First, large banks represented by the four major behaviors have foreign investment bank licenses and institutions, and participate in domestic equity investment through overseas subsidiaries, such as BOC International and ABC International. For example, ICBC set up HarmonyChina Real Estate Fund through ICBC International Investment Management Co., Ltd., and Agricultural Bank set up Hainan International Tourism Industry Fund through ABC International.

Second, the national joint-stock banks represented by China Merchants Bank, Industrial Bank and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank cooperate with market-oriented private equity investment (PE) institutions in the form of "loan+stock option" to carry out investment and loan linkage. In this way, when issuing credit, the bank agreed in advance that the loan price should be converted into the proportion of equity and options. After the initial public offering (IPO) or equity appreciation premium, banks can choose to exercise their rights, and the holding institution will sell the equity to realize the income.

Third, some small and medium-sized banks recommend high-quality equity projects to market-oriented PE institutions in the form of "loans+financial consultants".