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Lithium battery is a kind of battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as positive/negative electrode material and non-aqueous electrolyte as electrolyte. 19 12 lithium metal battery was first put forward and studied by Gilbert N.Lewis, and was put forward and studied by M.S.Whittingham in 1970s. Because the chemical characteristics of lithium metal are very active, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal have very high requirements for the environment. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have become the mainstream.
Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries contain no metallic lithium and can be charged. Lithium metal battery, the fifth generation product of rechargeable battery, was born in 1996. Its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and cost performance are better than those of lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high-tech requirements, only a few countries' companies are producing this kind of lithium metal battery.
Lithium batteries usually have two shapes: cylindrical and square. The inside of the battery adopts spiral winding structure, which is formed by extremely fine and permeable polyethylene film isolation material between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode includes a current collector composed of lithium cobaltate and aluminum foil. The negative electrode includes a current collector composed of graphitized carbon material and copper foil.