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Edit this section Sepia

Also known as cuttlefish and cuttlefish, it is the most outstanding smoke screen expert among the squid.

Sepia officinalis (a kind of squid. Sepioidea) is a marine cephalopod mollusk, closely related to octopus and calamari. Characterized by a thick calcareous inner shell (squid bone, cuttlefish bone or jellyfish). There are about 100 species, with a body length of 2.5 to 90 centimeters (1 to 35 inches), slightly flattened, and with narrow fleshy fins on both sides. The penis has 10 arms, 8 short arms, and two long tentacles for hunting, which can be retracted into two sacs; there are suckers on the tops of the arms and tentacles. Lives in shallow coastal waters in tropical and temperate zones, often moving to deeper seas in winter. Common squid breed in spring and summer, laying about 100 to 300 eggs. Species of the genus Sepia mainly eat crustaceans, small fish or each other. The main enemies are large aquatic animals. The meat is edible, the ink sac can be used to make ink, and the inner shell can be fed to caged birds to supplement calcium. Modern squid appeared in the Miocene Epoch 21 million years ago, and their ancestors were belemnites.

Commonly known as cuttlefish, the fishery catch is large, the meat is delicious and nutritious, and it is the general name of cuttlefish. It lives in warm oceans and swims quickly. It mainly feeds on crustaceans, but also fish and other molluscs. (Types include giant squid, gun squid, golden squid (commonly known as squid), etc.) The common squid in my country are golden squid and needleless squid.

Edit cuttlefish

Squid Commonly known as cuttlefish and mullet, it has no backbone. Although it is called a fish, it is actually a mollusk living in the ocean. Squid is not only delicious and nutritious, but it can also be used as medicine for the whole body. The inner shell of the squid is called jellyfish or cuttlefish bone in traditional Chinese medicine. Sea octopus plays an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that sea octopus "can cure all blood diseases". Sea octopus has astringent, hemostatic, antacid and analgesic effects. Sea octopus is the main medicine for treating gastric diseases. Chinese patent medicines formulated with sea octopus to treat gastric diseases have shown remarkable efficacy in treating gastric diseases. Sea octopus is a good medicine for treating all kinds of bleeding. There are many good remedies for treating bleeding using sea octopus in our country. To treat gastric bleeding, you can use jellyfish mixed with bletilla striata and grind it into fine powder and take it orally; to treat tuberculosis and hemoptysis, you can decoct jellyfish, agrimony, and madder before taking it. For bleeding caused by trauma, you can grind sea octopus, bone meal, and cattail in equal parts and sprinkle it on the wound to treat it. Sea octopuses can also be used to stop bleeding during tooth extractions and nasal surgeries. The enlarged part at the end of the squid's rectum is called the ink sac, which is a container for the squid to release ink at powerful enemies when it encounters danger. The main component of sepia ink is sepia melanin, which is a systemic hemostatic drug and can be used to treat gastrointestinal bleeding, functional uterine bleeding and pulmonary hemoptysis. In addition, pharmacological studies have also found that sepia ink has a preventive effect on acute radiation sickness. After certain preparation, a compound can be obtained from cuttlefish bones, which has certain anti-cancer effects. In addition, substances with antiviral effects can also be extracted from squid. Cooking cuttlefish meat can treat blood deficiency and amenorrhea in women. Mullet eggs can stimulate appetite and promote diuresis. Squid is indeed full of medicine.

Octopus

Octopus, also known as octopus (English name octopus)

There are all kinds of strange things in the deep ocean. They are all kinds of strange and strange, and each shows his "magical power". Octopus, like the familiar cuttlefish, is not a fish. They are both molluscs. What makes the octopus unique is that it has eight long, strap-like legs that float in the water in a curved way. Fishermen also call the octopus a fish. It is called "octopus".

When it comes to octopus, it is the "biggest one" in the ocean. It is extremely powerful, cruel and resourceful, and many marine animals are afraid of it. A sensitive animal, its nervous system is the most complex and advanced among invertebrates, including the central nervous system and peripheral nerves, and its sensory organs are divided into auditory, olfactory and visual nerves on the brain ganglia. The most developed are the eyes, which are not only very big, but also wide open and motionless, like an owl.

Octopus is also an excellent "architect". Strange to say, every time it builds a house, it is built in the middle of the night. Before midnight, there is no sound at all. After midnight, they seem to have received an order, and their eight tentacles are constantly collecting all kinds of things. Stones, sometimes octopuses can transport large stones that are 5, 10, or even 20 times heavier than themselves. In places where octopuses like to live, "octopus cities" often appear. These "octopus homes" are made of stones. ” Row upon row, it’s quite spectacular.

The octopus is aggressive by nature, and it is also a bit afraid of bullying. When it encounters an opponent who is stronger than itself, it will use the tactic of "throwing pawns to save the rook". If it encounters an opponent who is not as good as itself, it will definitely kill the opponent. Until defeated. Someone witnessed such an interesting scene: a fight between an octopus and a lobster. Lobsters are arthropods that like to live in crevices in rocks, piles of rocks, or tunnels with exits at both ends. One day, a big octopus was swimming eagerly, and a big lobster swam across from it. As the lobster swam, it thought: "With my pair of big claws, every time I encounter a small fish, it will be a big fish." The fish is broken." At this time, it has arrived in front of the octopus. The two males met and glared at each other for a moment. The lobster, which could not hold its breath, relied on its hard carapace and sharp claws. The lobster pounced on the octopus. The octopus knew that this fight would be 100% successful, so it dodged it calmly. Then the lobster pounced on the octopus for the second and third time, with the same result. The octopus nimbly dodged it. At this time, the lobster was a little angry and out of breath from exhaustion. The smart octopus began to use the first tactic - changing color. The octopus turned red for a while, green for a while, bright for a while, dark for a while, which dazzled the lobster. At this time, the lobster became more and more angry, and kept beating its chest with its tail. After much tossing, the lobster was really exhausted. The octopus used its second tactic - releasing its tentacles, using its tentacles with hundreds of suckers to surround the lobster tightly. The lobster, which had already been furious for a long time, was not willing to let go of such a good opportunity, so it immediately stretched out its big claws like a hacksaw to tightly clamp the octopus's tentacles. At this time, the lobster thought to itself: "It's strange, it usually clamps fish so hard." It’s easy, why can’t it be pinched this time?” Even though it keeps pinching, the lobster never relaxes. At this moment when the outcome was hard to decide, the octopus finally came up with the third tactic - spraying "smoke bombs". Suddenly, the surroundings were dark, choking the lobster so that it could not discern its direction and was paralyzed and unable to move. A wonderful fight ended with the octopus winning. Octopus Drag the lobster to a quiet place and taste the delicious lobster meal alone.

Although the octopus treats its "enemies" cruelly and cruelly, it treats its own children with caress and consideration, and is even willing to die from exhaustion.

During the breeding season, the female octopus lays strings of crystal-clear, plump, grape-like eggs. From then on, it guards its beloved baby step by step, and often flips and touches it with its tentacles. of shiny eggs, and sprays ice from the funnel to wash them one by one. Until the little octopus hatches from the egg shell, this "loving mother" is still uneasy, fearing that her beloved child will be bullied by other marine animals, and still refuses to leave, and eventually becomes very emaciated, and some are overworked. And die.

The octopus is ferocious, cruel and cunning. It is very dangerous for people who go to the sea to encounter it. However, people can still deal with it. As long as they quickly cut off the nerve slightly higher between the eyes of the octopus, they can get rid of it. Dangerous situation. The meat of the octopus is tender and delicious. Based on the habit of octopuses that like to drill into shells, fishermen often drill holes in the shells, string them together with ropes and sink them to the bottom of the sea. After the octopuses get in and make a home, they can then pull them up, so that they can catch them without much effort. Arrived some octopus.

---Excerpted from "Sea World" 1997, 2 Author: Cao Yuru

Octopus is said to be a fish but not a fish. It evolved from cephalopod molluscs. . Octopuses generally have small bodies and eight thin and long tentacles, so they are also called "octopus".

The octopus’s range of offensive and defensive abilities is astonishing, and it is a veritable all-rounder.

Once an octopus is caught on the shore, it never mistakes which direction the sea is. Scientists still can't figure out why it has this ability. The body of the octopus is extremely soft and elastic and can fit through very narrow gaps. Like the small lizard scorpion, it can escape by blinding itself. Once its tentacles are bitten by another animal, it will cut off its hands and run away. There will be no bleeding at the broken site, and the surrounding skin will close up on its own. The wound will heal itself the next day, and new tentacles will soon grow. Like chameleons, octopuses can change color according to the environment and when frightened. Octopuses can also change their body color when angry, which may be the "language" used by octopuses to transmit messages between each other. Octopuses have the ability to spray ink to cover their escape. The ink contains anesthetic substances that can paralyze the trapped animals.

Although octopuses are ugly in appearance and highly skilled in martial arts, they are by no means cruel. They are extremely gentle, friendly and timid animals. Among the more than 200 known species of octopus, most individuals are very small. Only large species live in the North Pacific. Their tentacles are about 5 to 10 meters long and their weight can reach 45 kilograms. As for whether there is a larger giant chapter in the deep sea, it remains to be confirmed by investigation. Encountering a giant octopus must be extremely scary in imagination, but people rarely see octopuses when diving underwater. They don't like the flat seabed and always hide in cavities in rocks.

If you do encounter an octopus underwater, don’t be too panicked. They always retreat on their own initiative. A well-known French expert, Coust, once made a special observation on octopuses. He dived underwater, found the octopus's cave and approached it. The octopus looked very nervous, and its body immediately swelled up. It stared closely at the visitor and extended its tentacles. He stretched out the cave and used all the objects he could grab to raise his bunker, as if he wanted to seal his hiding cave tightly. His body color would also change due to fright. Once it finds that a visitor refuses to leave, it will escape from its hiding place. First, it will flatten its body and stick to the seabed, then slowly crawl out of the shelter, its eyes always watching you vigilantly, and then suddenly escape quickly.

Divers often encounter octopus underwater. According to their experience, only when the octopus is frightened will it grab the objects around it. If there is someone next to it at this time, it will grab it. Human, but its purpose of grabbing things is just for support. Don’t panic if you are caught. Just gently catch the octopus and float to the surface with it. It will never resist at this time. After reaching the water, just pat it or stroke (but don't tickle) its body gently, and it will loosen its tentacles and leave you.

Many divers have confirmed that octopuses will never attack people on their own initiative. When forced to do so, they would rather use other escape methods than take offensive actions. For example, it will change color to show alarm or emit "smoke". In short, it will try its best to get away from you, just to hide in the bunker as soon as possible.

Facts show that the octopus is a timid and gentle animal. However, since the octopus’s tentacles are very powerful and the suckers are difficult to get rid of, when you encounter a large octopus underwater, it is better to stay away from it to avoid

Misunderstandings arise and get stuck on you.

The octopus is also a very friendly and intelligent animal. Octopuses in aquariums quickly get to know their keepers, and they look like puppies. Like a kitten, it likes to be noticed and played with by its owner. The naughty octopus will also take the initiative to shoot water at the audience for fun. Some breeders have had this experience: when feeding, deliberately hold the bait in the palm of your hand, and the octopus will use its tentacles to pry open your fingers and take away the delicious food; if it is a beautiful bait such as snails and shellfish, after taking it away, it will go to the bottom of the water. It will also check it, as if it is afraid that you will cheat it with shells.

Female octopuses are perhaps the most dedicated and self-sacrificing mothers in the world. It only gives birth once in its life, laying hundreds to thousands of eggs (smaller ones for larger ones, more for smaller ones), which they hide in their own caves. During the incubation period (different varieties require different times, usually 4- 6 weeks), the female octopus guards the cave every step of the way, without eating or sleeping. Not only does she have to drive away predators, but she also keeps swinging her tentacles to keep the water in the cave constantly renewed, so that the unhatched babies can Get enough oxygen.

The day the baby octopus emerges from its shell, the female octopus has completed her lifelong duty and died of exhaustion. There are several animals in the world that can have such great motherhood!

Octopuses have a relatively developed nervous system and are very friendly to people. Therefore, fishermen in some parts of Europe have long known about training octopuses to catch shells, crabs and even fish on the seabed. Octopuses are naturally curious and willing to learn. They also have a good memory and never forget the experience they have mastered. It is really amazing that an octopus with an odd shape has such a good "brain". No wonder the author of some science fiction novels, such as "Star Wars", actually depicts Martians as octopus-shaped monsters. Among marine animals, dolphins have won special favor from humans for their beautiful bodies and understanding. Perhaps the ugly octopus has "intelligence" ”, it is more worthy of human beings to develop!

Octopus

octopus

The plural is octopuses or octopi.

Octopus, also known as octopus (English name octopus), is a marine mollusk.

The general name for cephalopod molluscs in the order Octopoda. But strictly speaking, it only refers to animals of the genus Octopus, which are widely distributed in shallow waters.

Octopuses vary greatly in size. The smallest octopus is the arborescens (O. arborescens), which is about 5 centimeters (2 inches) long, while the largest species can be 5.4 meters (18 feet) long, with a wrist span of almost 9 meters (30 feet). The body of a typical octopus is sac-shaped; the boundary between the head and body is not obvious, and it has large compound eyes and 8 retractable arms. Each wrist has two rows of fleshy suction cups, which can hold objects powerfully. The base of the wrist is connected to a webbed tissue called the skirt, which has a mouth in the center. The mouth has a pair of sharp horny palates and rasp-shaped radula, which are used to drill through shells and scrape their flesh.

The octopus breathes water into its mantle and excretes it through short funnel-shaped body tubes. Most octopuses use suction cups to crawl along the seabed, but when frightened they eject water from their body tubes and move quickly in the opposite direction. When in danger, it will spray an ink-like substance as a smoke screen. Some species produce substances that paralyze an attacker's sense organs.

The most familiar octopus is the common octopus (O. vulgaris), which is medium-sized and widely distributed in tropical and temperate seas around the world. It lives in caves or crevices on the rocky seabed and likes to hide. Mainly feeds on crabs and other crustaceans. This species is considered to have the highest intelligence among invertebrates. It also has highly developed pigment-containing cells, so it can change its body color very quickly, and the speed of change is also surprising.

Octopuses are dioecious. The male has a specialized wrist, called the stem wrist or the transfer wrist, which is used to place the sperm bag directly into the female's mantle cavity. Common octopuses mate in winter. The eggs are about 0.3 cm (1/8 inch) long, numbering more than 100,000 in total, and are laid under rocks or in caves. The larvae hatch after 4 to 8 weeks. During the incubation period, the female will guard the eggs, clean the eggs with a suction cup, and stir the eggs with water. Young octopuses are similar in shape to adults but small. After hatching, they need to drift with plankton for several weeks before sinking to the bottom of the water to hide.

Octopuses mainly feed on shrimps and crabs, but some species eat plankton. Many marine fish feed on octopuses. Octopus has long been considered a delicacy in the Mediterranean, Eastern countries and other parts of the world.