Eco-environmental policy is the dynamic system of eco-environmental protection. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the eco-environmental policy reform should adhere to the goal orientation and problem orientation, implement the new development concept, fully consider the situation requirements of the new development stage, scientifically plan new ideas, and fully support the construction of ecological civilization and beautiful China.
Under the new development situation, the reform of eco-environmental policy needs new ideas.
The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" policy innovation should not only provide a guarantee for deepening the battle against pollution and continuously improving the quality of the ecological environment, but also provide new kinetic energy for services to support high-quality development. First of all, the policy goal should be scientific. The exploration of ecological civilization policy systems, such as paid use and compensation of resources, performance appraisal and accountability, is progressing steadily, but most of them are still in the pilot or gradual improvement stage. We must adhere to and follow Xi Jinping's thought of ecological civilization, strive to improve efficiency and deepen improvement. Second, expand the policy function. Ecological supervision, marine and rural ecological environment protection need to be included in the scope of policy regulation. There are still shortcomings and weaknesses in the policies to improve the quality of the ecological environment. The coordination between climate change and ecological environment protection is not enough. Risk prevention and control needs to be more prevention-oriented, and the regulatory objectives of eco-environmental policies should also change accordingly. Third, the policy focus should be adjusted. The supply of structural control policies such as industry, energy and transportation is insufficient, and the policy implementation effect is not good and the policy effect is lagging behind. Policy innovation should be planned from the integration of ecological environmental protection and economic development. Fourth, optimize the policy system. We must speed up the division of roles and rational functional orientation of administrative, market and social policies. In addition, the dual-carbon policy and international cooperation policy need to keep up with the new situation.
Actively plan the key direction of eco-environmental policy reform in the 14 th Five-Year Plan
Strengthen structural adjustment policy incentives. First, improve the differential electricity price and water price policies for industries with high energy consumption, high pollution and serious overcapacity, continue to promote the reform of green tax system, and study the inclusion of VOCs and carbon emissions in the scope of environmental protection tax collection. The second is to strengthen the coordination of energy substitution subsidy policy with natural gas price and electricity price policy, continue to encourage clean and efficient use of coal through tax incentives and reductions, and improve the price and subsidy policies promoted by new energy development and utilization. The third is to increase financial and tax support for new energy trucks, improve the market mechanism of "railway transfer", encourage social capital to set up multimodal transport industry funds, and support insurance funds to participate in major transportation infrastructure construction through creditor's rights and equity. The fourth is to establish an eco-product value accounting system, improve the eco-product market management and development system, build a unified and standardized eco-product trading market, and improve the eco-product value realization policy system.
Improve the policy mechanism of eco-environmental responsibility. First, strengthen the role of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in the central environmental protection inspector, and incorporate the assessment of marine ecological environment target responsibility into the assessment system. The second is to open up enterprise point source management policies such as pollutant discharge permit, environmental access, total amount control and environmental protection tax, build a complete enterprise pollution control main responsibility implementation policy chain, and improve the green design policy.
Strengthen the application of eco-environmental market economy policy. First, adjust and optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure, strengthen financial support for green industries and ecological environmental protection, improve the reserve system of central ecological environmental protection fund projects, and formulate medium-and long-term ecological environmental protection budgets. The second is to encourage qualified local governments and social capital to launch regional green development sub-funds and improve the mandatory disclosure mechanism of environmental information of boss company. The third is to further promote the emission trading system and activate the secondary trading market. The fourth is to strengthen the ecological compensation power of the central government in important ecological protection areas and establish a horizontal ecological compensation mechanism for key basins of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
Innovating social mobilization ecological environment policy. First, implement incentive policies such as subsidies and credit certification, and promote the establishment of private eco-environmental supervisors, eco-environmental grid workers, and private river chiefs. The second is to encourage exploring the establishment of a volunteer mechanism and give full play to the initiative of grassroots communities. The third is to improve the creation and selection policies of green life such as conservation-oriented institutions, green families and green schools.
Promote the innovation of ecological and environmental policies in key areas. The first is to improve the ecological environment space control policy. Promote the establishment of a pre-mechanism for eco-environmental space policy, improve the "three lines and one order" policy, and promote the normalization supervision of important ecological spaces focusing on ecological protection red lines and nature reserves. The second is to establish and improve the policy system of peak carbon dioxide emission. Establish an assessment, guidance and incentive policy system for the peak value of urban carbon dioxide emissions, implement dual control of the total amount and intensity of carbon dioxide emissions, actively promote carbon finance innovation to help reduce carbon financing emissions, and promote urban gradients to achieve the peak value of carbon dioxide emissions. The third is to strengthen the ecological protection policy. Establish and improve the management system of nature reserves, implement classified supervision of nature reserves, and strengthen the formulation and implementation of biodiversity protection policies. The fourth is to improve the ecological environment risk policy. Construct an eco-environmental management system that focuses on source prevention, strictly controls the process, severely punishes afterwards, and pursues responsibility and compensation. The fifth is to improve the international eco-environmental cooperation policy. Further promote international eco-environmental cooperation, environment and trade, and foreign investment policies.
Consolidate the supporting implementation of ecological environment policy reform
Synchronize and coordinate the supporting system of policy reform to ensure the implementation of policies. First, the formulation and implementation of the national "14th Five-Year Plan" eco-environmental policy provided a scientific blueprint and construction arrangement for the eco-environmental policy reform, and also enhanced the predictability of eco-environmental policies from all walks of life. The second is to improve the dual-policy assessment mechanism, promote the establishment of the socio-economic impact assessment mechanism of eco-environmental policies and the eco-environmental impact assessment mechanism of major socio-economic and technological policies, and establish the feedback mechanism of eco-environmental policy assessment results and the timely revision mechanism of major policies. The third is to establish an effective coordination mechanism for policy formulation and implementation on the basis of clarifying the list of powers and responsibilities of relevant departments and localities at all levels. Fourth, continue to promote the legalization of eco-environmental policies, and formulate and improve laws and regulations such as pollutant discharge permit, ecological protection red line and climate protection. To study and formulate laws and regulations such as environmental pollution liability insurance and environmental planning. Improve the connection mechanism between administrative law enforcement and environmental justice, and improve the judicial guarantee of citizens' right to sue for ecological environment.