tender is the most important part of the whole tender. Tender is like a script, which is the soul of a movie or a drama. The tender must express all the wishes of the user, and there can be no omissions. The tender is also the basis for bidders to prepare their tender, and bidders must respond substantially to the contents of the tender, otherwise they will be judged as invalid bids (treated as abandoned bids). Tender is also the most important basis for bid evaluation.

1. Classification of bidding documents

(1) According to the scope of bidding, it can be divided into international bidding documents and domestic bidding documents.

the international tender requires two versions, and the English version shall prevail according to international practice. Considering the foreign language level of Chinese enterprises, it is often stated in the tender that Chinese shall prevail in case of any discrepancy between Chinese and English versions.

(2) According to the subject matter of bidding, it can be divided into three categories; Goods, projects and services.

it can be further subdivided according to different specific subject matter. For example, engineering can be further divided into construction engineering, decoration engineering, water conservancy engineering, road engineering and chemical engineering. The tender contents of each specific project are very different. The same is true for goods bidding documents, such as simple goods such as grain and oil; Complex goods such as machine tools and computer networks. The difference between tenders is also very large.

2. Four principles for compiling tender

A. The principle of fully reflecting the needs of users;

B. scientific and reasonable principles;

C. Fair competition (excluding discriminatory clauses)

D. The principle of safeguarding the business secrets and national interests of this enterprise;

Principle of fully reflecting the needs of users:

The users we will face in bidding have very different understanding of their own projects, projects and goods. Coupled with the complexity of the project, the tendering agency should organize the users, designers and experts to prepare the tender according to the situation of the users and the complexity of the project. To fully reflect the needs of users. I have a lesson in this respect. Example (omitted):

scientific and reasonable principle: technical requirements and business conditions must be fully based and practical; The technical requirements are established according to the feasibility report and technical and economic analysis. We should not blindly improve the standards, improve the equipment precision and the standards of house decoration, or it will waste functions and spend more money than necessary ... Illustrate with examples (omitted).

fair competition (excluding discriminatory clauses): the principle of bidding is openness, fairness and justice. Only fairness and openness can attract truly interested and competitive bidders to compete, and through competition, we can truly safeguard the interests of users and the national interests. As a tendering agency, it is the most important job to compile and examine the tender, and to examine whether there are discriminatory clauses in the tender. As the tender management department of the government, the supervision department and the supervision department supervise the tender work, and the most important task is to examine whether there are discriminatory clauses in the tender.

This is the key link to ensure whether the tender is fair and just.

the principle of safeguarding the interests of enterprises and the government: we should pay attention to safeguarding the business secrets of the users when compiling the tender documents. For example, we should recruit eight computer production lines for Lenovo (changing the drawings to protect the technical secrets of Lenovo's computer manufacturing), and it should not harm the national interests and public interests. For example, noise pollution must meet the standards. We should pay great attention to this issue when recruiting broadband network projects for the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television to safeguard national security.

3. The tender * * * has main contents

The main contents of the tender can be divided into three parts: procedural terms, technical terms and commercial terms. It includes the following nine main contents:

a. Invitation for bid;

B. Instructions to Bidders;

C. Technical requirements and accessories of the project subject to tender;

D. format of tender;

e. bid guarantee documents;

F. Contract conditions (general terms and special terms of the contract);

g. technical standards and specifications;

H. qualification documents of bidding enterprises;

i. contract format.

generally, both the project and the goods include the above contents.

Invitation to bid: compiled by the bidding agency, which briefly introduces the name of the bidding unit, the name and content of the bidding project, the bidding form, the bid sale, bidding, the time and place of bid opening, and the name, address and telephone number of the contractor. In addition to the above-mentioned time for bidders to prepare the tender transmittal letter, the time for bid opening should try to avoid overseas holidays and Christmas, and domestic bidding should avoid the Spring Festival and other holidays.

Instructions to Bidders: This part is compiled by the tendering agency and is an important part of bidding. Emphasize the basic procedures of this tender. Bidders shall abide by the stipulated and promised obligations. The basic content, number of copies, form, validity and sealing of the bidding documents, and other requirements for bidding. The methods and principles of bid evaluation, the handling of bidding results, the way of awarding and signing contracts, and the bid bond.

The following points must be explained here:

A. The number of copies of the tender should be determined according to the size of the subject matter and the number of experts participating in the bid evaluation, so as to facilitate the principle of bid evaluation. 4-5 portions and 5-15 portions.

B. The bid evaluation methods, goods, services and projects are different, and the price will be discussed in the following.

C. The validity of the bid shall be guaranteed until 28-3 working days after signing the contract.

D. Bid bond is necessary for international bidding, and it is difficult to prove the bond in domestic bidding, and the credibility of the bond certificate is not good, so we try our best to choose the bid bond system.

technical requirements and attachments of the tender: the most important contents of the tender. Information is mainly provided by the employing unit, which is compiled by the employing unit and the tendering agency.

Take the machine tool as an example to explain the matters needing attention when compiling technical requirements and accessories.

Of course, different projects have different requirements for the preparation of tender documents, but we don't touch on the differences here, only the similarities. The technical requirements and accessories of the equipment mainly include: equipment specifications, technical parameters, quality and performance indicators, control methods and automation degree, process flow, inspection and acceptance methods and standards, as well as specific requirements for raw materials, spare parts, tools and packaging, as well as requirements for safety, environmental protection, energy saving and labor protection. Accessories usually include typical parts processing drawings, etc.

Take the machine tool as an example to explain the technical requirements and the preparation of accessories.

tenders can be roughly divided into 11 items. Briefly explain the 11 items.

a. bidding number: it is convenient for project management and is numbered by the bidding company.

B. equipment name: pay attention to accuracy and conform to international and industry norms.

C. quantity: the unit is clear, to prevent misunderstanding, and the quantity is accurate.

D. delivery date: a reasonable manufacturing period is required to avoid excluding potential bidders due to unreasonable construction period. Generally, it takes 3-6 months for machine tools and 8-1 months or longer for large machine tools.

e. Equipment usage and technical requirements:

This part mainly includes four aspects:

The first aspect is the basic requirements of machine tools. The basic requirements mainly describe the purpose of the equipment and the processing object of the equipment. If drawings are needed, they are attached as attachments. In order to maintain the business secrets of enterprises, processing drawings can be designed according to the requirements of processing technology and accuracy. This part is the key point and the core of the technical part. It is necessary to describe the production outline, the material, weight, external dimensions and various functional requirements of the equipment in detail. The basic requirements should also describe the processing beat, working time of production unit and energy consumption. The basic requirements should also explain the requirements for noise, three wastes, environmental protection and labor protection.

the second aspect is the technical requirements and main parameters. According to the needs of the workpiece, the main parameters should be put forward in a certain range, and the data should cover the data of the corresponding models of each factory as much as possible. Such as: Maximum radius of gyration ≥? A certain spindle power ≤KW

The third aspect is mechanical structure. Put forward the principle that each bidding factory should describe the structure and material of the machine tool in detail, so as to compare the stability, life and accuracy of the machine tool.

the fourth aspect is electrical and control. This part often encounters power supply problems. There is a gap between China's power supply and European and American countries, and the quality of power supply in different parts of China is quite different. Reasonable power supply conditions are put forward. Requirements for electrical components and motors, such as AC servo motors. Control system: FANUC system, Siemens system, NUM system and special systems of major machine tool plants are widely used in the world. The tender shall specify a loose range for the selection of control system. The function of the control system, that is, the function of the software, should be prompted reasonably according to the needs to prevent price problems when signing the contract. The machine tool with higher control level is prompted as follows.

F accessories and spare parts: this part of the preliminary work is often neglected, but accessories and spare parts are sometimes of high value, such as tool calibrators and spare chucks. Accessories and spare parts within the warranty period shall be included in the total price. For spare parts beyond the warranty period, the supplier is advised to provide a list of recommended spare parts and quote them separately for selection.

G technical documents: indicate the type, number of copies and language of the required technical documents. Various certificates of conformity are required, and various precision inspection certificates and performance test records are required.

H training and technical services

a) installation and debugging requirements

b) personnel training requirements

I Acceptance methods and standards: adopt internationally accepted standards, or foreign standards and European standards recognized by China. Other standards that meet the requirements should not be excluded.

J quotation and insured method: the tender must require itemized quotation, which is convenient for bid evaluation and contract signing. Generally, the quotation methods are FOB and CIF, and the risk transfer in both methods is the ship's side of offshore port. The place of delivery is the time and place of risk transfer.

K packaging and transportation requirements are very important, which is related to whether the goods can reach the users on time and without damage.

bidding document format: this part is compiled by the tendering company, and the bidding document format is the standard requirement for bidding documents. It includes the bid letter signed by the authorized representative of the bidder, which explains the specific contents of the bid and the total quotation, and promises to abide by the bidding procedures and various responsibilities and obligations, and confirms that the bidding period is binding within the specified bid validity period. It also includes the outline of the technical scheme and the format of the bidding price list. At present, we strive to submit the performance table to the bidders when the tender is sold, so that the tenderee can compare all the bidders' documents with the same caliber.

bid guarantee document: it is a mandatory document for effective bidding. Guarantee documents generally take three forms: check, bid bond and bank guarantee. If the project amount is small, check and bid bond can be used, generally 2%. The validity period of the bid bond shall be longer than the validity period of the tender, and shall be connected with the performance bond. The bid guarantee is issued by the bank, and it is based on the reputation of the bank. Corporate reputation and bank reputation are the necessary conditions for enterprises to enter the international market. If the bidder abandons the bid or refuses to sign the contract within the validity period of the bid, the tendering company has the right to confiscate the deposit to make up for the losses suffered in the bidding process.

contract conditions: this is also an important part of the tender. We'll talk about the contract later. This part of the content is the legal basis of the economic relationship between the two sides, so it is very important to both bidders. International bidding should conform to international practices and domestic laws. Due to the special requirements of the project, it is necessary to provide supplementary contract terms, such as payment method, after-sales service, quality assurance, main insurance fees and other special requirements, which are specifically listed in the technical part of the tender. However, these terms should not be too harsh, and it is not allowed (actually impossible) to pass all the risks on to the winning bidder.

design specification: some equipment requirements, such as communication system and power transmission equipment, are important documents to ensure the quality of equipment and should be listed in the tender annex. Technical specifications should provide detailed guarantees for construction technology, project quality and inspection standards, which is also the premise to avoid disputes. Technical specifications include: general outline, general situation of the project, requirements for materials, equipment, construction technology and quality of the phased project, and writing down the calculation rules of each division and quantity when necessary.

qualification documents of the bidding enterprise: this part of the requirements shall be put forward by the tendering agency. It is required to provide the license for the enterprise to produce this product and other qualification documents, such as ISO91 and ISO92 certificates. Performance is also required.

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