19 was the foundation year of genetics.
January
On January 1st, Hawaii asked to send representatives to attend the * * * and Party Conference held in Washington, D.C.. (see
April 3, 19) Nigeria became a British protectorate.
On January 2nd, citizens in Gaomi County, Shandong Province, China prevented the German from building a railway. John Hayward proposed an open door policy. The drainage canal in Chicago, USA was completed, with a total length of 64 kilometers and a total project cost of 45 million US dollars.
on January 4th, a wave of strikes swept across Europe.
On January 5th, John Edward Redmond, leader of Irish Nationalist Party, called on people to resist British rule.
On January 6th, there was a famine in India, and it was reported that millions of people were dying. (See May 7, 19)
On January 8, US President William McKinley William McKinley ordered military rule in Alaska.
On January 8th, South African Boers attacked the town of Ladysmith and were repelled by British General White.
On January 9th, Italian Lazio Football Club was established.
on January 13th, Japan's universal suffrage movement spread all over the country, and Matsumoto's universal suffrage alliance submitted a petition to the House of Representatives with 1, people.
On January 14th, Puccini's opera Tosca premiered in Rome under the shadow of anonymous letters and death threats.
On January 16th, after Britain gave up the sovereignty of Saja Islands, the US Senate finally recognized the Anglo-German Treaty signed in November 1899. (see February 13, 19) Britain assembled a strong military force near the Cape of Good Hope, forcing the Boers to turn from attack to defense.
On January 17th, the ethnic Indians in Texas, once a Mexican territory, officially announced that they would leave Mexico and stand on their own feet. When the United States obtains wake island, it will be able to connect the submarine cable between Hawaii and Manila.
On January 21st, Canadian troops set out from Halifax for South Africa to participate in the Boer War.
On January 24th, when Yang Quyun arrived in Hong Kong from Japan, he resigned as the president of Xing Zhong Hui and was succeeded by Sun Yat-sen.. The Qing government took Puyi, the 9-year-old son of Zaiyi, as the prince and became the heir of Emperor Guangxu, which was called "building a store in the sea" in history. Britain and South African states began peace talks for the Boer War. (see March 13th, 19)
On January 25th, Germany issued the second phase of the boat building act, and began to expand the naval fleet.
On January 27th, the envoys from Britain, the United States, France, Russia and Italy in Beijing unanimously demanded that the Qing government put down the Boxer Rebellion. (see February 19th, 19)
On January 29th, eight founding teams established the League of Professional Baseball Clubs in Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
On January 31st, Sir Queensberry, the founder of boxing rules, died. On February 1st, Britain replaced General Buller, the commander of the South African colony, and was succeeded by General Robert. (see February 8, 19)
On February 3, William Goebels, the candidate for governor of Kentucky, the Democratic Party of the United States, was killed by a gunman. (See August 18th, 19) Coal miners' strikes occurred in Vienna, Budapest and other big cities in Europe.
On February 5th, the United States and the United Kingdom signed the John Pang Si Firth Treaty. The United States has the right to open the Panama Canal, but it is not allowed to station troops there.
On February 6th, Governor of New York, USA, Theodore Roosevelt declared that he would not accept the nomination as a vice presidential candidate under any circumstances. (See June 19th, 19) Declaration of The Hague Peace Conference in 1899: The International Court of Justice was established in The Hague.
On February 8th, British General Buller was defeated by Boer troops in Ladysmith, South Africa, and the British army was defeated. (see February 14th, 19)
On February 9th, American tennis player Dewey Philly Davis donated a silver cup to the tennis player.
On February 13th, British troops in Myanmar began to invade Pianma, a border city in Yunnan. The German Parliament ratified the Anglo-German Treaty, and Britain, France, the United States and Germany reached an agreement to divide Polynesia.
on February 14th, the Qing government offered a reward of 1, silver for the arrest of Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, and prohibited people from reading their newspapers. Russian Tsar Nicholas II ignored the international solidarity with Finland and ordered to strengthen his rule in Finland. British General Robert led 2, troops to invade Orange Free State in South Africa. (see February 27, 19)
On February 17, Japan's "Wan Chao Bao" criticized the Public Security Police Act, depriving the people of their freedom of assembly and association and suppressing the petition movement of workers and peasants.
On February 19th, the Qing government ordered Zhili and Shandong governors to ban the Boxer Rebellion. (see February 25th, 19)
On February 22nd, the Hawaiian Islands became a quasi-state in the United States.
on February 25th, the Qing government sent a note to the foreign ministers in China. (see March 2, 19)
On February 27th, British General Robert accepted the unconditional surrender of Boer General Piet Cronje in Pietersburg, South Africa.
On February 27th, Bayern Munich Football Club in Germany was established.
On February 28th, the British Labor Party established the Committee of Labor Representatives (renamed Labor Party in 196). Russia proposed to Germany and France that Britain should end the Boer War. On March 2, the United States Congress voted in Washington, D.C. to help Puerto Rico with $2 million. (See March 19, 19) China's ambassadors to China demanded that the Qing government severely punish the Boxer Rebellion.
On March 3rd, striking miners in Germany began to return to their jobs.
on March 5th, two American warships went to Nicaragua to stop the revolutionary unrest.
On March 9th, German women petitioned the Parliament for the right to take the college entrance examination.
on March 1th, Britain signed a contract with Uganda. Uganda forms a government under British protection. Japan promulgated the Public Security Police Law to suppress the increasingly frequent labor movement.
On March 11th, British Prime Minister Salisbury said in London that he rejected the peace proposal put forward by Boer leader Paul Kruger. (See March 13th, 19) The ambassadors of the United States, Britain, France, Germany and Italy in Qing Dynasty telegraphed their respective governments to send their navies to the Bohai Sea in China.
On March 13th, British General Robert captured Brufontein, the capital of Orange Free State in South Africa. (see March 27, 19)
On March 14, the United States promulgated the monetary law and established the gold standard system. One ounce of 9% gold is equivalent to $2.6.
On March 19th, US President McGinley stated in Washington, D.C. the necessity of maintaining trade freedom between the United States and Puerto Rico. (See April 12th, 19) British archaeologist Arthur John Evans began to excavate the Knossos Palace in Clion, Hera, which was the cultural center of Crete in 16th century BC.
On March 2th, US Secretary of State John Hayward declared that China's open door policy has been supported by Britain, Germany, France and Italy. (See May 17th, 19) Carnegie Steel Company was established in New Jersey, USA. (see March 13th, 191)
On March 24th, new york Mayor Van Wyck held a groundbreaking ceremony for the first rapid transit railway in new york. (see October 27th, 194)
On March 27th, the British Parliament passed the War Bond Act, allocating 35 million pounds for the Boer War. (see April 9, 19)
On March 29, the U.S. War Department set up an officer's area in the Philippines.
On March 31st, Russia and North Korea signed a secret agreement in Seoul to guarantee the lease right of Mashanpu naval base. On April 1st, Prince George became the absolute monarch of Crete.
On April 6th, Britain requested the Gold Coast.
On April 14th, the World Expo opened in Paris, France. May 2th —— The second Olympic Games opened in Paris. The missions of the great powers in Beijing held a meeting and strongly urged the Qing government to suppress the Boxer Rebellion.
May 21st-The ambassadors of Britain, the United States, France and Germany to China once again sent a note to the Qing government, urging the Boxer Rebellion to be severely suppressed and punishing the officials who failed to suppress it.
may 26th-the "sutra-storing cave" in the Mogao grottoes was discovered. June 14th-The Boxer Regiment entered Beijing.
on June 15th, the Boxer Rebellion besieged Beijing Xishiku Cathedral.
June 17th-Eight-Nation Alliance captured Dagu Fort.
June 18th-Empress Dowager Cixi ordered the killing of all foreigners, including foreign ministers.
June 21st-the Qing court declared war on the great powers.
June 29th-The Swedish government officially approved the establishment of the Nobel Foundation. July 9-Australia's colonies form a federation.
on July 13th, Eight-Nation Alliance launched a general attack on Tianjin in two ways, and occupied Tianjin the next day.
July 16th-Hailanpao tragedy. August 14th —— Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing
August 15th —— Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu fled Beijing on September 3rd —— Eight-Nation Alliance attacked and killed the Boxers in the suburbs of Beijing.
September 5th-France occupied Chad.
on September 17th, six former British colonies declared the Commonwealth of Australia. On October 11th, Li Hongzhang arrived in Beijing and started negotiations with Eight-Nation Alliance. On October 19th, Max Planck published his radiation formula. December 14th-Max Planck published his theory of quantum
December 18th-Nikolai Central Church was completed in nangang district, Harbin.