Four dimensions of supply chain
1. suppliers: suppliers are divided into finished product suppliers, raw material suppliers and auxiliary materials suppliers;
Second, warehousing management: rational management of goods, management of multiple racks and warehouses, and warehousing management;
Third, logistics management: cash on delivery management of automatic delivery system of other logistics management;
Fourth, electronic informationization: order management, logistics process supervision, scientific management of goods, safety inventory, etc.
provider
In the first article, we made a detailed explanation from the perspective of suppliers, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of JD.COM and Taobao.
There are several modes of suppliers in JD.COM. COM: FBP, LBP, SOP and SOPL. What are the differences and characteristics of these models?
Merchants in FBP-LBP cooperation mode must be qualified as general taxpayers and need to issue VAT invoices to JD.COM (note: not ordinary invoices). The key point here is value-added tax. I think all financial-conscious e-commerce friends know what benefits value-added tax can bring to enterprises. If you are ready to go public at the beginning, the requirements for it must be quite high.
SOP and SOPL merchants do not need to issue VAT invoices to JD.COM.
Then why does JD.COM allow SOP and SOPL to exist without VAT? Actually, this is the product of JD.COM. COM's desire for scale and market share.
Besides this permanent cooperative supplier, what other suppliers do they have in JD.COM? In fact, customized, clearance, roasted seeds and nuts suppliers also exist in some way, that is, buying mobile phones.
Having said that, in fact, there are two modes of cooperation in JD.COM. One is the supply system, that is, how much your products are supplied to JD.COM, and JD.COM will settle with you after selling them (JD.COM1year ago focused on this model); Another is that the seller opens a shop in JD.COM, and JD.COM charges a certain service fee and commission.
JD.COM announced the contact email addresses of various businesses on the Internet in the investment announcement, which actually shows that JD.COM hopes to reach cooperation with more suppliers. In fact, the number of high-quality suppliers can determine how far this enterprise can go. If there are 1 0,000 high-quality suppliers on the XX platform, each supplier's inventory on the XX platform is 1 0,000, the monthly sales volume is about 200,000, and the settlement period is 30 days, the available space of funds on this XX platform can be calculated, that is to say, this platform has 2 billion liquidity and one has 2 billion liquidity.
How many core suppliers are there in JD.COM? If maybe a few years ago, JD.COM needed to support a certain supplier to make a big deal, then today he should have pricing power, and he will strive for profit space among suppliers. Although the profit margin of 3C premium products is not very large, there are also many. Because of the large base, JD.COM will rely on the management of suppliers to obtain some funds for the platform, and at the same time bring a lot of liquidity to the platform. As we all know, shopping malls and other large platforms and suppliers can do it once a month, and the payment to be settled in that month will always be delayed to next month and next month because of such problems. In fact, this is just a means of platform capital operation. The above modes are mainly FBP and LBP cooperation modes.
Then why does JD.COM still need SOP and SOPL? In fact, these two modes are just a change in your choice of logistics. You may question, it is good to have FBP and LBP mode in JD.COM, why do you need SOP and SOPL? Here we have to talk about the management and operation costs of enterprises. Everyone has heard of China's saying: "One person becomes a dragon, three adults". In fact, it is not only China, but also any nation. Only in developed countries, because people's living standards are higher, there is no need to fight for trivial interests, and China has just solved the problem of food and clothing for several years. Although the cake is getting bigger and bigger, there are still countless people sharing it. At the same time, if there are too many people in an enterprise, there will be a series of problems such as inadequate management, high internal friction and low work efficiency. The most important issue is the cost of human resources. The maturity of China's laws is also a problem that enterprises need to consider, and e-commerce needs light assets.
Let's talk about the game between buyers and roasted seeds and nuts. These two methods are actually available in Taobao and JD.COM. Isn't there a saying that "e-commerce companies that are not for profit are hooligans"? How do JD.COM and Taobao manipulate them? For JD.COM who focuses on 3C, they have three means: buyout, roasted seeds and nuts and special price. Knowing friends may know the taste from these few words, so I won't say much. In fact, there are official shadows behind many XX treasures, which are means of exchanging goods for money.
Conversely, let's take a look at the supplier model of Taobao: the biggest cooperation model of Taobao is SOP (that is, individuals or enterprises come to Taobao to open stores), the second model is the (buyer) mechanism (mainly manifested as activities), and the third model is roasted seeds and nuts (this model is quite secret in Taobao). I didn't know the existence of this model until I found it.
Do you know what is the biggest crisis in Taobao now? That's a flaw in his model itself. The ancients said, "A gentleman does not stand under a dangerous wall". However, Taobao's SOP model itself is not rigorous, and many ways of cooperation between them are in considerable crisis, so there is a phenomenon that big C helps big B, because Taobao can't get the benefits he deserves from big C. Taobao made wedding dresses for many big C before, only to find his mistakes in retrospect, so he is now pressing big C to help big B, and then he finds that there is a problem in management, so big B is optimized again.
Some people say that the supply chain is the cash flow of enterprises. In fact, everyone can understand this sentence well. If your supply chain is excellent from the beginning, I can say that your operation will be less thoughtful and will be suitable for the assembly line mode of enterprise operation now. If you can be sure that all your products are provided by suppliers, and the products of suppliers are put in your warehouse, you will be given storage fees, then it will be difficult for you to make money.
That's enough about suppliers. There are many doorways in it. But generally, people are invited to board the boat first, and then tickets are collected slowly. This is the way everyone plays now.
warehousing management
It is undeniable that Amazon is the best warehouse management company among global e-commerce companies. We need to learn its warehouse management, reasonable arrangement of shelves and reasonable and scientific management of products. I will take Amazon as an example and analyze its advantages in order to bring us some inspiration.
PS: Amazon has many things that can suit us, but most of them can't be used by us. We need to learn to solve our warehouse problem flexibly.
From the above picture, we can see two key javelin: random shelving and automatic calculation. There are only a few words on this picture to express his system, but it is not easy for us to do this and a few words!
PS: For platforms with high sales rate, products like Amazon can be randomly placed on shelves. However, this method must be based on a sound information management system, and it is not recommended for platforms and small and medium-sized sellers without a sound product information management system.
This is Amazon's quick pick-up area, and the sales rate of the platform is very good. Active goods will be placed in the quick pick-up area.
Large cargo storage is divided into large boxes and shelves, and each large box has its own bar code and identification label. Now everyone has a better method for bulk goods, which is called two-and-a-half-layer placement method, that is, the shelf is divided into two layers, the upper layer is used to put the whole box of goods (safety inventory), the lower layer is the latest delivery layer, and the half layer is the product display and barcode area (but for those products with high sales rate, we generally don't use stacking heads on the shelf).
Packaging table, bar code, self-service sealing machine and weighing have all been verified in this assembly line.
In Amazon, sometimes the products of an order will be sent to you in different packages, which is caused by two problems. The two products are not in the same warehouse or warehouse, and the display space of the other product is too far, which will not affect the operation of the assembly line. At the same time, Amazon has its own logistics system, so there is no essential difference between the cost of one package and two packages.
So how do our small and medium-sized e-commerce enterprises manage their own warehouses?
I have a suggestion here. When you want to manage and optimize your warehouse reasonably, please go to large and medium-sized department stores to get a good understanding, and you will get a lot of inspiration.
Then you can go to the supermarket with four questions:
1: The placement of retail shelves (the distance between shelves and the direction of the store) was mentioned during the renovation of my first store.
2. You can carefully analyze the combination of products with high sales rate and routine daily necessities (daily fresh food, food, department stores).
3. The relationship between commodity display and department store warehouse
4. Product classification and label management (and mode stacking in department stores)
These are some components of the corresponding e-commerce warehouse, and the goods management of domestic department stores is definitely the teaching material of our current e-commerce teachers. As long as it is borrowed and optimized, it can be directly used by us.
Let's call it a day about the warehouse In fact, after managing the placement of goods, there are more important tasks such as goods in and out of the warehouse, daily delivery and packaging, but as long as you arrange goods reasonably and make the best plan, many problems will naturally be solved.
logistics management
What is the end of e-commerce? In fact, it is a service competition. To tell the truth, Taobao platform, Paipai platform and JD.COM platform have no innate advantages, but also have their own innate feet. However, when consumers become mature and the Internet is as popular as physical shopping, consumers' loyalty to the platform will decline. At this time, only service can make them loyal to you.
The only platform for face-to-face communication with consumers in e-commerce is logistics, which is a bridge between virtual and reality. For a large platform, the logistics system of self-built platform is the embodiment of its competitiveness, and it is also a social resource that cannot be underestimated. Rational utilization can bring good benefits to enterprises.
Here we mainly talk about how small and medium-sized enterprises-e-commerce companies without their own logistics companies use logistics as a tool. Especially those enterprises that have many stores offline and branches and warehouses all over the country, how to make use of existing resources? What is the end of e-commerce? In fact, it is a service competition. To tell the truth, Taobao platform, Paipai platform and JD.COM platform have no innate advantages, but also have their own innate feet. However, when consumers become mature and the Internet is as popular as physical shopping, consumers' loyalty to the platform will decline. At this time, only service can make them loyal to you.
The only platform for face-to-face communication with consumers in e-commerce is logistics, which is a bridge between virtual and reality. For a large platform, the logistics system of self-built platform is the embodiment of its competitiveness, and it is also a social resource that cannot be underestimated. Rational utilization can bring good benefits to enterprises.