The daily diet of different Dongxiang people
The Dongxiang people located in Gansu Province have their own ethnic characteristics and culture. Their culture is so rich that it’s tempting to explore one after another. "Food is the first priority for the people." Of course, the Dongxiang people are no exception. Their long culture has created a rich food culture. Do you want to know the different daily diets of the Dongxiang people?
Daily meals
The Dongxiang people’s daily diet is mainly wheat, highland barley, corn, beans, millet, buckwheat, flax and "Dongxiang potatoes", which are delicious and delicious. . Dongxiang potatoes are rich in water, sweet and sandy in taste, and have high starch content. Dongxiang people often eat potatoes as snacks, vinegar, vermicelli and other foods, which are deeply loved by people.
The non-staple food is tender and mellow "stacked sheep", beef, chicken, eggs, vegetables and fruits. They eat three meals a day, and cooking with a variety of ingredients is a prominent feature of their diet. For example, barley fried noodles are mixed with sesame seeds to make thick soup; young wheat ears are cooked and ground into "wheat straw" and mixed with stir-fried vegetables, oil, chili pepper, and minced garlic. Mix highland barley and soybeans, grind them into powder, and mix them with acid water to make a dough; stir the flour into a paste, add potato cubes and acid water to make "loose rice". Add leeks, carrots, pickles, green onions, peppers, minced garlic, and sour water to the thick batter to make a "stirring ball." "Rehoboam porridge" is made from various grains and is made from beef, sheep, head and hoof soup.
The Dongxiang people’s diet also has a single ingredient, such as the “pot bottom” made from fermented highland barley, “Guo Qiong buns” made from hard dough cooked in a pot, and “guoqiong buns” made from germinated wheat ground into a paste. "bud flavor", "rice nest" in double-layer pancakes, and "rice noodle nest" in which millet flour is stirred into a paste with boiling water and baked in a kang hole. Because a lot of grain has to be ground in advance, every household in Dongxiang has a pair of exquisite small stone mills.
In their daily diet, the Dongxiang people have a special preference for potato products, which is almost inseparable from their diet. At the same time, it is baked in the ashes of the kang fire, sometimes placed on the fire, sometimes stir-fried with shredded mutton, and sometimes boiled with highland barley powder, pickled cabbage, and garlic paste. It is really a changing process.
Eating Pattern
The Dongxiang people have three meals a day, sitting cross-legged around the Kang table. Women usually eat at separate tables. When guests arrive home, they must sit on the kang. Then serve guests with teacups, cakes, wheat straw, fried potatoes with chili, etc. "Maisuo" is a food with Dongxiang flavor. Unripe barley or barley is picked and steamed. Use a small stone grinder to make a cylinder the size of a chopstick head, then mix it with garlic and chili powder and eat it. It has unique local characteristics and is a precious food for the Dongxiang people to entertain guests.
Sometimes they also entertain customers with food such as oil, mutton and chicken. The Dongxiang people attach great importance to entertaining guests with chickens. The host must respect the guests and let them eat the chicken tail first. If the guest refuses, it is impolite and will cause displeasure to the host. The burial customs of the Dongxiang people are also very unique. The host entertains male guests. Generally speaking, the host will serve tea and vegetables to the guests on the edge of the Kang. They don't sit or eat alone, and women usually avoid them. The hostess entertains the guests, and the hostess can sit down and have dinner with the guests.
Meat products in Dongxiang
Dongxiang meat products, especially hand-caught mutton, are very unique. If you eat sheep, the whole sheep will be cooked in the pot. Put the chopped offal into a bowl, mix it with ginger, rice, pepper, green onion, and refined salt, and steam it in a cage. When eating, the skin of the whole sheep is served first, so there is a saying that "the skin served first is more fragrant than the meat served later". When the whole sheep is served, all the parts should be placed on the table one by one so that everything on the table is complete.
The boiled mutton soup is served with a little lean meat and various seasonings, and finally with "full fat". Now the Dongxiang people have changed this way of eating to catching mutton, which is popular all over the country. Another example is chicken, which is usually divided into 13 pieces such as chicken head, crotch, thigh, spoon meat, wishbone, chicken wings, and chicken head. Old people eat big pieces, young people eat small pieces, and chicken strips are the most valuable. Generally speaking, only guests at the table and the elderly are eligible to enjoy it.
Dongxiang’s banquet
Dongxiang’s banquet is also very unique. Every festival has a "Gulong Yijie Banquet", which means "eating spaghetti". The main foods include fried oil, sesame paste, shortcakes, medium cakes, Shiha, technetium pot, buckwheat pancakes, bean sprouts, rice noodle nests, etc.
In addition, we also need to eat a particularly delicious meat porridge, similar to the meat and oil rice that the Hui people like to eat. Dongxiang people call it "Luoboan".
Its method is to add wheat, highland barley, broad beans, lentils, corn, and shredded pork to the broth and boil it into a delicious paste. If soaked in oil, this is the best food for Dongxiang people. After the guests arrive, they all go to the hotel, and the host is responsible for entertaining them without accompanying them. Before the banquet started, the respected old man gave a eulogy, and everyone listened attentively. This is the "end of sentence". After that, everyone was chatting while eating, talking about the mountains, the South China Sea, and the North Sea. That's the theory. The greater the guest's appetite and the more peaceful the mood, the happier the host will be, which means that the food is exquisite, the guest is satisfied and hospitable.
"Duanquan Sheep" is a grand etiquette for the Dongxiang people to entertain distinguished guests. The "whole sheep" of the Dongxiang people does not mean to serve the cooked whole sheep on the table, but to put the neck, ribs, front legs, hind legs and tail gradually on a plate according to the parts of the whole sheep. Picky people entertain guests and sometimes serve fried pork liver, which is also called "mutton skewers". "Both sides of the meat skewers are full of meat flavor" is a saying of the Dongxiang people.
Have a "cocktail feast". According to the Dongxiang people, the top of a chicken is its head. When visiting Dongxiang people, the host will serve the guests according to the identity of the newcomer. First give up your seat and let the older guests sit in the middle of the table. Then the host makes a "three-cup table" and covers the tea for the guests. After drinking three rounds of tea, some young people brought oil, which was yellow and crispy, followed by hair, stir-fried vegetables, and mutton. The last dish had to be chicken.
When the Dongxiang people eat chicken, they will ask the imam to kill and cook the chicken, and then cut it into 13 pieces according to the parts of the chicken. First cut off the two legs, two legs, and two spoons of the chicken, then cut the chicken wings and legs into four pieces, cut the fork meat on the chicken breast into two pieces, and the remaining piece is the tailbone or chicken head.
According to the qualifications of the guests, after the cut chicken pieces are eaten, the host will distribute some chicken pieces to the most distinguished guests. The tipped guests did not eat immediately, but picked up the tip as a courtesy to those they considered prestigious and their peers. Generally speaking, dinner party guests behave politely toward each other. This is a polite procedure that adds to the atmosphere of warm greeting and humility.
However, no one can accept a polite tip. If someone eats chicken wings on Dongxiang noodles, it means that he represents the guests at the table and has accepted the hospitality of the host. This shows that he is the host and guest, and today's banquet is prepared for his arrival. Customers who eat chicken wings are also very satisfied and proud to be respected by customers.
There is also a story about how to eat a cocktail banquet. It is said that a long time ago, a Dongxiang ethnic group invited a celebrity from Waizhuang Village and a gentleman from the village to their home. Surprisingly, the chicken head at the banquet was roughly eaten by the village gentleman. The guests from other villages left immediately, thinking they were distinguished guests and wanted to eat chicken heads. As a result, he was eaten by others, which showed that his personality was not respected and he left the table angrily. After the incident, this respected man made a judgment. Finally, the gentleman from this village took S
In the spare time life of the Dongxiang people, a dozen people who get along well with each other often have the habit of "tying the knot", that is, no one except one person If you work for money, everyone else will share a sheep with the owner. From now on, each family will take turns being the master. If Dong Dan took his sheep and folded them into money and food, they would share. When the host cooks, he must prepare oil incense, steamed buns, and tea bowls respectively. He will cook the mutton, divide it into six large pieces, namely breast meat, pork, ribs, front leg meat, hind leg meat, and tail meat, and then pile them into a pile, one piece for each person.
The minced haggis and neck meat are cooked into soup, which is also a big bowl for each person. If you can't finish it, you can take it home. In addition to a piece of meat and a bowl of soup, the owner also received a sheepskin. During the meal, everyone "chatted" happily while eating. No matter how long it takes, the owner will take care of it to the end. This gathering showed Dongxiang farmers’ psychology of seeking friendship and support, as well as their desire for equal cooperation and good-neighborly relations.
Daily Beverages
Dongxiang people like to drink tea. They like to drink Yunnan spring tea and Shaanxi green tea. Guests will enjoy "Three Spices Tea". Ordinary people cannot drink tea with every meal. Most people use a tureen to make tea, but some people like to use a small teapot to make tea. When tea was in short supply, people would also pick some local hay to make tea. The Dongxiang people call daily tea drinking "Guawan", which means not only drinking tea, but also chatting. Tea, rock sugar, longan or red dates, raisins, dried apricots, etc. They are all placed in a bowl of tea, which is called a "three bubble table".