity have been developed, some of which have been transformed into application development results. At the same time, a number of graduate students and scientific research backbones have been trained.
Chinese name: Liao Shijian.
Nationality: People's Republic of China (PRC).
Place of birth: Shanghai
Date of birth:1February 3, 929
Occupation: physical chemist
Graduate school: Shanghai Hujiang University
Representative work: olefin polymerization catalyst and process report set.
The life of the character
Liao Shijian was born in Shanghai on February 1929. 1952 After graduating from the Department of Chemistry of Hujiang University, under the guidance of researchers Qian and Liu Dafu from the Comprehensive Research Institute of China Academy of Sciences (now Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry), he studied the separation and purification of butadiene by complex method and the catalytic synthesis of butadiene by Lebedev method. Their work played a role in developing the first batch of styrene-butadiene rubber (pilot scale-up) in China in the early 1950s. At the same time, I attended the physical chemistry postgraduate class hosted by Professor Tang Aoqing of Northeast Renmin University (now Jilin University) for one and a half years (1953 ~ 1954).
During the study period of the first batch of associate doctoral students enrolled by China Academy of Sciences in 1950s (1956 ~ 1958), Liao Shijian studied the law of energy change in the adsorption process under the guidance of his tutor Professor Peking University Fu Ying. When he explained the hysteresis loop in the adsorption-desorption process, he corrected the conceptual error in the derivation of the hysteresis loop formula in the literature at that time and put forward a new formula, which can explain the influence of various parameters on the hysteresis loop size. The work and study experience at this stage laid a solid foundation for his future research work. Back to Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, engaged in the research of combustion and flame, and served as the project leader. In order to meet the needs of production at that time, the research on the production of acetylene and synthesis gas by partial combustion of natural gas began. In addition to the experimental work, he also calculated the theoretical limit of acetylene yield by flame method, and pointed out the problems for the inappropriate double yield requirement at that time. At the same time, he also carried out basic research on the stability of flame and combustion, flame temperature and flame propagation speed, and deduced the influence formula of initial gas temperature on flame propagation speed, which was consistent with the experiment.
Technical achievements
From 65438 to 0964, Liao Shijian was transferred to Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He started the research of HCN synthesis by flame method with great enthusiasm, and achieved high HCN yield by premixed flame in a pioneering way. Tail gas can be used as a new method to synthesize gas. In the subsequent work of producing ethylene and acetylene by partial combustion of refinery gas, with his rich scientific research experience, the experiment was quickly transferred from small-scale to 500-ton pilot. During this period, in the early days of the "Cultural Revolution", he ate, lived and worked with workers, and went through hardships, finally making the pilot-scale amplification experiment a success. Unfortunately, due to the "Cultural Revolution", the results of pilot scale-up cannot be transferred to industrial production. During the Cultural Revolution, when he came back from the countryside, he bid farewell to the research of high-temperature flame chemical synthesis, and started the research of olefin polymerization and Ziegler catalyst in combination with the production needs at that time. Outside the laboratory work, they quickly cooperated with factories with pilot production facilities to solve the problems of non-polymerization and sudden polymerization in propylene liquid phase bulk polymerization, which made the reaction go smoothly, and passed the appraisal of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Liaoning Province, laying the foundation for propylene liquid phase bulk polymerization in the future. A series of small and medium-sized factories were established in China and put into production smoothly. At the same time of applied research, the research group he led also carried out basic research, such as the theoretical results of adjusting the molecular weight of polypropylene with hydrogen, which was rare during the Cultural Revolution. In addition, they also developed a new catalytic system for improving the viscosity index of lubricating oil by polymerization of ethylene and propylene and producing pour point depressant for lubricating oil by polymerization of long-chain α-olefins. The latter has been identified and put into industrial production. Two achievements, "Liquid-phase bulk polymerization of propylene" and "Preparation of pour point depressant by polymerization of long-chain α-olefins", both won 1978 National Science Conference Award and Chinese Academy of Sciences and provincial and municipal major scientific and technological achievement awards. 1979, Science Press published their research results, more than 200,000 words of "Report Collection of Olefin Polymerization Catalysts and Processes". This book became a reference book for factory production, scientific research and university teaching at that time. At the beginning of 1979, Liao Shijian was funded by the Humboldt Foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany. As one of the first research members of the Humboldt Foundation of New China, he went to the Max Planck Institute Coal Research Institute (the birthplace of Ziegler catalyst and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis) for cooperative research. Engaged in the study of catalytic synthesis of magnesium hydride under mild conditions, the obtained high-activity magnesium hydride and magnesium powder can be used as medium-temperature hydrogen storage materials and high-activity reagents for synthesis reaction. This work is an important award-winning achievement obtained by the Federal German Coal Research Institute for many years. This achievement has been amplified in the pilot plant, and it has been used as hydrogen storage materials (hydrogen energy vehicles and solar energy utilization) and highly active reagents in cooperation with the factory. Liao Shijian's contribution lies in clarifying the reaction mechanism and further improving the catalytic system through a series of experiments and research on reaction kinetics, and finding that the intermediate of catalytic reaction is the reversible reaction of anthracene and magnesium. His research and other research results have been reported in three academic reports of the institute, which were warmly welcomed by the participants. Professor Wilke, the director and vice-chairman of Max Planck Institute, once called it "the combination of China's ancient traditional cultural wisdom and western modern science and technology". Liao Shijian went to the Federal Republic of Germany for cooperative research three times, which lasted for four years. During this period, he studied hard and worked hard, and achieved many important scientific research results, winning honor for the people of China with his intelligence.
Liao Shijian attaches great importance to the cultivation of talents. Always discuss problems with his students enthusiastically, patiently and meticulously. He is rigorous in his studies and active in academic thinking. He has trained a group of outstanding young and middle-aged researchers by his example, and many students feel that discussing problems with him has benefited a lot. He can always grasp the essence of the problem and put forward practical solutions. Liao Shijian is loyal to the motherland's scientific research, and his moral character is noble, which is deeply respected by people. One of his collaborators said that Liao Shijian was not only knowledgeable, but also had a better personality.
Liao Shijian has a solid theoretical foundation and broad scientific research ideas, and can keenly capture new and valuable growth points in related research fields. From 1980s to 1990s, Liao Shijian, together with collaborators, graduate students and visiting scholars, worked in many research fields of complex catalysis, and made new progress in basic and applied research: ① Ultra-high activity alkali metal hydride was successfully synthesized by complex catalysis at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and it was found that the product particles were nano-sized, and its unusually high activity was mainly caused by nano-size (large specific surface area). The quantitative relationship between nano-size and chemical reactivity of materials was studied, and these materials were used in the synthesis and catalytic reactions of organic, inorganic and organometallic metals. Some reactions that are difficult to carry out with conventional materials (micron scale) can be carried out smoothly and high yield can be obtained. In the catalytic hydrogenation reaction, a new catalytic system with high activity and selectivity was obtained by the catalyst composed of nano-sodium hydride and organometallic titanium compounds with sterically hindered ligands. The catalytic activity (TOF) reached 3 10s- 1, and the catalytic efficiency (TO) reached 1.5× 105. ② Through the change of functional groups on the organic polymer carrier, kinetic calculation, catalyst characterization and the application of supported catalysts in various complex catalytic reactions, the modulation effect of the carrier was studied, and some new results and explanations were obtained, as well as some promising catalytic systems with high selectivity, high activity and high stability. (3) On the basis of organic polymer supported catalyst, they successfully explored and carried out the catalytic membrane reaction of organic polymer metal complex with separation and catalytic performance, and carried out the high selectivity polyene hydrogenation reaction in the organic polymer membrane catalytic reactor for the first time, and explained the reasons for the high selectivity. ④ In homogeneous and homogeneous heterogeneous catalytic systems, the synergistic effect of bimetal in composite catalysis was extensively studied, which further improved the performance of the catalyst, especially the selectivity. The reason why bimetallic synergy improves the performance of the catalyst is discussed and explained. In homogeneous and homogeneous heterogeneous catalysis, the concept of bimetallic catalysis is introduced, which expands the way to adjust the performance of this kind of catalytic system. In the experiment, we also found some homogeneous catalytic systems, whose active species are actually nano-scale colloidal solutions formed in situ during the reaction. Similar to traditional heterogeneous catalysis, the preparation method of this kind of catalyst also has problems.
In the new historical period, Liao Shijian is facing the main battlefield of economic construction, and he never misses the possibility of the application and development of basic research. In the study of Ziegler-type catalytic system, the basic work results are transformed into application results. A highly active and selective catalyst for the cyclization trimerization of butadiene to synthesize trans, trans and cis 1, 5,9-cyclododecatriene was developed, and the technology was transferred to petrochemical enterprises in time. In the industrial development process of catalytic synthesis of adamantane, they applied the concepts obtained from basic research to industrial production, which greatly improved the yield of adamantane. Liao Shijian has published more than 200 papers in public academic journals and applied for 6 patents. In cooperation with other scholars, he edited two monographs and translated one. He has been a member of the editorial boards of academic journals such as Chemical Bulletin, Organic Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis, Journal of Chemistry, China Chemistry and China Journal of Catalysis. His research achievements have won two national science conference awards, China Academy of Sciences and provincial and municipal major scientific and technological achievements awards, China Academy of Sciences second prize in natural science and third prize in scientific and technological progress. Liao Shijian * * * orients 2 1 person for graduate students and 0/person for doctoral students.
Liao Shijian is knowledgeable and has a comprehensive knowledge structure. He has a humble spirit of cooperation and can communicate and cooperate well not only with his contemporaries, but also with young people of different generations. He is indifferent to fame and fortune, magnanimous and noble, and is respected and loved by colleagues and students. Today, although he is old, he is still making unremitting efforts for China's scientific research.
Biographical notes
1929 was born in Shanghai on February 3rd.
1948- 1952 studied in the chemistry department of Shanghai hujiang college.
1952- 1955 as a research intern in Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1956- 1958 Associate Research Fellow, Ph.D., Beijing Institute of Chemistry, China Academy of Sciences, and later served as the project leader.
1959- 1964 Assistant researcher and project leader of Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1964 ——1999 successively served as assistant researcher, associate researcher, researcher, doctoral supervisor (1986), project leader and director of research office in Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the meantime, with the support of Humboldt Foundation, I went to the Coal Research Institute of Max Planck Institute in the Federal Republic of Germany for four years as a visiting scholar and visiting professor (1979- 1990).
Main thesis
Liao Shijian, Jiao Huajuan, Wu Changxian, et al. Study on synthesis of hydrocyanic acid by flame method. Science Bulletin, 1966,17 (3):129; Synthesis by hydrocyanation. Science TongBao (ForeignLanguageed. ), 1966, 17(4): 170
2 bogdanovich B. , Liao Shijian, Schweickam. ，et al . katalytischesynthesevonmagnesiumhydriduntermildedingungen . angew . chem .， 1980，92( 10):845； Catalytic synthesis of magnesium hydroxide under mild conditions, Journal of Chemistry, British edition, 1980, 19:8 18.
3 bogdanovich B. , Liao Shijian, Minot. Formation and Characterization of Magnesite Anthracene, Chemical Month, 1984, 1 17: 1378.