Circulation box
Joint stock partnership
The first mode: land joint-stock cooperative.
Chongzhou city Yishun land contract management stock cooperative
The cooperative was established in May 20 10. Located in Shengjian Village, Bianquan Town, chongzhou city. It is a land joint-stock cooperative established by 22 farmers in groups 3, 8, 12, 14 and 20 of Shengjian Village with contracted land management right, with a shareholding area of 124. 79 acres. Cooperatives are mainly engaged in standardization, scale, intensification and brand management of food crops and cash crops.
I. Organizational form
In accordance with the principles of joining the cooperative voluntarily, leaving the cooperative freely, enjoying the benefits and taking risks, 22 farmers voluntarily converted the confirmed 124.97 mu of contracted land into cooperatives according to the ratio of 0.0 1 mu, and * * * shares 1 2497.
A cooperative shall formulate and improve its articles of association and establish and improve its internal management system. According to the articles of association, the board of directors and the board of supervisors are elected by the members' congress. The board of directors and the board of supervisors each have 3 members, with the chairman 1 and the supervisor 1.
The board of directors is responsible for the unified organization of the production and operation of cooperatives, and the board of supervisors is responsible for supervising the implementation of production and operation and financial revenue and expenditure.
Second, the operating mechanism.
"What to plant and how to plant it" is decided by the Council. At present, the planting modes are: spring planting grain (selenium-enriched rice) and Koharu classic planting (special vegetables, edible fungi, etc.). ).
The cooperative signed a contract with Chongzhou State Reserve Company to organize standardized production according to the company's quality standards and order requirements.
The cooperative borrowed 40,000 yuan through the mortgage financing of farmers' land contractual management rights as the start-up capital for production and operation.
Yang Fuming, a technician of Chongzhou State Reserve Company, was appointed as the production manager by the board of directors, and signed an agreement with the production manager on labor remuneration payment and income expectation. According to the agreement, in 20 10, the yield of selenium-enriched rice planted in Da Chun is 800 Jin per mu, and the production cost per mu is controlled within 5 10 yuan, and the over-production and short-production are rewarded and paid 50% respectively.
Implement the "three unified purchases" of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides and the "four unified purchases" of machine tillage, machine prevention, machine harvesting and field management.
Third, the way of interest connection.
At the end of the year, the net operating income is distributed in shares according to the ratio of 9: 1, that is, 90% of the income is used for land share dividends, and 10% of the income is used as provident fund, risk fund and working capital.
joint-stock company
The second mode: land joint-stock company
Qionglai Tang Ying agriculture co., ltd
The company was established in June 2005, located in Tang Ying Village, Yang 'an Town, Qionglai City. The company's existing share capital is contributed by Qionglai Xingnong Investment Company10.9 million yuan (accounting for 50% of the shares), and the village collectively owns 60 mu of land, and 823 farmers jointly own 20 10 mu of contracted land (accounting for 50% of the shares). Hu Guiquan, the legal representative of the company, is the secretary of Tang Ying Village Branch.
I. Organizational form
In 2005, 506 farmers in Tang Ying Village voluntarily established Tang Ying Agricultural Co., Ltd. by way of land contractual management right, with an initial share of 1.060 mu of land.
In 2007, the company implemented capital increase and share expansion, with farmers taking the right to contracted management of land as shares, and village collectives taking 60 mu of cultivated land for land consolidation as shares. The number of farmers who have invested in shares has expanded to 823, and the land they have invested in has reached 2070 mu.
The company has formulated and improved its articles of association and financial revenue and expenditure system, established a general meeting of shareholders, and elected a board of directors and a board of supervisors by shareholders.
The board of directors is responsible for the unified organization of the company's production and operation, and the town finance office supervises the company's finances. The company implements the reimbursement system, regularly discloses its financial affairs and accepts the supervision of the board of supervisors.
Second, the operating mechanism.
The company operates according to the modern enterprise management mode, implements the management and operation mechanism of professional managers, and determines a project leader for each project.
Separation of production and marketing, employment piece-rate system.
The number of fixed management personnel is less than 10, which mainly attracts farmers who have invested in the company, villagers in the village and surrounding farmers to participate in the company's production and operation.
Unified organization of production. Of the 2070 mu of land, 130 mu was sublet to four owners to develop aquaculture, and 400 mu was sublet to 1 owners to develop Chinese herbal medicine production. The rest of the land is produced by the company's own cultivation and breeding industry, including standardized pig farms (20 mu), vegetable greenhouses (60 mu) and edible fungi greenhouses (50 mu). The company's main production and operation projects include watermelon, seasonal vegetables, rice, pigs and so on. , all implement the project responsibility system, and professional management personnel are responsible for project management and accounting according to the project.
Unified product brand. Our products have registered "Tang Ying" brand trademark.
Unified marketing. Direct docking with large wholesale markets, wholesalers and leading processing enterprises has solved the product marketing problem. The "crispy" watermelon produced by the company is connected with Chengdu fruit wholesale market and set up a sales point; All kinds of seasonal vegetables produced are directly sold by enterprises and fixed wholesalers in Yang 'an Industrial Park. The edible fungi produced are sold by combining fresh sales with primary processing; Breeding pigs implement the system of "guaranteed purchase" with leading enterprises, which are purchased by leading enterprises of pigs.
Third, the way of interest connection.
Before 2008, the company implemented "guaranteed bottom+dividend" for the land it invested, and the guaranteed bottom income per mu of land was 800 kg in Huanggu. After deducting the guarantee fee, half of the company's net operating profit is reserved for the company's reproduction funds, and the other half is distributed to shareholders in the form of share dividends.
Since 2009, the company no longer provides guarantee for the land it invests in. Half of the annual operating profit is reserved for the company's reproduction funds, and the other half is divided into shares.
The dividend income of Qionglai Xingnong Investment Co., Ltd. is retained by Tang Ying Village Collective, and the equity of Qionglai Xingnong Company is repurchased at the original price after the development of Tang Ying Village Collective Economic Organization.
Real estate bank
The third mode: "land bank"
Pengzhou ci feng Huang Zhen cheng agriculture resources management cooperative
The cooperative is located in Huangcheng Village, Cifeng Town, Pengzhou City. It is the first "land bank" in Chengdu, which was established on February 22, 2008 on the basis of the bank's business philosophy. There are 265 households with 965 mu of land (shares) and 965 mu of land (loans).
I. Organizational form
According to the principle of voluntary compensation, farmers set up "Huangcheng Agricultural Resources Management Cooperative" by "depositing" the contracted management right of land. Because it is in accordance with the bank's operation mode, the land contractual management right is centralized "deposit and loan" operation, which is vividly called "land bank".
Second, the operating mechanism.
"Land Bank" will "pre-store" farmers' land contractual management rights according to demand, and lend them to powerful leading enterprises or business households for scale operation and development of characteristic industries.
Third, the way of interest connection.
Once the farmers' land contractual management right is deposited in the land bank, it will generate stable interest income, and 50% of the profits earned by the land bank will be distributed for the second time according to the deposit area of farmers.
Lease management
The fourth mode: owner leasing operation.
Chengdu Longquan Huimin strawberry cooperative
The cooperative is located in Sancun, Huang Tu Town, Longquanyi District, and was established on April 25th, 2007. Cooperative members 168 people, develop pollution-free strawberry production base 1000 mu.
I. Organizational form
Longquan Huimin Strawberry Cooperative was initially led by Sancun Party Branch, and 18 large growers raised 280,000 yuan in the form of stock cooperation. The cooperative leased 1000 yuan/mu of land to develop strawberry cultivation.
Second, the operating mechanism.
Cooperatives adopt uniform production regulations to manage strawberry production.
Implement the "six unification" management and operation mode, that is, uniformly introduce new technologies and new varieties; Unified technical guidance and services; Provide production technology information, market information and economic information in a unified way; Unified procurement and supply of means of production for farmers; Uniform quality and packaging; Unified acquisition and sales.
200 yuan is the subsidy fund for farmers in the base to plant strawberries per 1 mu.
The cooperative registered the "Fang Hao" brand strawberry trademark, which was selected as one of the "Top Ten" local famous brand products in Longquanyi District.
The base has successfully passed the national pollution-free agricultural product base and product certification, and is the direct strawberry picking base of Chengdu Carrefour Co., Ltd.
Third, the way of interest connection.
Members of cooperative organizations carry out cooperation in labor services, technology, capital and marketing, and pay dividends according to their shares.
Small area owner
The fifth mode: "big park+small owner"
Xinjin Liujiang Vegetable Industry Demonstration Zone
The demonstration park is located in Puxing Town, Xinjin County, and it is one of the modern agricultural demonstration parks that started construction in 2008. The planned area of the park is 32,000 mu, involving 2 villages and 7,648 farmers. The park has a built-up area of 23,000 mu.
I. Organizational form
Adopt the mode of "park+professional organization+family moderate scale operation" for construction.
Guided by the government, unified planning, unified management and unified construction will be implemented in infrastructure, brand building and public service management.
Under the two-tier management system of unification and separation, according to the principle of moderate scale operation, with professional organizations as the link and farmers as the main body, moderate scale operation is implemented.
Second, the operating mechanism.
Establish a park management Committee. The CMC is jointly established by Xinjin County Coordinating Committee, Agricultural Development Bureau and Puxing Town Government. The CMC is responsible for coordinating and promoting the industrial planning, infrastructure, production technical services, marketing and system construction of the park. The government * * * invested more than RMB1000000 to renovate and build ditches and roads in the park, which improved the planning and construction quality and image of the park.
Establish farmers' professional cooperatives. From June, 5438 to October, 2008, Liujiang Vegetable Cooperative was established by 9 people, including Liujiang Village, a major vegetable grower and seller, mainly engaged in the production, purchase and sale of vegetables. The cooperative has more than 300 members.
Carry out six unifications. Unified infrastructure construction, unified production materials supply, unified production standards, unified technical guidance, unified brand creation and trademark registration, and unified marketing.
Implement the production and planting mode of "vegetable-rice-vegetable". Da Chun pays attention to grain to ensure stability, while Koharu pays attention to money to ensure income increase.
Third, the way of interest connection.
With the cooperative as the link, the park adopts the way of unification and separation to organize the farmers who are in their own way and realize the centralized and intensive scale operation of vegetable production. Taking professional cooperatives as the link and unified market expansion as the interest linkage mechanism to drive farmers to increase their income.
12 policy interpretation
On the basis of unchanged land contracting rights, farmers transfer their land to a third party for operation under certain conditions.
Rural land circulation
With regard to rural land circulation, the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Document 20 13 Central Committee 1 specifically issued policies: strengthening the management and service of land contractual management right circulation, and establishing and improving the land contractual management right circulation market.
In accordance with the principles of legality, voluntariness and compensation, farmers are allowed to transfer contracted land management rights in the form of subcontracting, leasing, exchange, transfer and joint-stock cooperation, and develop various forms of moderate scale operation. Where conditions permit, large professional households, family farms, farmers' professional cooperatives and other large-scale business entities can be developed.
To understand the central government's policy on rural land circulation, we must first understand what rural land circulation is. Rural land circulation is actually a popular and omitted statement, and its full name should be called rural land contractual management right circulation. That is, under certain conditions, farmers transfer part or all of their contracted village collective land to a third party for operation on the basis of unchanged land contracting rights. Beishan Town has transferred farms to scale operation through rural land flow, while farmers have 325 kilograms of rations per mu without farming, and they also work to earn wages.
Like the household contract responsibility system, rural land circulation is also created by farmers themselves. In the past 30 years of rural reform, through two rounds of land contracting, 95% of farmers in our province have contracted land and 97% of cultivated land has been contracted to households.
However, with the development of the situation, some new situations have emerged in the two-tier management system of unification and separation. In terms of "segmentation", farmers' market dominant position is very fragile and does not meet the requirements of developing modern agriculture; From the perspective of "unification", the collective economy has mostly become an "empty shell", the original rural service system is not suitable, the new service system is not perfect, and it is difficult for small-scale production of thousands of households to adapt to the rapidly changing big market.
In some places with a large population and little land, the contradiction between people and land is becoming increasingly prominent, and farmers and industrial and commercial enterprises willing to operate land urgently need land to expand their business scale. As a result, farmers in some places spontaneously carried out land transfer through exchange, subcontracting and transfer. By the end of 2008, the rural land transfer area in our province was 7.257 million mu, accounting for 14.9% of the total cultivated land area.
Practice has proved that rural land circulation not only alleviates the contradiction between people and land, but also promotes agricultural scale operation, which is a good way to improve the comparative benefit of agriculture. The central government respects the initiative of farmers, enthusiastically supports the new thing of land circulation, and proposes to standardize the circulation of land contractual management rights in accordance with the requirements of improving management and strengthening services.
The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee proposed to keep the existing land in contract relationship stable and unchanged for a long time, so as to give farmers more adequate and secure land contractual management rights.
Document 20 13 Central Committee 1 also stipulates that rural land transfer shall not change the nature of land collective ownership, change land use or damage farmers' land contractual rights and interests. In other words, after the transfer of rural land, it is equivalent to "separation of three powers": the management right belongs to the transferee, the contracting right still belongs to the contracted farmers, and the ownership still belongs to the collective. After the land is transferred, it can only be used for the development of agriculture, not for real estate development and other purposes; Farmers enjoy the rights and interests of land transfer rent and share dividends according to law. This also reflects the central government's goal of earnestly safeguarding farmers' rights and interests.
Liberate a large number of farmers from the land and transfer them to the secondary and tertiary industries, thus expanding the scale of agricultural production and operation.
From the practical point of view, rural land circulation is a new measure to promote modern agriculture.
As we all know, the efficiency of agriculture, especially grain production, is relatively low, and the income of farmers has increased slightly. The apparent reason is that the price of agricultural products is not high; The deeper reason is that the scale of agricultural operation is too small.
There is a huge group of farmers in our province, and the per capita arable land is only 0.84 mu. It is no problem to have enough to eat, but it is impossible to get rich by 0.84 mu of arable land. To solve the problem of low efficiency, it is necessary to liberate a large number of farmers from the land and transfer them to the secondary and tertiary industries through rural land circulation, thus expanding the scale of agricultural production and operation. Under the condition that the numerator of the total cultivated land remains unchanged, if the denominator of farmers is greatly reduced, the profit quotient will be greatly improved.
According to the provincial plan, by 2020, the urbanization rate will reach 55%. By then, the total rural population will be reduced to about 35 million. If 6.5438+million laborers are transferred, then the number of people really engaged in agriculture will be controlled within 25 million, the per capita cultivated land area will reach 2.5 mu, and each laborer will cultivate about 654.38+00 mu on average, which is the benefit of scale management.
In this process, rural land circulation will be a crucial link. Take St. Yiyuan Farm as an example. After completing the capital accumulation of construction and real estate development, the investment boss Zhou decided to invest 500 million yuan to build a modern farm. According to his plan: after the land is leveled, thousands of ridges will be leveled and the cultivated land area will be expanded by about15%; Relying on agricultural scientific research units in the province, scientifically planting and raising, and increasing benefits; Expand the reservoir and develop three-dimensional aquaculture on the water surface; According to the functional zoning, ten thousand mu of unified varieties, unified farming, planting high-grade and high-quality rice, and developing organic rice; Planting rape on sloping land and developing sightseeing and leisure "farmhouse music". [3]
Xinhuanet Beijing 165438+ 10 15 "The Central Committee's Decision on Comprehensively Deepening Reform" was released today. The "Decision" pointed out that it is necessary to establish a unified urban and rural construction land market.
Establish a unified urban and rural construction land market. Under the premise of meeting the planning and use control, the rural collective management construction land is allowed to be sold, leased and invested, and the same market entry, rights and prices as state-owned land are implemented. Narrow the scope of land acquisition, standardize the procedures of land acquisition, and improve the reasonable, standardized and diversified security mechanism for landless farmers. Expand the scope of paid use of state-owned land and reduce the allocation of non-public land. Establish a land value-added income distribution mechanism that takes into account the state, the collective and the individual, and reasonably increase personal income. Improve the secondary market of land lease, transfer and mortgage. [7]
The State Council held a press conference on the morning of 6th 10 to introduce the situation of increasing grain production and farmers' income in China. Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu said at the press conference that people are more concerned about allowing rural collective construction land to enter the market. There are three qualifiers here: first, it is the collectively-operated construction land, not the collectively-owned construction land, because there are public welfare construction land and homestead in rural areas, not other cultivated land besides the original construction land. This is a qualifier. The second is in line with the plan. Even if the land use right is obtained, everything built must conform to the plan. The third is to use control. Generally speaking, only rural collective construction land is allowed to enter the market, and it can only be sold, leased or invested on the premise of meeting the planning and use control. This does not mean that all rural construction land can enter the market freely. What I understand is that even collective construction land must be confirmed accurately first and cannot be transferred without a license. It is also necessary to standardize the operation of the open market and not give and receive in private, so it is necessary to carry out a pilot project and not push it off.