Copy

1.copy

2. The meaning of "reproduction"--from the "reproduction" in the "Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property" Translated.

Article 13, Paragraph 1 of the Trademark Law clearly stipulates: “A trademark applied for registration on identical or similar goods is a copy, imitation, or translation of someone else’s well-known trademark that has not been registered in China, which is likely to cause confusion. , shall not be registered and shall not be used. ”

As long as a trademark prohibited from registration is copied from a well-known trademark, it will be prohibited from registration if it is likely to cause confusion. Copying only needs to prove that the two are identical, and there is no requirement to prove that the prohibited trademark is copied from a well-known trademark. This reduces the burden of proof on the owner of the well-known trademark and is conducive to the protection of well-known trademarks.

It should be noted that both the English "reproduction" and the Chinese "copy" are different from the other pair of words "copy" and "plagiarism". "Reproduction" and "copying" can be concluded simply by comparing the two trademarks, although the prohibited trademark may have other origins. For plagiarism, it is usually necessary to prove that the trademark that is prohibited from registration is copied from a well-known trademark, and there are no other channels for plagiarism. Then it is easy for the trademark that is prohibited from registration to prove that its trademark is copied from other channels and does not plagiarize the well-known trademark. Trademark to avoid accusations of plagiarism.

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Reproduction

reproduction

Carry out scientific restoration and production based on the original artwork. It is a comprehensive scientific and technical work. The purpose of copying is: 1. To protect those authentic treasures that have high artistic value or historical value, are frequently used and are easily damaged, and replace the original works with replicas that are sufficiently accurate to be displayed or used, so that the original works can be properly preserved. ②In case the original work is damaged, the copy can also become a valuable reference material. The principle of copying must be faithful to the original work, which is different from imitation and counterfeiting. Imitation mainly imitates the artistic style and expression techniques of the original work, and does not adhere to the authenticity of the brush strokes, and there are no strict requirements in terms of size, material, shape, etc.; forgery can be separated from the original work, changed at will, or even completely fabricated out of thin air. Copying must be based on the original and cannot be made subjectively. Its shape, size, content, lines, patterns, colors, styles, features, and even damage and stains must be loyal to the original, and no additions, deletions, or changes may be made at will. The materials and processes must also be as consistent as the original as much as possible. If substitute materials are chosen, the texture must be guaranteed. Similarly, when using new production technology, quality and authenticity should be ensured; in order to avoid mixing true and false, the replica logo should be marked after the replica is made; high-level replicas should also convey the charm of the original work.

China has a long artistic tradition and a long history of art reproduction. Many precious calligraphy and painting relics were originally copied out of the need for protection, appreciation, and dissemination. For example, Wang Xizhi's "Preface to Orchid Pavilion" of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was copied with double-hook ink in the Tang Dynasty, Gu Kaizhi's "Ode to the Goddess of Luo" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was copied in the Song Dynasty, and Zhang Xuan's "Spring Outing of the Lady of Guo State" in the Tang Dynasty are all exquisite reproductions. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the development of the commodity economy, imitation and counterfeiting became prevalent. Among them, there were many copies that were faithful to the original works. Although they were not complete copies, they still had the nature of copying. By the 20th century, cultural relics, museums, and archaeological undertakings gradually developed, and replication officially became an independent scientific and technological project.

Due to the wide variety of art works, the reproduction methods are also different. As for the main categories of calligraphy, painting, and bronze works, each category has multiple methods. The copying methods of calligraphy and painting include: ① Manual copying method, that is, manual sketching and tracing based on the original work or photo. This method is mostly used in fine brushwork and heavy-color paintings. ②Photographic reproduction method: take the original large plate of the original work, print it on paper or silk coated with photosensitive material, and then perform appropriate manual processing. It is suitable for ink painting and calligraphy. ③ The Colo printing method, which uses a finer Colo printing plate for photographic reproduction, is suitable for calligraphy and painting with many changes in brushstrokes and rich ink levels, but the size is different from the original work.

④Woodblock watermarking method, that is, manual drafting, block engraving, and dozens of color overprints are compared with the original work. It can achieve a realistic level and is mostly used for precious meticulous and heavy-color works. The main methods for replicating bronze works are: ① The traditional plaster mold casting method, that is, using the original object as a model, making a mold with plaster, melting the raw materials and casting the blank, and then cleaning, polishing, corrosion, carving, coloring, aging and other processing. ② The new silicone rubber mold casting method uses silicone rubber to make molds and pours them with new synthetic substitutes. The replicas produced have detailed patterns and precise shapes. Other art reproductions, such as sculptures, ceramics, jade crafts, etc., mostly use traditional methods. As a special craft technology, art reproduction requires not only superb skills and rich work experience, but also corresponding historical knowledge and artistic accomplishment, so as to produce replicas that are both physical and spiritual.

Download

Download (DownLoad), often referred to as "Down", inputs information from the Internet or other electronic computers to a certain electronic computer (as opposed to 'uploading' ). That is, downloading software, pictures, music, text, etc. saved on the server to the local machine.

Broadly speaking, any content you see on the screen that does not belong to your local computer is obtained through "downloading". In a narrow sense, people only consider operations that customize the local disk storage location of downloaded files to be "downloads."

All major domestic portal websites and IT information stations have download channels. In addition, there are some professional download stations such as: Huajun Software Park Sky Software Station Pacific Download Center

Many software download stations will use the word "down" in the website domain name to indicate their "download station" function. Nature, such as Huajun Software Park (www.newhua.com), Pacific Download Center (www.pconline.com.cn/download/), etc.

The more famous download software is as follows:

Netants (Network Ant) - a domestic old brand, gradually falling out of favor

Flashget (Internet Express) - classic King, the world’s number one

Net Transport (network conveyor belt) - the first domestic audio and video streaming media download

Thunder (Thunder) - a rising star, full of domineering

BitComet (Bit Comet) - the king of BT downloads

The antonym of "download" is "upload"

Friendly reminder: After downloading, be sure to use anti-virus software first Antivirus, otherwise the system will be easily poisoned. To download software, go to authoritative download websites and try not to download from small websites.