Jixia Village is the second largest administrative village in Gan Tang, pingnan county, Ningde City, and the hometown of historical celebrity Gan Guobao. At present, the village has a population of more than 1,7 people and 368 households, and has jurisdiction over 2 natural villages and 18 villagers' groups. It has a long international history, features ancient buildings, a lot of scenic spots and historical sites, and a strong historical and cultural atmosphere. Xiaji is located in the south of pingnan county, on the bank of Longji River in the south basin at the foot of Xiuli Wenbi Mountain, bordering Liping in the east, 15 axioms from the county seat, 11 axioms from the front yard to Changqiao in the west, 5 axioms from Yangtouzhai to Wenbi Peak in the north, 9 axioms from Badi to the township in the south, the village faces east and west, and Lushe is built along the mountain. The whole ancient village is built in the shape of a mortar, surrounded by mountains and surrounded by streams.
second, the international historical evolution and administrative division changes.
the name of gan originated from gan pan, the prime minister of Wu Ding in the Shang dynasty. The father of Ganpan was named Fu, who became a doctor when he was a junior, and his wife, Gongsun, gave the stone plate a bath on the night of delivery, and was born after waking up. Fu Gong heard that the dream was named Bo Zhuo. At that time, the place of residence was the fief of the Xia Dynasty warlord Gan Guo, so he took Gan as his surname. International Xia was formerly under the jurisdiction of Gutian County, formerly known as Longjixia Village (now Gan Tang Township Xiacun), the 22nd capital of Hengxili, Gutian County, Fujian Province. Ganxi Kuanggong, the ancestor of the world, entered Fujian from Zhejiang in the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1437) and settled in the world for 569 years. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), after Pingnan established the county, the original 22 capitals were changed to 1 capitals in pingnan county. At that time, the village was named Longji Ganxi, referred to as Longji Ocean for short, and the county people were called Guojixia, and because of their pure surname, they were often called Ganjixia. In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), in August, Pingnan set up a district office, which implemented the Baojia system and set up three districts in the county. International Xiacun is an international insurance company and the seat of the joint insurance office. It is under the jurisdiction of the Third Regional Department (Changqiao). In February of the 29th year of the Republic of China (194), the regional department was revoked, and there were 12 townships in the county, which were the seat of the township office. It was reorganized in May of the 33rd year of the Republic of China (1944), and the original 12 townships in the county were still the seat of the international Gan township office. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, namely, in 195, the Township People's Government was established under the jurisdiction of the third district. In 51, the county set up four districts and changed to the jurisdiction of the second district. In 52, the county set up six districts, and the fifth district office was located under the international district. In 1958, the district and township system was abolished, and five people's communes were established in the county, with production brigades under the jurisdiction of Gaofeng Commune. In 1983, the county changed to 11 townships, and the village committee was renamed as the village committee under the jurisdiction of Gan Tang Township People's Government.
third, characteristic culture.
1. Features of traditional architecture.
(1) Ancient village architecture. The construction of villages and towns has a strong flavor of ancient culture. The whole ancient village is built in the shape of a mortar. The political situation was turbulent because of bandits and sentient beings in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Therefore, the whole village is surrounded by city walls, gate towers and villages, so the layout of residential buildings is "mortar", which means that when bandits come, they can extend in all directions, which is convenient for refuge and defense.
(2) temples. The Gans Ancestral Hall in Xiaji is listed as one of the famous temples in the 11th Town of Fuzhou. It was built in the 15th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (181), and it is large and magnificent. The ancestral hall is a Ming-style building with civil masonry structure, with a width of 16.2 meters and a depth of 26 meters, covering an area of 416 square meters. The whole temple is surrounded by earth walls, and the outer walls are painted in red and gray. The hall is divided into front and back, and then the hall is the Grand Ancestral Hall. In the middle of the hall, there is a red painted shrine for the ancestors of the Dragon Sacrifice, such as Gan Xi Kuang Gong, Po and the ancestors above the tenth generation. Above the shrine, the plaque of "Chuitong Hall" is hung. Gan Guobao, a patriotic star of the Qing Dynasty and grandson of the ninth generation of Gan's family, hung high on the main beam. When he was the prefect of Guangdong in the thirty-third year (1768), he was given a gold plaque with the word "Fu", which added splendor to the ancestral hall. All the wooden columns in the ancestral hall were couplets written by famous people of Gan's family, and the writing was brilliant, especially in the main hall, with four red lacquer columns and five-character regular script couplets. The font was vigorous and powerful. At the beginning of the Republic of China, when Governor He Shude of Pingnan paid a visit to the ancestral temple, he specially signed a gold-lettered couplet entitled "Shide stayed in Pingjiao Stone for a long time, and made contributions to Zhejiang tide", adding color and luster to the ancestral temple. In addition, the descendants of Gan Siyu, the second son of Xi Kuang Gong, and Gan Liangqing, the fourth son of Si Yugong, respectively built the "Gan's Ancestral Temple" in Jiaqing and Daoguang years of Qing Dynasty. The name of Siyu Gong Temple is Longshan Gong Temple, the hall number is "Jichun Hall" and the Liangqing Gong Ancestral Temple number is "Shanjitang".
(3) the ancient city building. It has been listed as a county-level protected cultural relic. It was built in the fifth year of Tianshun in the Ming Dynasty (1461) and has been more than 54 years. The tower is located in the center of the international village, facing south to north, living in the village in the southeast, facing the Huaqiao in the west, and facing the tall and lush Wenbi Peak in the north, which is magnificent. The tower is a masonry and civil double-storey building, with a height of 8.5 meters, a width of 8.1 meters and a depth of 7.5 meters. The gate is a stone arc, with a width of 2 meters, a height of 2.6 meters and a thickness of 1.7 meters. The eaves on the roof are upturned, which looks quaint and solemn; On the city gate, there are four running script characters titled "International Water An Lan", which are vigorous and beautiful.
(4) Fairy Milk Temple, also known as the Dragon Sacrifice Fairy Palace, is a memorial hall for Ma Xianniang, the founder of the world-renowned dragon sacrifice. The present temple was rebuilt in 1569, the third year of Qin Long in the Ming Dynasty. The palace is located at the confluence of two streams in the village, facing north, facing Wenbi Peak from a distance, surrounded by streams on three sides in the southeast and west, surrounded by ancient trees and flowers, with beautiful scenery and quiet environment. The palace is a civil building, and its main hall is a dome with high artistry. The inner surface of the dome is connected by countless small pieces of finely carved wood, which are divided into nine levels from bottom to top. The shape is like a giant umbrella covered with tiles in eight squares, and the tiles are elegant and orderly. The top of the big gourd shaped by lime is like a giant umbrella standing straight in the sky. The appearance is a square red powder wall, and a plaque is hung on the center of the circular eaves, saying "Square Pot and Circle", which is the most realistic portrayal of this unique Ming Dynasty building. There are also three precious cultural relics preserved in the temple, namely, a beautifully carved incense table, a pair of stone lions and an ancient clock. This hall has been submitted for approval and listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit.
(5), Huaqiao. Built in the 41st year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (172), it still stands on the stream in the village of Jixia after more than 3 years of wind and rain. The east end of the bridge is adjacent to the ancient city building, and the west end is adjacent to the Shui Dui Building. The bridge is 4.5 meters wide/1 meters long. It is four eight-column lang bridges with two rows of backrest chairs, which can accommodate more than 5 people. There are painted pictures on the rafters and Fang at the top of the bridge. This bridge is the center of mass activities in the whole village, and it is a good place to talk about "family affairs, state affairs and what's going on in the world" and "the world, being a man and being a righteous person". Whether the mass activities in Huaqiao are active or not is the best witness to observe the prosperity of the village and even the society.
(6) Zhiguo Pavilion. Commonly known as the Four Corners Pavilion, it is located at the southern end of Jixia Village. Anyone who enters or leaves the village from the south must pass through this pavilion. The pavilion was built in the Qin Long period of Ming Dynasty, which is connected with the village road in the east and north, facing the stream in the west and the village avenue in the south and right. In the middle of the south, there are statues of warrior Guan Yunchang, Guan Ping and Zhou Cang on the shrine. In addition, the unique 15-column structure of the pavilion is also an activity place for Gan Guobao to play and practice martial arts when he was a child, so it has become the most iconic building in the international village. In the old society, the descendants of Gan who moved from the international village to other places must ask how many columns there are in the pavilion and how many steps there are in the east, south and north. Only when you get the right answer will you recognize your relatives, otherwise you will be regarded as not a real international village person.
(7), Gan Guobao's former residence. ① The former residence of Xiaoliyang Village, the birthplace, was built at the eastern end of the village by his grandfather Gan Yuangui during the period of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty. The house faces south, with a side ridge with 15 stone steps in front of the gate. The horizontal corridor in the middle of the gate leads directly to the outer corridor of the main house. The main house is a two-story civil structure, which is divided into two floors, with a hall in the front and a wing on both sides. There is a small hall in the middle, with a kitchen on the east and a bedroom on the west. Gan Guobao was born in this room. It is said that he was born and fell to the ground, and the ground is still there. ② The former residence of Jixia Village, the ancestral home, is located at the back road of Yuezi Village. It is a two-story civil building, with a depth of about 18 meters and a width of 13 meters. The main room has four 2 columns, and the upper and lower floors are divided into front and back. The middle of the hall is the big hall, and there are two hall rooms on the left and right sides of the wooden hall. There are small lanes (commonly known as wall lanes) on the left and right sides of the front hall that lead directly to the back kitchen. In the middle of the open air, when there is a semi-circular well at the bottom of the earth wall, its water is clear and sweet. The front door of the former residence is a brick door with two wooden doors. The tunnel in the door leads to the front hall, with patios on both sides, and corridors and corridors next to the patios.
(8) jubao bridge. Also known as Shuiwei Bridge, it sits south facing north and faces Daxi right, and even flies to the temple right to lift it down;
(9) Feilai Temple. At the end of the water, you sit on the Jubao Bridge from east to west, and you worship the lady of the temple.
2. Grave burial
(1) The tomb of Gan Xikuang, the ancestor of Longji Kaiji, is located on Houmen Mountain in the southeast of International Xia Village. Its grave hill shape is called gourd falling to the ground, and it has emerged from the water according to five lines of gossip. The existing tomb was rebuilt in the seventh year of Qing Daoguang (1827). It is made of bluestone, with a pavilion-like structure. It stands on the wine table stone. The main monument is 52 cm high and 4 cm wide, engraved with the inscription "The Emperor's obvious ancestor is a beautiful city in Gansu and Gongjia". The structure around the monument is a double-layer semi-circle connecting three stone pawns on both sides. In 1993, the tomb was repaired and the tomb was paved with cement concrete. On the left side of the tomb stands a monument to rebuild the tomb.
(2) The tomb of Gan Siyu Gong Cong, the second son of Xi Kuang Gong, the ancestor of the second year, was buried in the shape of mountain crab at the south back door of Jixia Village. It was rebuilt in the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, and all of them were made of cyan stone slabs, with a grand scale and magnificent momentum. The tomb was about 5 meters high and 14 meters deep. The height of the tomb is divided into three steps, with the widest point of 8.6 meters; The total depth is 8.4 meters; The tombstone-like book is 93 cm high and 2.5 meters wide, and the wine table stone is 3 meters long and 1.1 meters wide.
(3) The tomb of Zugan Liangtan, the third ancestor, is located in the local pear source of Xiaoliyang Village. Its mountain shape is like the head of an elephant, so it is called a pictographic tomb. The original tomb was built in the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. Due to its age and serious damage, its descendants donated money to rebuild it at the end of the 199s. The tombstone is still the original monument, with a height of 71 cm and a width of 65 cm. The inscription "Longji Gan" is engraved on the monument.
3. Material culture.
( 1) When Gan Guobao was the prefect of Guangdong Province, the word "Fu" was given by Qianlong in the thirty-third year, and it was still hung in the Ganshi Ancestral Hall in Jixia Village.
(2) Gan Guobao's original work refers to a painting of a tiger, which is now preserved by Gan Daichen, a descendant of Gan's family.
(3) Gan Guobao's colorful bust was lost overseas during the Cultural Revolution, and now it exists in the descendants' home of overseas Chinese Gan Weiqi living in Malaysia. At the same time, there is also an imperial edict given by Emperor Qianlong to Gan Guobao.
(4) Happy Valley. It is a place where the ancestors Xi Kuanggong and Si Yugong practiced horse racing and archery in order to defend themselves and prevent thieves from harassing and bullying. Today, the site is still preserved, and there are more than 2 great Jiangnan Metasequoia trees around the racecourse, which have beautiful scenery.
(5) There are 36 ancient scenic spots, including Yunlumen, Houmenling, Yingxian Bridge, Zhiguo Pavilion, Jubao Bridge, Juebi Pavilion, Dengying Palace, Lingyun Temple, Feilai Temple, Zhenggongtang, Dunshangyang, Jiexialing, Xinzhongpai, Old Long Bang, Yaotai Stone, Yuhufeng, Gandunpo and Huan.
(6) Today, there are eight scenic spots: the horse's head in the sky, the cow's hoof in the sleeping place, the golden rooster announcing the dawn, the colorful phoenix rising in the sun, the stone turtle Gongbei, the toad going to Hong Kong, the Japanese writing style, and the cross bridge locking the gun.
4. Historical celebrities.
Gan Guobao, whose surname is Zhao, is called He 'an, and she is famous for her fame and fortune. In the forty-eighth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (179), he was born in Xiaoliyang Village on May 14th, the ugly year of the lunar calendar. Since he was three years old, he has moved to Jixia Village, Changling Village, Songji Township, Gutian County and Wenrufang, Fuzhou City. Since childhood, he has been smart and eager to learn, and he is good at writing and martial arts. At the age of fourteen, he was among the best in the county-city boy test. At the age of nineteen, he took part in the county-city boy test and entered Panpan. At the age of twenty-one (in the seventh year of Qing Yongzheng), he took part in the township test and was selected as a bodyguard. Since then, he has entered the official career. Since the third year of Qianlong (1738), he has successively served as a guerrilla in Biaoyi Town, Guangdong Province, an assistant commander in Nanxiong, an assistant commander in Houying (who is also the supervisor of Biaoying Navy), an assistant commander in Zhaoqing Navy, an assistant commander in Xiangshan in Hukoumen and Dongting in Huguang, Weining Town in Guizhou, Yanzhou Town in Shandong, Susong Town in Jiangnan, Wenzhou Town in Zhejiang, Nan 'ao Town in Fujian and Guangdong, and Kaihua in Yunnan. In 32 years, Ganlong was promoted to the prefect of Guangdong, and in 34 years, he was transferred to the prefect of Fujian Province and the minister of reading exercises in Fujian Province. He died of illness from overwork in the 41st year of Ganlong (1776) at the official residence of Quanzhou at the age of 68. Gan Guobao served his country faithfully, was selfless and fearless, was honest and upright, regarded the people as parents and treated his subordinates as brothers. He made outstanding contributions and gained a great reputation. He is the fourth historical celebrity in Fujian Province.
5. Special cultural activities.
① Wushu activities. International Wushu has a long history and is famous far and wide. After the ancestor settled in the village, in order to avoid harassment by thieves and bandits, he hired a martial artist to practice martial arts in the village. Since then, he has learned martial arts and carried it forward. Around the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the seventh generation of Yuan Pin Gong had little ambition and great heroism. Because the martial arts of his ancestors were not satisfied, he went abroad to learn martial arts and was well taught. He was proficient in all 18 kinds of martial arts and was good at flying over the eaves and walls. Yuan Pingong is willing to carry forward the martial arts he has learned. At that time, mass martial arts training was carried out for the young people in the village. After collecting spare time every year, there were many halls in the village to practice martial arts. Up to now, the village still retains the tools for practicing martial arts in those days. Such as: 2 stone locks, 5 kg each, and 2 stone balls, 1 kg each. About Qingkang, martial arts developed faster under the age of harmony. For example, the national treasure is fond of martial arts, and should be tested by military children. The Chinese martial arts juren and Wu Jinshi became famous soldiers in the Qing Dynasty, and they will shine in the future. The Dragon Climber, who was a little later than the National Treasure Duke, was also interested in practicing martial arts and won the martial arts. After Guobao Gong and Panlong Gong practiced martial arts. The villagers think that learning weapons is not as convenient as learning boxing. At that time, six brothers, Gan Cao and Gan, went to Minnan one by one to visit famous boxing teachers. In Yongchun, they happened to meet Master Zheng Yuanhui, the son of Zheng Litai, a famous martial arts teacher in Shaolin, and immediately hired him to teach them. Because Gan Cao and Gan Liu brothers studied hard and practiced hard, and they were upright, they got master Zheng Yuanhui's martial arts biography and prescription for traumatology. Since then, tiger boxing has taken root and carried forward in the international arena. The military masters in the past dynasties are: Siyu Gong, Yuan Pin Gong, Guobao Gong, Panlong Gong, Gan Cao, Gan Liu, Gan Mao Yuan, Gan Zhengyi, Gan Wangzai, etc., and the boxing types include Tiger Boxing, Bench Kungfu, Hoe Kungfu and Bamboo Kungfu.
② fairy welcoming activities. Every year in June of the lunar calendar, 7 to 9 people form the leader of the fairy welcoming activity, and go to Longji Fairy Palace to choose the date of the activity. The activities of welcoming immortals pray for all village officials to become rich, have a prosperous harvest and be happy and healthy. During the activity, there were three days and three nights of acting. At the beginning of the activity, big men carried fairy sedan chairs, incense pavilions, incense tables, etc., while other big men and young women carried flags with plaques. The ranks ranged from several hundred people, and the ranks were magnificent, as if the emperor were out of the city. In short, the village has a long history, the characteristics of ancient buildings, cultural activities and other profound cultural heritage, and the ancient buildings and ancient cultures are well protected. Since 24, our rural areas have attached great importance to it, and we have set up a leading group for the protection of historical relics and the development of historical culture, and formulated a plan for the construction of internationally famous historical villages. Therefore, it has the conditions of a famous historical and cultural village.