Problems in the development of China's catering industry at present

(1) The catering structure is unbalanced, and the problem of popular catering, especially breakfast, is prominent

Due to intensified competition and rising operating costs, the development of popular catering in some areas is unbalanced. The momentum of high-end catering in the industry is strong, and the market ratio of popular catering is reduced, which makes it difficult to meet the daily catering needs of ordinary people. The problem of "it is difficult for residents to consume popular catering" has become a common problem in cities, especially big cities. Breakfast, which is the closest to people's livelihood and the most urgent consumer demand, has always been highly valued by the government. Since 21, many local governments have started breakfast projects, but until today, the results have been minimal, and the breakfast problem has not been effectively solved. The China Cuisine Association has conducted a multi-party survey on consumers' breakfast consumption habits and the operating characteristics of catering enterprises. The survey shows that more than 25% of office workers in large and medium-sized cities in China never eat breakfast. Even if they have breakfast habits, the process of eating breakfast is by no means enjoyable. About 6% of the respondents eat breakfast for 5-1 minutes, and only about 1% of them spend more than 1 minutes, which is far from the scientific requirement of keeping breakfast time for at least 15 minutes. The survey also shows that the cost of breakfast is below 25% in 3 yuan, 45% in 5 yuan, and 2% in 1 yuan. At the same time, due to the shortage of time in the morning, people can only eat nearby. Although the gross profit margin of breakfast enterprises can reach 25% to 28% due to low consumption and limited passenger flow, the net interest rate is only about 3%. With such a low profit, many catering enterprises do not provide breakfast services, and the supply is obviously insufficient.

In addition, the arrival of an aging society makes it particularly important to solve the problem of eating for the elderly. The trend of miniaturization of family size and empty nest of elderly families is obvious, and the number of elderly people living alone has increased greatly. Retirees' community pension has reached its peak, and convenient and affordable popular catering is urgently needed to meet their daily dietary needs for three meals a day.

(2) The degree of standardization, industrialization and internationalization is low, and there is a lack of competitive international brands

At present, China's catering industry is still in a small, scattered and weak state, and more than 9% of catering enterprises are small enterprises. In 27, the turnover of the largest 1 catering enterprises only accounted for 8.5% of the entire catering market. Among the 37,711 corporate enterprises and industrial activity units above designated size, 1% (more than 35) are chain catering enterprises, with more than 23 catering processing and distribution centers, and the processing and distribution rate is only 66%. On average, each processing and distribution center covers less than 5 catering stores. At the same time, the upstream and downstream industries are underdeveloped, and food safety hazards still exist. The suppliers in the upstream of China catering industry are immature, which can not effectively support the smooth development of the catering industry. The primary processing of agriculture, animal husbandry and agricultural by-products in the upstream of the catering industry is scattered and the overall technology is low, which is an important reason for the increase of the probability of food safety problems in China. The upstream links do not supervise all kinds of raw materials and foods in place, which makes it difficult to attribute the responsibility for food safety and inhibits the industrialization process of the catering industry.

The concentration of catering industry in China is not high, and human, capital and technical resources are not fully and reasonably utilized; The industrial technology is not standardized, and the production technology is mainly based on the experience of teachers and apprentices, lacking the standardization and standardization of technology; The production and operation of enterprises are scattered and closed, and there is no industrialization scale. Compared with internationally renowned catering companies, there is a big gap in the enterprise scale, profitability, management level and experience of large companies in China, which is also reflected in overseas markets. According to the statistics of the World China Cuisine Federation, in the catering markets of all countries in the world, Chinese food enterprises are small in scale, dirty in environment, low in price, poor in service and poor in taste, which is far from reflecting the true level of Chinese food and is not in direct proportion to China's profound catering culture.

(3) The status of catering industry is low, and the quality of employees is generally not high

Traditionally, catering industry is regarded as a job of serving people, and its social status is low, so many people are unwilling to enter the catering industry. At the same time, low economic income and high labor intensity also hinder the supply of labor. In 27, employees in urban units of catering industry worked about 6 hours a week, and the average labor remuneration was 15,464 yuan, which was the last among all service industries and only 35% of the financial industry. The shackles of ideas and low treatment make catering employees only have junior high school level. In addition, China's current cooking education is still at a low level, with low level, small scale and poor quality, and the trained talents are not suitable for the current rapid development of catering industry.

(4) The policy treatment is obviously unfair, and the development environment needs to be improved

Compared with other industries, the price of water and electricity in the catering industry is high. Take the water price as an example, which is generally 2% ~ 6% higher than the industrial water price. The catering water price in Beijing is 4.6 yuan per cubic meter, higher than the residential water price in 1.8 yuan and higher than the commercial and industrial water price in .5 yuan. For example, in terms of electricity price, the catering electricity price in Wuhan is .99 yuan per kilowatt hour, and the industrial electricity price is .49 yuan, which is half the difference.

The types and rates of taxes and fees levied on catering enterprises vary greatly from place to place, and there is a phenomenon of repeated charges. According to a survey conducted by China Cuisine Association on the catering industry in China, the business tax rates vary from place to place: 3% in Beijing, 5.6% in Shanghai, and 11% in Zhengzhou. In some areas, such as Xinjiang, 3% cultural market establishment funds are added to catering enterprises. The credit card rate of the catering industry is around 2%, which is quite different from that of the retail industry of .5% ~ 1%. In addition, the environmental protection department charges the catering industry on the high side, and there is a common phenomenon of collecting sewage charges twice. For each newly opened branch of chain enterprises, environmental assessment is repeated, and the cost of each environmental assessment ranges from 5, to 2, yuan, which brings some negative effects to enterprises.

in addition, the treatment between Chinese food enterprises and foreign food enterprises is unequal. In order to attract foreign-funded chain enterprises, some local governments even have an overlord clause in the agreement, which is not conducive to the competition between Chinese food enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises on the same stage.

(5) The construction of industry regulations and standards is lagging behind, and the qualification certification is out of order

Compared with foreign catering industry standards, the construction of industry standards, laws and regulations in China's catering industry is relatively lagging behind. At present, China's catering industry lacks planning guidance, and there is a phenomenon of blind, disorderly and low-level development in its rapid development. The national laws and regulations applicable to the catering industry have not been established, and there is a lack of systematic and strict market access system and mandatory standards, and the market competition lacks industry norms, which leads to market disorder in the industry. The standards of catering enterprises are uneven, the content is not comprehensive, the technical knowledge content is low, and there is a lack of national unity. So far, there are almost no national standards for the catering industry, and there are only a few industry standards, such as "Business Standards for Catering Enterprises" and "Business Standards for Breakfast Enterprises". The construction of regulations and standards is obviously insufficient.

In addition, some trade organizations and news media are purely oriented to economic interests, while some illegal social groups use fraudulent means to issue plaques and certificates to catering enterprises and chefs out of order, which seriously disrupts the normal market order. According to incomplete statistics, in 28, more than a dozen illegal associations of "three noes" who embezzled the name of China Cuisine Association or failed to register, put on record and have no qualifications carried out various appraisals and commendations. The lack of supervision of industry organizations and illegal associations made the catering market disorderly, especially the certification of chefs was chaotic, and the certification of famous teachers and masters was out of order, and even the phenomenon of spending money to buy certificates appeared.

(6) The industry statistics are lagging behind, and it is impossible to accurately grasp the overall situation of the industry development

At present, the statistics of the catering industry by the National Bureau of Statistics are divided into four categories: dinner service, fast food service, beverage and cold drink service, and other catering services. However, the formats that have developed rapidly in recent years, such as leisure catering and hot pot, have not been clearly reflected, which is not conducive to industrial theoretical research and practical guidance. In addition, the current statistical retail sales of catering industry does not include colleges and government canteens. How to conduct statistical research on this kind of catering industry is also a problem that should be solved in the future. Since 1997, there has been no accurate statistics on employees in the catering industry, so that we have underestimated the role of the catering industry in expanding consumption and promoting employment to a great extent.