China is in the stage of deepening urbanization. According to statistics, the construction area of newly-built houses exceeds 2 billion square meters every year, but most of them are reinforced concrete buildings, which are generally built by traditional cast-in-place methods. This extensive construction method consumes a lot of energy and resources, has low production efficiency, is highly dependent on labor, and it is difficult to guarantee the building performance and quality. Therefore, the transformation and upgrading of traditional architectural methods is imperative.
Prefabricated architecture is not a brand-new topic, but the historical evolution of China's building industrialization and the development direction that China's construction industry has been advocating. In May 1956, the State Council issued the "Decision on Strengthening and Developing Building Industrialization", which put forward the requirements of design standardization, production industrialization and construction mechanization. In 1978, the former State Construction Committee proposed to focus on "three transformations and one reform" (wall reform) to develop building industrialization; In 1999, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Promoting the Modernization of Housing Industry and Improving the Quality of Housing", which systematically put forward the objectives and tasks of promoting the modernization of housing industry; In July 214, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued "Several Opinions on Promoting the Reform and Development of the Construction Industry", which clearly put forward "making overall plans for the development goals and paths of the modernization of the construction industry and actively and steadily promoting the modernization of the construction industry"; In February 216, the State Council promulgated the Opinions on Further Strengthening the Management of Urban Planning and Construction, which clearly put forward the requirements of developing new construction methods and vigorously promoting prefabricated buildings; In September 216, the General Office of the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings, which clearly put forward the general requirements, eight key tasks and related measures for developing prefabricated buildings; In March 217, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the 13th Five-Year Plan of Action for Assembled Buildings, the Measures for the Administration of Assembled Building Demonstration Cities and the Measures for the Administration of Assembled Building Industrial Bases, further clarifying the phased work objectives, implementing key tasks, strengthening safeguard measures and promoting the all-round development of assembled buildings.
prefabricated buildings, in short, are prefabricated components produced in the factory and assembled at the construction site. Its core is the transformation of production mode: a large number of field operations under the traditional construction mode are transferred to factory processing, prefabricated parts and components are assembled at the construction site, manual operation is changed into mechanical operation, and the extensive and piecemeal construction management mode is changed into general contracting. It represents the technological innovation, product innovation, management innovation and transformation and upgrading of the industry; Represents system engineering and the coverage of the whole industrial chain; It also represents the improvement of building quality, performance and production efficiency.
ii. policies and measures for the development of prefabricated buildings
in order to encourage all localities to carry out the practice of prefabricated buildings, the Ministry of housing and urban-rural development has included the scientific research and development projects and demonstration projects of prefabricated buildings in the annual scientific and technological plan projects. Scientific research and development related projects include assembled building theory, design technology, efficient construction technology system, evaluation and monitoring methods, industrialization technology and equipment, etc. Science and technology demonstration projects include the construction of engineering projects and pilot demonstration projects for the production of standardized and industrialized parts and components, focusing on assembled concrete buildings, steel structures, wood structures and other assembled construction methods.
in p>216, it was listed in ***119 assembled building demonstration projects of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, including 41 assembled concrete structures, 19 assembled steel structures, 4 assembled wood structures, 54 parts and components production projects and 1 assembled building equipment project.
according to incomplete statistics, more than 3 provinces and cities across the country have issued special guidance or supporting measures on prefabricated buildings, which put forward clear development requirements for prefabricated buildings.
1. Beijing
In January 217, the General Office of the Beijing Municipal People's Government issued the Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Prefabricated Buildings (Beijing Zhengban Fa [217] No.8). By 22, Beijing will achieve the goal that the proportion of prefabricated buildings in new buildings will reach more than 3%, making prefabricated construction one of the important construction methods.
All three types of projects adopt prefabricated buildings: (1) affordable housing in Beijing and new buildings invested by the government; (2) Commercial housing development projects that have obtained the right to use state-owned land with the above-ground building scale of 5, square meters or more in Chengliu District and Tongzhou District through bidding, auction and hanging; (3) Commercial housing development projects with state-owned land use rights with a floor area of 1, square meters or more obtained in other districts and Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone.
increase policy support. Implement support policies such as area calculation, area reward, financial fund reward, tax preference, house pre-sale, scientific research, financial credit and evaluation support.
2. Shanghai
In September 216, the Shanghai Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Management Committee issued the Notice on the Development Plan of Shanghai Prefabricated Buildings in 216-22 (Hujian Building Materials [216] No.74). Put forward the construction goal, demonstration goal and productivity goal of prefabricated buildings. Encourage active research on the application of steel structure, steel-concrete structure and wood structure system.
construction goal: during the 13th five-year plan period, the newly-built buildings that meet the requirements in the whole city will adopt prefabricated buildings in principle. The monomer prefabrication rate of prefabricated buildings in the city has reached over 4% or the assembly rate has reached over 6%. 1% of newly-built commercial housing, public rental housing and low-rent housing projects with prefabricated buildings within the outer ring road are fully renovated, realizing simultaneous decoration and prefabrication of decoration parts and components.
demonstration goal: to build a national comprehensive demonstration city for housing industry modernization during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Cultivate and form 2-3 national demonstration bases for building industrialization, form a number of key core technologies and complete sets of technologies that have reached the international advanced level, cultivate a number of leading enterprises, and build an industrial alliance for building industrialization with national influence.
production capacity target: during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the annual production capacity of the factory assembly line of prefabricated buildings in Shanghai will be no less than 5 million square meters.
3. Tianjin
In July 217, the General Office of Tianjin Municipal People's Government issued the Notice on Vigorously Developing the Implementation Plan of Prefabricated Buildings (Jian Zheng Ban Han [217] No.66). Put forward the three-stage work goal and carry out the pilot project construction of modern wood structure.
pilot demonstration period (before the end of 217). Government investment projects, affordable housing and public buildings of 5, square meters and above should adopt prefabricated buildings, and the proportion of newly-built commercial houses with a construction area of 1, square meters and above should not be less than 3% of the total area.
pilot promotion period (218-22). The newly-built public buildings should all adopt prefabricated buildings if they meet the conditions, and all the commercial houses in the central city, the core area of Binhai New Area and Sino-Singapore Eco-city should adopt prefabricated buildings; The proportion of fully renovated affordable housing and commercial housing with prefabricated buildings has reached 1%.
popularization period (221-225). All the new state-owned construction land projects in the city have the conditions to adopt prefabricated buildings.
increase policy support. Strengthen the support of scientific and technological innovation, implement the construction area reward, increase the financial and tax support, and strengthen the industry support and transportation guarantee.
4. Hebei
In January 217, the General Office of the People's Government of Hebei Province issued the Implementation Opinions on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings (Ji Zheng Ban Zi [217] No.3). This paper puts forward the working goal of the development of prefabricated buildings: strive to make the proportion of prefabricated buildings in the whole province reach more than 3% in the newly-built building area in about 1 years, form a market mechanism and environment adapted to the development of prefabricated buildings, establish a perfect regulation, standard and supervision system, and cultivate a large number of large-scale production enterprises of design, construction, parts and components, general contracting enterprises with modern assembly and construction technology level and specialized skill teams corresponding to it. Zhangjiakou, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Baoding, Handan, Cangzhou and counties (cities, districts) around Beijing and Tianjin took the lead in development, while other cities and counties accelerated their development.
increase policy support: land use support, financial support, preferential tax and fee support, financial support, industry guidance and optimization of development environment.
5. Zhejiang
In September 216, the General Office of the People's Government of Zhejiang Province issued the Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Development of Green Building and Building Industrialization (Zhejiang Zhengban Fa [216] No.111). It is required to improve the coverage of prefabricated buildings, fully apply prefabricated technology to government-invested projects, and fully implement prefabricated construction for affordable housing projects.
In p>216, the prefabricated building area of new projects in the province reached more than 8 million square meters, of which the area of prefabricated houses and public buildings (excluding venue buildings) reached more than 3 million square meters; From January 1, 217, all new projects on the land transferred or allocated by Hangzhou, Ningbo and Shaoxing downtown will be fabricated; By 22, the proportion of prefabricated buildings in new buildings will reach 3%. Realize full decoration and full coverage of new residential buildings. From October 1, 216, all newly-built houses on the land transferred or allocated by cities and counties in the province will be fully renovated and delivered, and the houses under construction will be encouraged to actively implement full renovation.
At present, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Zhoushan, Taizhou, Lishui and other places in Zhejiang Province have formulated and issued policy documents to promote prefabricated buildings.
6. Jiangsu
In April, 216, the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Department of Jiangsu Province issued the Interim Opinions on Bidding Activities of Prefabricated Building (Concrete Structure) Project (Su Jian Gui Zi [216] No.1) and Interim Opinions on Bidding Activities of Prefabricated Building (Steel Structure, Wood Structure) Project, and put forward specific measures to promote the healthy development of prefabricated housing construction projects.
In December p>216, Jiangsu Provincial Housing and Construction Department and other five departments issued the Notice on Accelerating the Popularization and Application of "Three Boards" (draft for comments), which promoted the application of internal and external wallboard, precast stair slabs and precast floor slabs in new construction projects. Accelerate the adoption of mature technologies for prefabricated buildings and actively and steadily promote the modernization of the construction industry.
Jiangsu Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has promulgated a series of technical policies to ensure the implementation of prefabricated buildings, such as Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Prefabricated Structures, Detailed Rules for Calculation of Prefabricated Assembly Rate of Prefabricated Buildings in Jiangsu Province (Trial), Prefabricated Concrete Construction Project Quota in Jiangsu Province (Trial), and Guidelines for Examination of Construction Drawings of Prefabricated Buildings (Concrete Structures) in Jiangsu Province issued by Jiangsu Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.
The announcement of land transfer by the Ministry of Land and Resources requires mandatory use of prefabricated buildings.
7. Guangdong
In April 217, the General Office of the People's Government of Guangdong Province issued the "Implementation Opinions on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings" (Yuefuban [217] No.28) to vigorously develop prefabricated buildings, promote the innovation of construction methods and promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.
To list the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration as a key promotion area, it is required that by the end of 22, prefabricated buildings will account for more than 15% of the newly-built construction area, of which the prefabricated construction area of government-invested projects will account for more than 5%; By the end of 225, prefabricated buildings will account for more than 35% of the new construction area, of which the prefabricated construction area of government-invested projects will account for more than 7%.
The prefecture-level downtown areas in eastern, western and eastern Guangdong with a permanent population of more than 3 million will be listed as actively promoted areas, and it is required that by the end of 22, prefabricated buildings will account for more than 15% of the newly-built construction area, of which the prefabricated construction area of government-invested projects will account for more than 3%; By the end of 225, prefabricated buildings will account for more than 3% of the new construction area, of which the prefabricated construction area of government-invested projects will account for more than 5%.
In order to encourage the promotion of other areas in the province, it is required that by the end of 22, the proportion of prefabricated buildings in new construction area will reach more than 1%, of which the proportion of prefabricated buildings in government-invested projects will reach more than 3%; By the end of 225, prefabricated buildings will account for more than 2% of the new construction area, of which the prefabricated construction area of government-invested projects will account for more than 5%.
8. Shenzhen
In June 216, Shenzhen Housing and Construction Bureau issued the Notice on Accelerating the Promotion of Prefabricated Buildings (Shenjian Keke [216] No.22) and the Guiding Rules for EPC Project General Contracting Bidding. Put forward the projects that should implement prefabricated buildings: (1) Newly-sold residential land projects; (2) Independently built affordable housing projects included in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" (including shantytown renovation and urban renewal). Priority is given to the implementation of prefabricated buildings: public buildings such as schools, hospitals and nursing homes invested by the government, and key areas such as Shenzhen North Railway Station Business Center, Pingshan Center, Baoan Center, International Low-carbon City and Universiade New City.
waiving or deferring the special fund for deferrable new wall materials; Construction drawing review institutions can not carry out special review of green buildings, and for prefabricated construction projects built according to high standards, with prefabrication rate reaching 4% and assembly rate reaching 6% or above, when participating in the evaluation of green buildings in the city, they can raise a level on the basis of the current standard evaluation level; Focus on supporting prefabricated buildings and BIM applications in the municipal building energy-saving development funds.
support the qualified demonstration projects, R&D centers, key laboratories and public * * * technology platforms, with the maximum amount of single support not exceeding 2 million yuan.
9. Shandong
In December 216, the Housing and Construction Department of Shandong Province and the Development and Reform Commission of Shandong Province issued the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Green Buildings and Building Energy Efficiency in Shandong Province (216-22), which clearly stated that it is necessary to vigorously promote the development of prefabricated buildings, vigorously develop prefabricated concrete buildings and steel structure buildings, and actively advocate the development of modern wood structure buildings. By the end of the planning period, prefabricated buildings in cities with districts and counties will account for new buildings.
In January, 217, the General Office of Shandong Provincial Government issued the Implementation Opinions of the General Office of Shandong Provincial People's Government on Implementing Document No.71 of the State Council [216] (No.28 of Lu Zhengban [217]), proposing that in 217, projects such as newly-built public rental houses, shantytown renovation and resettlement housing should be fully implemented, and government investment projects should use assembly technology. By 22, establish and improve the technology, standards and supervision system to adapt to the development of prefabricated buildings. The proportion of prefabricated buildings in Jinan and Qingdao will reach more than 3%, and other cities with districts and counties (cities) will reach more than 25% and 15% respectively. By 225, prefabricated buildings in the province will account for more than 4% of new buildings, forming a number of prefabricated construction industrial clusters with advantageous enterprises as the core and covering the whole industrial chain.
1. Anhui
In December 216, the General Office of the Anhui Provincial Government issued the Notice on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings (No.24 [216] of Anhui Zhengban), proposing to vigorously develop prefabricated concrete structures and steel structures, and to develop modern wooden buildings according to local conditions. By 22, the assembly-type construction capacity will be greatly improved, and we will strive for assembly-type construction.