Nanyang cattle is one of the top five breeds of cattle in the country. Its characteristics are mainly reflected in: tall body, strong and durable strength, fine meat, strong fragrance, obvious marble pattern and excellent cortex. The coat color of Nanyang cattle is divided into three types: yellow, red and grass white, with yellow being the main color. It also has excellent service performance, meat performance and adaptability.

In 1998, Nanyang cattle were among the first to be included in the "National Livestock and Poultry Breeds Protection List" by the Ministry of Agriculture. In 2002, they were registered as origin mark domain names by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision. Basic introduction Chinese name: Nanyang Cattle Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrates Class: Mammalia Subclass: Eutheria Order: Artiodactyla Suborder: Ruminantia Family: Bovidae : Bovine subfamily: Bovine genus: Bovine species: Bovine subspecies: Nanyang cattle Distribution area: Henan Related livestock: Nanyang black pig, Biyang donkey origin resources, development overview, raw material characteristics, main performance, draft performance, meat use Performance, development and cultivation, experimental improvement, history of cattle raising, origin resources The reason why Nanyang cattle is abundant in the Nanyang Basin and has become one of the five excellent cattle breeds in the country is due to the unique ecological location and natural resources of the Tang and Baihe river basins in the Nanyang Basin. The innate advantages are also inseparable from the hard work of Nanyang people for thousands of years. Nanyang cattle is a famous local cattle breed in my country. It is mainly distributed in the vast plain areas of Tanghe and Baihe basins in Nanyang City, Henan Province, including the suburbs of Nanyang City, Tanghe, Dengzhou, Xinye, Zhenping, Sheqi, and Fangcheng. Biyang and other eight counties and cities are the main production areas. In addition to several plain counties and cities in the Nanyang Basin, there are also many areas such as Zhoukou, Xuchang, Zhumadian, and Luohe. There are more than 2 million Nanyang cattle in Henan Province. Development Overview In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, our city established the country's first cattle breeding and scientific research institution to carry out systematic breeding and scientific research on Nanyang cattle. In the 1970s, it took the lead in popularizing artificial insemination technology for cattle in China, achieving a historic leap in the history of cattle breeding. In the 1980s, the company was the first to formulate, promulgate and implement the "Nanyang Cattle" national standard for local fine-bred cattle. At the same time, it applied strain breeding technology to Nanyang cattle breeding work. In the 1990s, it was first proposed in China to breed Nanyang cattle as my country's first specialized beef cattle breed to fill the gap in my country's beef cattle breeds. This project has been included in the national 948 projects and major provincial and municipal scientific and technological projects. In 1998, Nanyang cattle were among the first to be included in the National Livestock and Poultry Breeds List by the Ministry of Agriculture. In 2002, they were registered with the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine as an origin domain name. Nanyang cattle will be protected by 34 countries and regions in the world. In 2004, our city successfully held the first Scalper Festival with the theme of promoting scalper culture, revitalizing scalper technology, and developing the scalper economy. In 2005, the second Scalper Festival in Nanyang, China was held, which increased the price of each scalper by 50 yuan. about. In the same year, a trademark was registered for Nanyang cattle. Specialized institutions, professional teams, technological innovation, standardized construction, project support, and protection of intellectual property rights have effectively promoted the breeding process and industrial development of Nanyang cattle. Party and state leaders ***, ***, Henan Provincial Party Committee Secretary Xu Guangchun and other leaders are very concerned about the development of Nanyang cattle and have high hopes for Nanyang cattle. Characteristics of raw materials: Nanyang cattle are a large-scale breed that can be used both as draft meat and for meat. Tall, well-muscled, compact structure, thin-skinned, quick-moving, wide nose and neck, large and square mouth, broad shoulders, protruding sternum, tight intercostals, straight back and waist, slightly high sacrum and tail, and thin tail. The limbs are straight, the tendons are obvious, and the hooves are solid. The head of the cow is majestic and square, the forehead is slightly concave, the neck is short, thick and slightly square, there are many wrinkles on the side of the neck, the acromion is 8 to 9 cm high, the shoulder blades are obliquely long, the forequarters are relatively developed, and the testicles are symmetrical. The cow has a delicate head, narrow and long neck, thin horizontal neck, moderate length, and generally the middle and hindquarters are well developed. However, some cattle have shortcomings such as insufficient chest depth, sloping rump and poor vaginal development. The coat colors of Nanyang cattle include yellow, red and grass white, with yellow in varying shades being the most common, accounting for 80%.

There are less red and grass white colors. Generally, the coat color of cattle's face, abdomen and lower limbs is lighter, the nose and neck are mostly flesh red, some of which have black spots, and the nasal mucosa is mostly light red. The hoof shell is mostly yellow wax or amber with blood veins. The horns of bulls are thicker, mainly composed of radish horns and pole horns; the horns of cows are thinner and shorter, mostly slender horns, razor horns, and bumpy horns. The maximum weight of a bull can reach more than 1,000 kilograms. Main performance: Draft performance: Nanyang cattle, both male and female, are good at walking, can pull carts and farm quickly, are known as fast cattle, and have strong draft ability. The maximum pulling power of a bull is 398.6 kg, accounting for 74% of the body weight. The maximum pulling power of a cow is 275.1 kg, accounting for 65.3% of the body weight. When plowing, the general pulling power is 123.8 kg, accounting for 25.7% of the body weight; the general pulling power of a cow is 105.4 kg, It accounts for 25.9 of the body weight; the steer's general pulling power is 146.7 kilograms, accounting for 24.9 of the body weight. Plowing speed: 0.81 meters per second for bulls, 0.76 meters for cows, and 0.84 meters per second for steers. Generally, cattle can cultivate 2 to 3 acres of land per day, carry a load of 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms, and travel 30 to 40 kilometers per day. Meat performance: The slaughter average of medium-fat bulls is 52.2, the net meat rate is 43.6, the bone-to-meat ratio is 1:5.06, the carcass meat production rate is 83.5, and the eye muscle area is 60.9 square centimeters. Blood accounts for 3.1 of the body weight, the heart accounts for 0.63 of the body weight, the lungs account for 0.62, the spleen accounts for 0.16, the stomach accounts for 3.62, and the intestines account for 2.18. Improvement of breeding experiment According to the test of Nanyang Cattle Research Institute, bulls are fattened from 7 to 8 months to 1.5 years old, mainly with green feed, and 3 to 4 kilograms of concentrate per day. At the end of the experiment, the average weight was 441.7 kilograms; the average daily gain It weighs 813 grams, consumes an average of 7.6 feed units per kilogram of weight gain, consumes 740.6 grams of digestible protein, has an average dressing rate of 55.6, a net meat rate of 46.6, and an eye muscle area of ??92.6 square centimeters. Nanyang cattle won the championship in the cattle racing competition. From 1980 to 1981, China and Japan jointly conducted experiments at the Nanyang cattle research institute and conducted intensive fattening tests on 75 prime-age steers. They were fattened for 9 months, with an average weight of 577.7 kg and an average daily weight of 577.7 kg. The weight gain is 0.65 kilograms, and each kilogram of weight gain consumes 14.64 feed units and 1301 grams of digestible protein. The dressing rate is 64.5, the net meat rate is 56.8, and the crude fat content in the meat is as high as 54.64. Nanyang cattle are widely used to improve local cattle in many provinces and regions in my country. Nanyang area has provided more than 17,000 breeding cattle to the country over the years. In terms of pure breed selection and improvement, there is a trend towards early maturing meat use and dual use. For example, crossing with Limousin cattle, Charolais cattle, Pyrmonte, Chianina, Simmental cattle, Luxi cattle and other cattle can improve meat and milk production performance and economic benefits. The specific soil and climate conditions in the Nanyang Basin are the basic factors for the formation of the unique breed of Nanyang cattle. Nanyang is located in the transition zone between subtropical and warm temperate zones, with distinct four seasons, sufficient sunlight, moderate rainfall, and a long frost-free period. In particular, the Tang and Baihe river basins, which account for more than 70% of the Nanyang Basin, have alternating mountains and river valleys, vast plains, fertile land and dense population. Historically, large areas of hilly wasteland and river valley wetlands provided sufficient pasture for the growth of Nanyang cattle. Large-scale farming in fertile plains not only required the use of large numbers of cattle, but also provided straw and other feed for raising Nanyang cattle. Under these special natural conditions and after thousands of years of cultivation, Nanyang cattle have gradually become an excellent local brand that is large in body, resistant to rough feeding, of high quality, large in quantity, and used as draft meat. History of Cattle Raising Nanyang farmers have always had the habit of raising cattle. As far back as the Spring and Autumn Period, Nanyang cattle had entered the stage of being raised in houses and in captivity. Bailixi, the famous Prime Minister of the Qin State who was born and raised here, was good at raising cattle. During most of his downtrodden life, raising cattle in Qilin Gang, west of Nanyang City, became his main means of making a living. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Nanyang cattle were spread all over the Tang and Baihe river basins. The long history of raising cattle has given birth to the folk custom of raising cattle among thousands of households in the Nanyang Basin; farmers in Nanyang generally have cattle-raising habits and skills. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, relevant state departments established the country's first specialized cattle breeding institution in Nanyang City to carry out systematic breeding of Nanyang cattle.

In the 1970s, Nanyang took the lead in popularizing the cold breeding technology of cattle in China, achieving a historic leap in the history of cattle breeding. In the 1980s, relevant state departments formulated, promulgated and implemented national standards for Nanyang cattle, and at the same time applied strain breeding technology to Nanyang cattle breeding work. In the 1990s, scientific and technical personnel introduced embryo transfer technology into Nanyang cattle breeding for the first time, and clearly proposed the goal of cultivating Nanyang cattle into a specialized beef cattle breed in my country to fill the gap in my country's beef cattle breeds. The project has been included in the national "948" projects and major provincial and municipal scientific and technological projects. In 1998, Nanyang cattle were among the first to be included in the National Livestock and Poultry Breed Protection List by the Ministry of Agriculture. In 2002, they were registered with the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision as an origin mark domain name. Nanyang cattle breeding has a long history, superior natural conditions, decades of scientific and technological innovation and standardization construction, which have effectively promoted the breeding of Nanyang cattle, and the quality of Nanyang cattle has been greatly improved. Nanyang scalpers have the largest quantity, excellent quality and wide distribution. They have become an excellent local brand recognized by experts and scholars at home and abroad and well-known in domestic and foreign markets. They are a precious resource wealth for the people of Nanyang. According to preliminary statistics, as of 2003, the number of cattle raised in the city reached 4.422 million, of which 3.005 million were in stock, accounting for 2.3% of the country and 22.6% of the province; the annual beef output was 182,000 tons. Scalpers and their products radiate to more than a dozen large and medium-sized cities across the country, including Shanghai and Beijing, and are exported to Russia, South Korea, Japan, the Middle East, Hong Kong and other countries and regions. The Nanyang scalper brand has become famous, and the Nanyang scalper industry is gradually taking shape, and is becoming a characteristic industry for Nanyang City to develop its rural economy. Bull Beef Announcement No. 662 of the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Agriculture. According to the provisions of Article 12 of the Animal Husbandry Law, our Ministry has determined that 138 livestock and poultry breeds such as the Bamei pig are national-level livestock and poultry genetic resource protected species. be announced. On June 2, 2006, Nanyang cattle were included in the national livestock and poultry genetic resources protection list