Zhang Dai
Huiji has beautiful mountains and rivers, ranking first in the world, while Xiaweiyun is steaming, especially on the mountains. Therefore, wherever you go, you will find famous mountains. Wang Youjun doesn't raise any soil, and among thousands of rocks and valleys, it takes Lanting alone. Its scenery is magnificent, and it will always be wonderful. And when I was young, I saw Lanting ink sculpture, the rocks were steep, the pavilions were towering, the meandering water flowed, and the goose washed the inkstone. Open the book and look at it. I can't help but be fascinated by it.
Wanli Ugly, seventeen years old, is the year of training for the Right Army, so accompany him to travel. On the left side of Zhang Tian Temple, the ruins are built, and the cloud is the former site of Lanting. I stand and watch, and there are bamboo stones and mountains, which is far from the scene in the picture. Disappointed, choked for a long time. Therefore, all foreign tourists who want to go to Lanting will be blocked by many means and think that Lanting is ignorant. Therefore, it is not enough to wrap the feet, but it will take another 60 years.
Ugly again this year. From Yonghe to now, 22 are ugly. I'm glad I stayed here for two days. Because of Comrade Ba, he will hold an antique restoration in Lanting last March. It was a sunny day, my brother boarded the plane, and I also fought many battles and climbed mountains and rocks. Sit on the abbot of Zhang Tian and visit the ancient monuments. I know the Lanting Temple and Zhang Tian Temple in the past. They were destroyed by fire at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and their bases were completely lost. The so-called Lanting people today were built in the twenty-seventh year of Yongle. Because there are two ponds on the land, pavilions are built on them, and stones are used as ditches to guide water into the fields, imitating winding running water, which is a special play. Building this place is full of mountains, pushing away bamboo cultivation, the system is simple, the scenery is desolate, but a post in the field is embarrassing! And the place is narrow and the pavilion is dirty. Forty-two people on the map of Lanting are all here, and they are all covered with horses and chariots. Where did they stop? Instinct, don't ask.
The monk in the temple said that this is not the original site, and there is an ancient orchid pavilion half a mile away. Jade and other children stepped on thorns and looked at them anxiously. When it comes to its position, I don't understand eccentricity and eccentricity more and more. There is a stone gate next to it, and the word "Gulanting" is fun. I looked at it carefully, but it was the ancient road into Lanting, and it was also a road, not a pavilion. Return it to the abbot and take the inscription from the official department. According to legend, in the third year of Wanli, Liu met Artemisia and Wang Songping in the west of Sichuan, and his land was at the foot of Chongshan Mountain, with twists and turns in the upper reaches, which preserved the old Yonghe. Donate some money and entrust a monk to repair it. There is a pavilion, and the plaque says "Lanting Site". After that, five halls were built for banquets. A while ago, the temple was destroyed, the pavilion was abandoned, and the base site was not tested.
Yu said Deng Zidao, "The Right Army is also a scholar and a poet. The location of the exhibition hall will be considerable. Looking in the grass and Woods? " It was in front of Zhang Tian Temple that we got a Pingyang, which was owned by the so-called high mountain, the so-called clear water, the so-called turbulent water and the so-called Maolin bamboo-repairing people of the right army. The mountain is like a screen ring, and the water is curved. Deng waved and shouted, "Yes! Yes! " I spread a blanket on the floor, unbuttoned my clothes and enjoyed myself for a long time before I got home.
My name is Lantingbei, which has been buried for thousands of years. Just like the original Lanting, I guarded it and hid it from anyone. After being made by Xiao Yi, he walked halfway, peeked in his sleeve and blossomed everywhere. This is an ancient temple code. I am anxious to build a grass pavilion here and return it to its former site. One is to exhale for Lanting, and the other is to laugh at the right army; It is also the Lanting on the beam, which was earned by Yu and Deng Zi. The pavilion is named Mohua, and Xiao Yi has a crush on it.
This article is selected from Zhang Dai's Anthology of Tianku. In the ninth year of Jin Yonghe (353), Wang Xizhi and others held a meeting in Lanting to write Preface to Lanting Collection, which was a combination of articles and calligraphy. It was called a masterpiece of two treasures, and Lanting became famous all over the world. With the extension of the times, by the Ming Dynasty, the site of Lanting had been lost. Zhang Dai's article was written in pursuit of the ancient Lanting. Although it is titled "Bian", it does not make boring textual research and reasoning, but depicts the landscape, which is full of interest and is a beautiful landscape prose. The full text can be divided into three parts, respectively describing the author's understanding of Lanting in three stages of his life and his karma with Lanting.
The first part records the image of Lanting in the author's mind before he saw the former site of Lanting in Shao Shi. Zhang Dai, a native of Shaoxing, has a special liking for the scenery in his hometown, so he calls it "the best scenery in the world". The words "Xiaweiyun Steamed" are reminiscent of Wang Xianzhi, the son of Wang Xizhi's praise of the mountain: "From the mountain, the mountains and rivers set each other off, which is overwhelming." ("Shi Shuo Xin Yu Yan") The author speculates that in such a famous scenic spot, the Lanting chosen by Wang Xizhi must be "the wonder of the ages". Moreover, the author has also seen ink paintings and paintings depicting Lanting, which further confirmed his guess and made him yearn for it. The word "can't help it" aptly describes the innocent and beautiful longing and eager impulse of young people.
In the second part, the author visited the former site of Lanting at the age of seventeen. This year is Wang Xizhi's debut year. The author deliberately chose such a memorable time to visit Lanting, which shows how much he cherishes this "holy land" and attaches great importance to visiting Lanting for the first time. How excited he is to think that Lanting, which he has longed for for for many years, will appear in front of him! What he saw, however, was a "barren" and "insufficient" Zhushi Mountain, which was completely different from the "picture in picture" he saw when he was a teenager and the Lanting in his mind. How can he not let the author "down"! The higher the expectation, the greater the blow of disappointment. The beautiful image cherished in my heart for many years is disillusioned, so I am extremely sad and "choked for a long time." He doesn't write much about what he saw and heard on this trip, and he doesn't want to write more. He prevented others from visiting Lanting in order to prevent others from experiencing their own painful feelings and protect the good impression of Lanting in people's hearts. This move can also show Zhang Dainian's young and straightforward personality.
The third part is about the author's revisiting after he left Lanting for 60 years. The opportunity to visit Lanting is still a year of shame, but it is different from the first visit to Lanting. The first time you swim, you just "stand and wait" and turn around and leave; This time, I visited the monk at the edge of the monument, traced back to the source, watched silently, and swam carefully. At this time, the author's age, self-cultivation and mood have all entered the old world, and he has enough psychological preparation, so he is no longer as hasty and depressed as he was the first time, but his desire to find Lanting monuments is more urgent. He first coldly observed the so-called Lanting site, explored its origin, and examined its environment, layout, structure and orientation one by one, and came to the conclusion that it was "innuendo" and thought it was so plain and desolate, "in fact, it was just a palm-sized shed (where the small officials in charge of farmland lived)." When the monk told me that "there is still an ancient pavilion half a mile away", the author was overjoyed, and the words "standing on thorns and eager to see" vividly wrote his anxious mood. However, this time, the clues of "less concept" forced to look for historical sites are also at a loss. However, after these two searches, the author suddenly realized. Unlike when he was young, he was disappointed, but decided to abandon his predecessor. According to his own life accumulation and aesthetic experience, according to his own understanding of Wang Xizhi and Lanting, he went directly to nature to discover and excavate. Finally, the heart and feelings described in the preface to Lanting Collection, "Get a Pyongyang", "Towering mountains, lush forests and bamboo pruning, clean water and turbulence", are vivid. The author rejoiced in his discovery and sat on the floor, enjoying himself and lingering. The author did not deliberately look for any ruins and waste pools to prove his discovery. In his view, all this is irrelevant. What is important is that the true mountains, waters and spiritual atmosphere here are interlinked with the Lanting in his mind, which has the true meaning of Lanting's beauty.
Wang Guowei put forward in "Ci-Hua on Earth": "There is a realm of me, but there is no realm of me". There is my realm', I see things, so everything is my color; Without my realm, I don't know what I am and what I am by looking at things. The Gulanting in this article is a "realm with me" for the author. The process of Zhang Dai's search for the former site of Lanting is precisely the process of pursuing the perfect realm of unity of things and self and harmony of mind and learning. He criticized and spurned those so-called relics in order to stick to his own aesthetic ideal; And once you find the Lanting in your heart, all the arguments are unnecessary. Perhaps this article is not a qualified textual research article, but it is a rare prose full of beautiful inspiration.
In the last paragraph of the article, the author uses the story that Xiao Yi got the original preface to Lanting from a talented monk to describe his process of discovering the old site of Lanting, which is full of pride and humor. His idea of naming the pavilion also gives readers a reverie, strong feelings and lasting attraction.