It should be noted that the positions seen by investors are not the real-time positions of funds. Fund managers will change positions and stocks at any time according to market conditions, but fund managers will not operate frequently, and generally choose relatively stable and growing stocks for long-term holding.
Stock is a part of the ownership of a joint-stock company and a certificate of ownership issued by a joint-stock company. It is a kind of securities issued by a joint-stock company to all kinds of shareholders, as a shareholding certificate to obtain dividends and bonuses. Stocks are long-term credit instruments in the capital market and can be transferred and traded. With it, shareholders can share the company's profits, but also bear the risks brought by the company's business mistakes. Each share represents the shareholder's ownership of the basic unit of the enterprise. Every listed company will issue shares.
Every stock in the same category represents the equal ownership of the company. The share of ownership of the company owned by each shareholder depends on the proportion of shares held by each shareholder to the total share capital of the company.
Stock is an integral part of the capital of a joint-stock company and can be transferred and traded. It is the main long-term credit tool in the capital market, but the company cannot be required to return its capital contribution.
Fund, in English, refers to a certain amount of funds set up for a certain purpose. It mainly includes trust and investment funds, provident funds, insurance funds, retirement funds and funds of various foundations.
From the accounting point of view, capital is a narrow concept, which refers to funds with specific purposes and uses. The fund we are talking about mainly refers to the securities investment fund.
Types of securities investment funds
(1) According to whether the fund unit can be increased or redeemed, it can be divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds. Open-end funds are not traded on the market (as the case may be), but are purchased and redeemed by banks, brokers and fund companies, and the fund scale is not fixed; Closed-end funds have a fixed duration and are generally listed and traded on the stock exchange. Investors buy and sell fund shares through the secondary market.
(2) According to different organizational forms, it can be divided into corporate funds and contractual funds. A fund is established by issuing fund shares to establish an investment fund company, which is usually called a corporate fund; The establishment of fund managers, fund custodians and investors through fund contracts is usually called contractual funds. China's securities investment funds are all contractual funds.
(3) According to the different investment risks and returns, it can be divided into growth funds, income funds and balanced funds.
(4) According to different investors, it can be divided into bond funds, stock funds, money funds and hybrid funds.