76) Patent rights: According to the provisions of the Patent Law, the national patent office grants the inventor, designer or their affiliated unit the exclusive right to an invention within a certain period of time.

77) Patent law: It is a general term for the legal norms that regulate the recognition and protection of the exclusive rights of inventions and creations and the social relations generated in the process of utilizing proprietary inventions and creations.

78) The subject of patent rights: refers to the units and individuals who can apply for and obtain patent rights.

79) The object of patent rights: refers to the object protected by patent law, that is, the invention and creation for which patent rights can be obtained according to law. The inventions and creations referred to in my country's patent law refer to inventions, utility models and designs.

80) Invention: The invention referred to in the Patent Law refers to a new technical solution proposed for a product, method or improvement thereof. It is divided into product invention and method invention.

81) Utility model: refers to a new technical solution proposed for the shape, structure or combination of the two that is suitable for practical use. Known as gizmos in some countries.

82) Appearance design: refers to a new design that is aesthetically pleasing and suitable for industrial application based on the shape, pattern, color or combination of a product.

83) Priority: According to the provisions of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, priority means that when applying for a patent, each contracting country must mutually recognize the priority of the nationals of the other country, that is, an invention is created in a country. If an application is filed in another contracting state within a period after the first application is filed in a contracting state, the applicant has the right to request that the date of the first filing of the application be regarded as the date of the subsequent application.

84) Compulsory license: It refers to a compulsory legal means by which the Patent Office allows other units and individuals to exploit the patentee's patent under certain conditions without the consent of the patentee.

85) Trademark: It is a mark of goods and business services. It is a mark used by commodity producers or operators to identify the goods they produce or sell and the services provided by commercial service providers, and to distinguish them from similar goods produced or sold by others and similar services provided by others. This kind of mark is generally represented by text, graphics or a combination of both.

86) Trademark registration: refers to the trademark user submitting an application for registration to the trademark management authority in accordance with the registration conditions and procedures stipulated in the "Trademark Law" and its "Implementing Rules". The bureau shall review and approve the trademark in accordance with the law, record it in the trademark registration book, issue a trademark registration certificate, make an announcement, and grant the registrant the exclusive right to use the trademark.

87) Statistical Law: It is the general term for the legal norms that adjust statistical relationships. Statistical relations are the social relations that occur between state agencies, enterprises, institutions, other social organizations and citizens in statistical activities.

88) Fixed Asset Investment Law: It is the general term for the legal norms that regulate fixed asset investment relationships. It is the behavioral rules for people to conduct fixed asset investment activities and is the legal guarantee for smooth fixed asset investment. Fixed asset investment includes investment in capital construction and investment in renovation measures.

89) Fixed asset investment entity: refers to a legal person or natural person who enjoys investment decision-making power, has the ability to raise funds, and can bear investment risks. It is the unification of investment decision makers, fundraisers and risk takers.

90) Taxation: In order to realize its functions and in accordance with the provisions of the tax law, the state participates in the distribution and redistribution of national income by virtue of its political power and obtains fiscal revenue.

91) Tax law: It is the general term for the legal norms that regulate the tax collection relationship between the state and taxpayers through the tax authorities and the free collection of certain currencies or goods in kind.

92) Tax system: It is the general term for a country’s tax burden structure, tax management system and collection management system. It includes the legal basis for the state to tax taxpayers and the work procedures of the tax department.

93) Taxpayer: also known as taxpayer or taxpayer. Refers to social organizations and individuals directly responsible for tax obligations under the tax law.

94) Taxation object: also known as taxation object or tax calculation basis. It refers to what is taxed. According to the tax objects, my country's taxes can be divided into five categories: turnover tax, income tax, property tax, behavior tax, and resource tax.

95) Tax type: The type of tax, indicating what tax is levied.

96) Tax items: refer to the taxable items specified in each tax category. They are the concrete objects of taxation and reflect the scope and breadth of taxation.

97) Tax rate: refers to the proportion of tax amount to the amount of taxable objects. It is the main measure for calculating the amount of tax payable and is a core element of tax law. my country's current tax law adopts three types: proportional tax rate, progressive tax rate and fixed tax rate.

98) Tax legal relationship: refers to the rights and obligations relationship formed between tax authorities and taxpayers in tax activities in accordance with the provisions of tax law.

99) Turnover tax: It is a type of tax that targets the turnover of goods and service income.

100) Value-added tax: refers to a tax that is levied on the newly added value of a product, that is, the added value.

101) Land value-added tax: It is a tax that levies the value-added income from the paid transfer of land use rights by units and individuals. Its characteristics are: those with large added value will be levied more, those with less added value will be levied less, and those with no added value will not be levied.

102) Consumption tax: It is a tax levied on specific consumer goods and consumption behaviors.

103) Business tax: refers to a tax levied on the business income of units and individuals engaged in providing taxable services, transferring intangible assets, or selling real estate within the territory of my country.

104) Income tax: income tax, which is a tax levied on the taxpayer’s income. First created in the UK.

105) Income tax on foreign-invested enterprises and foreign enterprises: also known as foreign enterprise income tax, it refers to the income tax on production, operation income and other income of foreign-invested enterprises in China, as well as on the production and operation income of foreign enterprises in China. A tax levied on , business income and other income.

106) Property tax: refers to a local tax levied on people who own taxable property. Such as property tax, deed tax, etc.

107) Specific behavior tax: also known as specific purpose tax, refers to a tax levied on the implementation of certain statutory behaviors. Including vehicle and vessel use tax, stamp duty, etc.

108) Resource tax: refers to the tax on resource holders, that is, the tax on units and individuals who develop and use our country’s resources, based on differences in resource structure and development and sales conditions in various places. A tax levied on income.

109) Tax management system: refers to the system that divides tax management authority between the central and local governments. my country's current tax management system is "unified leadership, hierarchical management", that is, it is divided into central and local levels.

110) Collection management system: refers to the work procedures for taxation departments to carry out taxation work in accordance with tax laws. It generally consists of three links: management, inspection and collection.

111) Central Bank: The People's Bank of China is the central bank of our country. All its capital is funded by the state and belongs to the state. It is the issuing bank, the government's bank, the bank's bank. It is the functional department of the State Council that supervises and manages the national financial industry.

112) Commercial bank: It is a profit-oriented enterprise legal person whose business is to absorb deposits, grant loans, handle settlements, etc. It uses currency as a commodity to conduct business activities and provides financial services by buying and selling currency. activities to earn profits.

113) Price law: It is the general term for legal norms that adjust price relationships. Generally speaking, the adjustment objects of the price law refer to various price relationships related to the formulation, execution and supervision of prices.

114) Auditing: refers to the supervision activities conducted by specialized agencies and professionals to review and evaluate the finances, financial revenue and expenditures and related economic activities of state agencies, enterprises and institutions in accordance with the law.

115) Measurement law: It is the general term for the legal norms that adjust measurement relationships.

116) Standardization Law: It is the general term for the state’s legal norms related to standardization for scientific management of modern production.

117) Standardization: Mainly an activity that provides solutions to problems that are repeatedly applied in the fields of science, technology and economics, with the purpose of obtaining order.

118) Natural Resources Law: It is a general term for the legal norms that regulate the economic relationships that occur in the management, protection, development, and utilization of natural resources.

119) Land Management Law: It is the general term for the legal norms that regulate the economic relationships that occur in the management, protection, development and utilization of land.

120) Forest Law: It is a general term for the legal norms that regulate the economic relationships that occur in the management, protection, logging, utilization of forest resources and afforestation of forests and forest trees.

121) Water Law: It is a general term for the legal norms that regulate the economic relationships that occur in the development, utilization, management, protection, and elimination of water.

122) Arbitration: Also known as arbitral tribunal, it refers to an activity in which disputes between parties are mediated by an arbitration institution and a judgment or award is made.

123) Economic justice: refers to the activities of people’s courts and people’s procuratorates conducting trials and prosecutions of economic dispute cases and economic crime cases in accordance with the law. Economic justice includes two aspects: the economic trial system and the economic procuratorial system.

124) Economic Prosecution: Refers to the People’s Procuratorate’s activities in accordance with legal provisions to procure criminal activities in the economic field, carry out legal supervision, and exercise procuratorial power.

125) Transfer of land use rights: refers to the act of land users transferring their land use rights again.

126) Marketable securities: Generally speaking, securities can be divided into priceless securities and marketable securities. Marketable securities refer to ownership or debt certificates with a certain face value that prove that the holder can obtain a certain amount of income on time. Negotiable securities in the narrow sense refer to capital securities, and negotiable securities in the broad sense also include currency securities.

127) Securities Law: It is the general term for the legal norms that regulate the economic relationships that occur during the issuance, trading and supervision of securities.

128) Securities issuance: refers to the behavior of an approved and qualified securities issuer selling securities to investors in accordance with certain procedures for the purpose of raising funds. The securities issuance market is also called the primary market.

129) Securities underwriting: refers to the underwriting method in which the securities company purchases all the issuer's securities in accordance with the agreement, or purchases all the remaining securities after the sale on its own at the end of the underwriting period.

130) Securities agency sales: refers to the underwriting method in which a securities company sells securities on behalf of the issuer and returns all unsold securities to the issuer at the end of the underwriting period.

131) Securities trading: refers to the act of exchanging securities that have been issued again between different securities investors. According to different securities trading venues, it can be divided into stock exchange trading and non-centralized bidding trading. The securities trading market is also called the secondary market.

132) Stock exchange: It is a place for centralized bidding transactions of securities. It is divided into two types: one is a "membership-based" non-profit legal person, and the other is a "corporate-based" for-profit legal person. Our country adopts the former.

133) Securities company: refers to a limited liability company or a joint-stock company that engages in securities business in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law and the approval of the Securities Regulatory Authority of the State Council. The state implements classified management of securities companies, which are divided into comprehensive securities companies and brokerage securities companies.

134) Presentment for acceptance: refers to the act of the holder presenting a bill of exchange to the payee and requesting payment from the payee.

135) Land use rights allocation: refers to the approval by the people's government at or above the county level in accordance with the law to hand over the land to the land user after paying compensation, resettlement and other fees, or to hand over the land use rights free of charge The act of giving land users access.

136) Macroeconomic control: refers to the state’s regulation and control of the overall activities of the national economy in order to achieve a basic balance of the total economic volume, promote the optimization of the economic structure, and guide the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy. The economic relationships that occur in the process of macro-control using indirect means are referred to as macro-economic control relationships.

137) Operation and management rights: refers to the rights enjoyed by enterprises in accordance with the law when conducting production and business activities. The content of business management rights includes all aspects of production, supply, sales, personnel, finance, and materials.

138) Right of request: refers to the right to request the infringer to stop the infringement and to request relevant state agencies to protect its legitimate rights and interests when the legitimate rights and interests of an economic law subject are infringed upon.

139) Kickback: refers to the amount of money or interest paid by the operator to the other party's unit or individual in the form of a fixed amount of remuneration during the market transaction process. price securities.

140) Commission: refers to the remuneration received by an independent intermediary in market trading activities for providing services, introductions, brokering transactions, or buying or selling goods for others.

141) Right of recourse: also known as the right to claim for repayment, it is the right that the holder can exercise against the obligor of the amount of the bill that should be repaid after exercising or preserving the rights on the bill. The right of recourse can only be exercised if the right to claim for payment cannot be realized.

142) Service inventions: refer to service inventions and creations completed by staff of enterprises, institutions, social groups, and state agencies when they perform the tasks of their own units or mainly by utilizing the material conditions of their own units. The right to apply for a patent belongs to the unit.

143) Common inventors (designers): An invention-creation completed by two or more people together becomes a common invention-creation. The person who completes the invention is called the joint inventor or joint designer.

144) Trademark Law: It is the general term for the legal norms that regulate the social relations that occur in the process of confirming and protecting the exclusive rights to trademarks and the use of trademarks.

145) Exclusive right to register a trademark: It means that the owner of a registered trademark has the exclusive right to use all his registered trademarks. Without his permission, no one is allowed to use the same product or similar products without his permission. Use a trademark that is identical or similar to its registered trademark.

146) Plan comprehensive balance: It is the basic method of preparing plans. Comprehensive balance means the unified coordination and reasonable arrangement of the human, material and financial resources of the whole society to achieve an overall balance between social production and social needs, so that social production can develop in a generally proportional and coordinated manner.

147) Energy Law: It is a general term for the legal norms that regulate the economic relationships that occur in the management, protection, development, production, utilization and conservation of energy.

148) Real estate mortgage: refers to the act in which the mortgagor provides debt performance guarantee to the mortgagee with its legal real estate without transferring possession. When the debtor fails to perform its debts, the mortgagee has the right to be repaid first with the proceeds from the auction of the mortgaged real estate in accordance with the law.

149) Joint venture agreement: refers to a document entered into by the parties to a joint venture when they agree on certain key points and principles for establishing a joint venture. With the consent of all parties to the joint venture, it is also possible to conclude only a joint venture contract and articles of association instead of a joint venture agreement.

150) Joint venture contract: refers to the document entered into by the parties to the joint venture to reach an agreement on mutual rights and obligations for the purpose of establishing a joint venture. If there is any conflict between the joint venture agreement and the joint venture contract, the joint venture contract shall prevail.

151) Articles of Association of a joint venture: It is a document that stipulates the purpose, organizational principles, operation and management methods and other matters of the joint venture with the unanimous consent of all parties to the joint venture in accordance with the principles stipulated in the joint venture contract.