Environment and development are the focus of the international community at present. Protecting the ecological environment and realizing sustainable development have become an urgent and arduous task all over the world. Environmental problem is not only an economic problem, but also a social and political problem, which involves all aspects of national economy and affects the economic and social development of various countries. Environmental problems are prompting people to rethink the relationship between man and nature, reflect on the drawbacks of the traditional development concept and the heavy price paid by the traditional economic development model, and urge people to strive for a new development model-the concept of sustainable development and its development model came into being. As a development goal and model, sustainable development pursues the harmonious development of economic and social activities and the natural environment. At present, with the emergence of global environmental problems and the increasing scope of their influence, environmental factors have begun to penetrate into international trade, world economic order, national security and diplomacy and other economic and political fields, and environmental problems have a more and more far-reaching impact on the trend of world economic and political relations. China is a developing environmental power, which is faced with both domestic environmental problems and international pressure from global environmental problems. In the face of such a grim situation, how should China take a road of coordinated development of society, economy, population, resources and environment, both at home and facing the world? Trying to solve this problem ...

In the 21st century, human beings are facing great challenges of global environment and social sustainable development. On the one hand, human beings are severely challenged by the ever-changing earth system; On the other hand, human activities are affecting the earth system with unprecedented amplitude and speed. Now human activities are changing and exploiting the physical, chemical and biological environment of the earth from various scales (local, regional and global). To understand how human beings interact with the earth and how human beings affect the earth's environment, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the earth system. It is also essential to master the knowledge of the interaction process of various functions of the earth in detail for realizing the future prosperity of the country and the development of mankind. Therefore, at present, the research of earth science in the world is changing from traditional geoscience to establishing a new knowledge system of earth system science, and the earth system has become the scientific basis for earth science to solve global environmental and resource problems. Studying the process, interaction and dynamics of the earth system has gradually become the core field of earth science research. Nowadays, the problems of resources and ecology have endangered the national security and the sustainable development of economy and society. It has become the need of the times to explore the principles and methods of using the ecosystem of earth system science to manage the natural environment and resources. This requires the land and resources work to strengthen the scientific research of the earth system and establish a new knowledge system of resource management. Our gap in this respect is still quite large, so it is imperative to increase the basic and cutting-edge research in this area.

major environmental problems promote the scientific development of the earth system

the earth system refers to a whole earth composed of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere (including human beings themselves). It covers a very wide range from the center of the earth to the outer space of the earth, and it is a complex nonlinear system, in which there are interactions among the components of the earth system, mainly the interactions among the three basic processes of physics, chemistry and biology, and the interactions between people and the earth system. According to the viewpoint of earth system science, global change is the result of interaction and feedback among various components of the earth-core, mantle, lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere (including human society). The scientific understanding of these interaction and feedback processes needs to study the earth as a unified dynamic system. Therefore, in order to solve the major scientific problems of contemporary resources and environment, it is necessary to regard the earth as a continuous and unified organic whole composed of interacting components or subsystems-the earth system, and to study the overall behavior of the earth system by using the principle of general system theory.

In the short 2 years since NASA first put forward the concept of "earth system science" in 1983, earth system science has become the main scientific goal of international geosciences and national geosciences development. In a recent strategic report of the Department of Geology of the National Science Foundation of the United States, it is clearly pointed out that "the scientific challenge of geosciences lies in understanding and predicting the basic processes and interactions of physical subsystems, biological subsystems and human subsystems in the earth system". Japan's recent plan of "Predicting Earth Change" emphasizes the research, observation and simulation of various processes in the earth system. In the "1994-2 Earth Science Strategy", Britain also put forward that its strategic goal is to understand the knowledge and understanding of the earth system process.

Today, the seriousness of environmental problems faced by human beings lies in the fact that they involve a series of major issues such as the relationship between human beings and their own life support systems. More and more evidence shows that this relationship is becoming increasingly tense. Human activities are threatening the environmental system on which we live. It is no longer just a local or regional problem, but a global problem that transcends national boundaries. This is also a historical issue. Although it originated from the industrial revolution, it has really attracted the attention of the world only in recent decades. These major environmental problems have gone far beyond the scope of a single discipline in terms of scientific content, often involving various environmental factors such as atmosphere, ocean, soil and biology, and are closely related to physical, chemical and biological processes. Only from the overall study of the earth system can we find out the causes of these problems and seek solutions. Understanding the changing law of the earth system and its subsystems and predicting its future changing trend can reduce the adverse effects caused by the changes of the earth system, reduce natural disasters and their losses, improve the adaptability of human beings to the changes of the earth system and achieve the ultimate goal of earth science research. At present, the study of the earth system is more targeted, and more emphasis is placed on solving the main challenges faced by the sustainable development of human society and economy in order to serve social development.

The major environmental problems in contemporary times are mainly caused by the unreasonable exploitation and utilization of the earth's resources by human beings, and their influence degree is close to natural changes, and it is continuing to intensify, which may have long-term irreversible consequences for the future living environment of human beings. In the past century, with global warming as the main feature, great changes have taken place in the global climate and environment: water shortage, ecosystem degradation, intensified soil erosion, sharp decline in biodiversity, ozone depletion, changes in atmospheric chemical composition, decline in fishery production, etc. These changes are mainly caused by human activities. Because the range of global change has gone beyond the natural change of the earth itself, it poses a serious threat to human survival and social and economic development. According to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the global warming will continue at a faster rate in the future. In the next 1 years, the global temperature will rise by 1.4-5.8℃, which will have a more serious impact on the global environment. If this situation cannot be effectively curbed, the earth will eventually become a planet unsuitable for human beings and other life. In 24, the Pentagon provided President Bush with a secret report entitled "Global Change Will Destroy America". Its core content is that in the next 2 years, climate change will lead to global disasters, global riots and nuclear wars, and millions of people will die in wars and natural disasters caused by global warming. By 22, major cities in Europe will be submerged by seawater, and Britain will become a "Siberian" climate. Therefore, the threat of climate warming to the world exceeds the current terrorist activities that make the United States uneasy. Climate change is no longer a scientific debate, but a matter of national security in the United States. Now, even the US military is studying the threat of changes in the earth system to national security, which shows the significance of studying global system changes.

28 _ Test 28-12-25 21:22 Report

Global climate change is a disaster for low-lying areas, which means the demise of the country and the migration of population. Climate change, for every country, is related to national security, the reduction of water resources, the destruction of ecosystems and the deterioration of soil. The reduction of fishery production will also have an impact on the economies of some countries. The islands will be drastically reduced, and the climate will be abnormal, which will also create a vicious circle for the glaciers at the two poles. < P > In short, we need to live in harmony with nature. < P > A stable and harmonious social security environment is an important part of building a well-off society in an all-round way. At present, it is of great significance to pay attention to the study and prevention of mass incidents that affect social stability for building a "peaceful Jiangning", serving the "two pioneers" and maintaining long-term social stability.

first, the characteristics of mass incidents

in recent years, judging from several mass incidents in our region, it has the following characteristics: first, the universality of the subject. In a mass incident, the number of people who often gather to participate is as small as a dozen, dozens, and hundreds. The universality of the subject makes the prevention, control and timely disposal of mass incidents particularly important. Otherwise, it will involve a lot of manpower, material resources and leadership energy, and it will take a lot of meticulous work and a lot of money to calm down. The second is the diversity of types. With the continuous progress of economy and society, we can't avoid the reality that the factors that trigger group events are diversified. It is caused by land expropriation, enterprise restructuring and labor disputes, environmental pollution or destruction of living environment, and so on. The diversity of types makes us constantly encounter new situations and problems in the process of handling these incidents. The third is the prominence of interests. Every time a mass incident happens, the problem of sex is closely related to interests. When people think that their rights and interests have been violated, they have the right to ask for protection. However, they often gather people and petition in groups under the control of the biased thinking of believing in the letter, believing in the big and believing in the small, and believing in the information, hoping to get a solution through excessive behavior. The fourth is the complexity of thought. In the process of reform and development, everyone's interests will be touched, which will eventually be reflected from everyone's vital interests, thus causing some fluctuations, imbalances and even conflicts in people's thoughts, psychology and emotions. Some reasonable and unreasonable, legal and illegal, legitimate and illegitimate demands and illegal acts are often intertwined, which breeds the bad tendency of "making small troubles and solving them, making big troubles and solving them". The fifth is the seriousness of the harm. Group incidents interfere with the normal order of organs, involve the work energy of party and government leaders, affect traffic and enterprise production, and easily disturb people's hearts.

second, the causes of group events

the contradiction caused by social transformation is one of the factors that produce group events. In the period of social transformation, the overall social structure, resource structure, regional structure, organizational structure and identity structure have all undergone major changes. With the differentiation of classes, groups and organizations, the differentiation of interests will also occur. On the premise of limited social resources, diversified interest groups will inevitably compete and conflict with each other. The acceleration of social differentiation is bound to be reflected in the ideological concept and ideological structure of social members. People are impacted by various values, which often leads to some social problems and even some group events.

The people's democratic consciousness is constantly increasing, but the weak concept of legal system is the second factor that causes mass incidents. Since the reform and opening up, the people's democratic consciousness has been gradually enhanced, and their demands for democracy have become higher and higher. They all require high transparency when they encounter problems, and they have studied the laws and policies for the protection of their vital interests and rights and interests. However, when there is interest friction or dispute between the masses and between superiors and subordinates, some people mistakenly think that gathering people to make trouble and petitioning collectively can put pressure on leaders, solve problems quickly, and turn contradictions that could have been solved through legal procedures or other means into mass incidents.

The relatively weak social control of grass-roots organizations is the third factor that causes mass incidents. At present, the administrative control power of grass-roots organizations at the town and village levels over the society is relatively limited, and a few places do not know much about the hot and difficult issues concerned by the masses, or because of various factors and constraints, it is difficult to solve them for a long time. Once there is a trigger, it is easy to form mass incidents.

Third, the operation of prevention and governance of mass incidents

1. Establish a comprehensive and systematic prevention mechanism. First of all, the establishment of district, town two levels of contradictions and disputes mediation center. The two-level center specializes in the investigation, mediation, investigation and supervision of contradictions and disputes, and performs the functions and powers of unified acceptance, unified registration, unified dispatch, unified management and diversion assignment, coordinated dispatch, inspection and supervision, and management supervision of social contradictions and disputes. Secondly, adhere to the system of monthly investigation and mediation of contradictions and disputes. On the 28th of each month, the district and town dispute mediation centers investigate the unstable factors of the month, and summarize the findings to the district mediation center. After sorting out the existing problems, the responsibilities of the relevant regions and departments will be clarified, and a monthly report will be formed and submitted to the district leaders, providing an important basis for leadership decision-making. Third, improve the information network. Mastering sensitive information is an important link to effectively prevent mass incidents. Functional departments at all levels have established stable information officers at all levels to form a network to ensure timely and accurate access to information that may lead to mass incidents, so as to achieve the goal of not moving the prophet, taking control first, taking the initiative to deal with it and effectively preventing it. Fourth, adhere to the leadership of the petition reception day system. Leading the reception of letters and visits, on the one hand, can directly and accurately listen to the difficult problems reflected by the masses, so that some problems can be directly answered and solved. On the other hand, in case of more important problems, it can be directly submitted to the leadership office for timely study and timely reply, which not only improves the efficiency of solving problems, but also receives good results of winning the trust of the people and close the relationship between cadres and the masses. Fifth, establish a system of hearing and dialogue. In case of difficult contradictions and disputes involving the vital interests of the people or involving many parties and great influence, according to the proposal of the parties or relevant departments, we can hold a dialogue hearing to mediate, be frank, express our opinions, seek common ground while reserving differences, and form and expand our knowledge. Sixth, establish a system of supervision and assignment. For the contradictions and disputes found out last month, if they are found out again in the next month's investigation and are not solved in time, they shall be inspected in a timely manner by sending an inspection notice or on-site inspection, and write a report on the inspection situation for the leaders to read, so as to solve the problem. Seventh, implement the emergency response plan for mass incidents. In the event of a group incident, immediately start the emergency response plan, quickly deploy manpower, rush to the scene, control the situation, guide the masses to reflect and solve the problem through legal and proper channels, isolate and disintegrate the few people who incite trouble, so as to quickly calm down the situation.

2. Strengthen service awareness and close the relationship between cadres and the masses. To prevent and reduce mass incidents, it is necessary to mobilize all social forces to actively participate, make concerted efforts and comprehensively manage them. Among them, the government, as a special social organization with public power, managing public affairs, representing public interests and assuming public responsibilities, can influence and regulate public behavior by formulating policies and regulations and providing social services. First, establish a standardized social security system and social welfare network, and strive to solve the problems of low income and poverty of urban and rural population. Make overall plans to avoid excessive loss of interests of some groups, so as to ensure the relative optimization of interest adjustment in the process of reform and development. The second is communication.