Daxinganling:

Daxing 'anling is the western part of Xing 'anling, [1] is located in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and it is the watershed between Inner Mongolia Plateau and Songliao Plain. It starts from Heilongjiang in the north and reaches the upper reaches of Xilamulun River in the south, showing a northeast-southwest trend. Total length 1, more than 200 kilometers, width 200-300 kilometers, altitude 1, 654,38+0,400 meters, the main peak is Soyurki Mountain. Daxinganling, with dense virgin forests, is one of the important forestry bases in China. The main tree species are Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica.. Quercus mongolica, Picea koraiensis, Betula platyphylla, Quercus mongolica and Populus davidii.

Daxing 'anling terrain is high in the west and low in the east, which is located at the eastern edge of the secondary terrace, [2] the junction of the secondary terrace and the tertiary terrace, the tertiary terrace is in the east of Daxing 'anling and the secondary terrace is in the west of Daxing 'anling. The landform formation of Daxing 'anling Mountain has obvious asymmetric shape. The terrain of the whole area is generally northeast-southwest and belongs to shallow hill landform. North, west and middle high. The average altitude is 573 meters; The highest peak, Huanggang Liang, is 2029 meters above sea level (the highest peak is Huda White Mountain, the main peak of Ilhuli Mountain, with an altitude of 1528.7 meters); Lowest elevation180m, Jiangyan Village, Sanka Township, Huma County. Leng Xia is warm in winter, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. The annual average temperature is -2.8℃, the lowest temperature is -52.3℃, the frost-free period is 90- 1 10 days, and the annual average precipitation is 746 mm, which belongs to the continental monsoon climate of cold temperate zone.

Daxinganling is located in the northeast of China (between east longitude 12 1 12' and 127 00'; North latitude 5010' to 53 33'. East and west span six longitudes, and north and south span three latitudes. (4), which borders Xiaoxing 'an Mountains in the east, the vast Songnen Plain in the south and Russia in the north, is the main mountain system in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a length of about1.220km (about1.400km) from north to south, and is the watershed between the Inner Mongolia Plateau and the Songliao Plain.

The watershed between the Liaohe River system, Songhua River system and Nenjiang River system on the east side of Daxing 'anling Mountains and the source and tributaries of Heilongjiang River on the northwest side is injected into the Mongolian Plateau from the west slope of Shannan section.

Formation process

Daxinganling area is the geological belt of the third uplift of New China in North China. The Upper Proterozoic Mongolian Trough is a primitive ocean and the product of the "Wutai Movement" in the early geological structure. In Paleozoic, during the Caledonian intense crustal movement, the land-sea interbedded strata appeared in this area. From Carboniferous to Permian, after the "Hercynian Movement", the seawater drained eastward, and the whole area rose to land, forming the embryonic form of the Daxinganling fold belt and the Ilhuli Mountain system, which moved northeast and southwest.

Yanshan movement from Mesozoic, late Jurassic to early Cretaceous caused strong folds, faults and volcanic eruptions in this area. In addition, the Siberian plate collided with the China plate, and the Daxinganling fold belt was further lifted, forming a Neocathaysian uplift belt and a stepped fault zone, with the main axis extending northeast.

During the Cenozoic era, the uplift zone and regional fault zone of the Early Tertiary Daxinganling Mountains continued to rise steadily. After a long period of erosion and denudation, the "Xing 'an planation plane" appeared. "Himalayan Movement" caused new folds and large fractures in this area, and volcanic eruption was fierce, and many fault zones such as Heilongjiang River, Huma River, Duobucur River, Ganhe River and Pangu River appeared. After Quaternary, Daxing 'anling continued to rise slowly and developed into Daxing 'anling, fault zone and river valley.

soil environment

The content of soil organic matter and trace elements peculiar to Daxinganling region ranks first in China, which is fertile and pollution-free. Daxinganling is a permafrost zone, located in the south of the permafrost zone. The straight line to the west of Pangu River and the source from south to east is a large permafrost zone, and the rest is an island permafrost zone.

Forest soil types in Daxinganling, Inner Mongolia mainly include brown coniferous forest soil, dark brown soil, gray black soil, meadow soil and swamp soil.

Main mountain range

Chaihe Tianchi Halaha Volcano Group, located in Aershan, is one of the important volcanic groups in Daxinganling region, with a concentrated distribution area of 3,500 square kilometers, ranking first in Asia and second in the world. There are more than 50 volcanic cones, hundreds of volcanic hills, 7 high-crater lakes (Tianchi) and dozens of lava barrier lakes, among which the famous ones are Yesong Lake, Dujuan Lake, Wusu Langzi Lake, Minglu Lake and various lava landforms. The lava dome distributed in Daheigou area is the only largest basalt landform in China at present.

Yaoquan Mountain: also known as Blissful Mountain, is located in the south of Wudalianchi Volcano Group. It broke out about 300 thousand years ago. The volcano is 355.8 meters above sea level and 60.8 meters above the ground. It looks like a mountain from a distance. It is the lowest and smallest volcano in Wudalianchi Volcano Group, but its shape is very typical.

Dabaishan: Dabaishan is located in Huzhong National Nature Reserve, the largest forest ecological nature reserve in the northern temperate zone, and is the highest peak in the northern section of Daxing 'anling Mountains. The mountain is steep in the south and gentle in the north, with a high altitude, with the highest peak of 1528.7 meters. It has typical landscape characteristics of vertical belt of forest vegetation. In May and June, you can often see snow-capped mountains and lush trees below. There are mountain springs on the mountainside of Dabai Mountain, and there are many rocky seas and stone ears on the top of the mountain. The flat land at the lower part of the hillside forms a stone pile, a stone sea and a stone river.

Huanggangliang is the highest peak in Daxing 'anling, with an altitude of 2029 meters. Huanggangliang National Forest Park is located in the northeast of Hexigten Banner, Inner Mongolia. The most complete Quaternary glacier is preserved in Huanggangliang area, which is a typical valley glacier with various types. There are ice buckets, U-shaped valleys, ice mounds, terminal moraines, lateral moraines, striped boulders and other glacial remains on both sides of Huanggang Beam. Known as the Ice Valley Forest, it is the most well-preserved and complete glacier landform and scientific research value discovered so far. [8]

The main watershed between Heilongjiang and the main vein of Daxing 'anling in the south is Mount Emur, with an average elevation of about 1000 meters, which constitutes the eastern mountain belt. The Huoluotai Mountain between the Laochao River and the Dalin River is 927 meters above sea level, with a slightly lower terrain, which constitutes the central part of the north-south trend. The west is the main vein at the northern end of Daxing 'anling Mountains, and the watershed elevation is above 1 000 meters. The terrain is high, which constitutes the north, south and west of Zhongshan District.

Changbai Mountain

Changbai Mountain Scenic Area is located in the southeast of Jilin Province, adjacent to North Korea in the southeast, on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, 34 kilometers away from Changbai Mountain, and the binocular peak is 65 kilometers away from the border between China and North Korea, covering an area of 52.42 square kilometers.

geographical position

Changbai Mountain Scenic Area is located in Chibei District, Erdaobaihe Town, Antu County, Yanbian City, southeast of Jilin Province. It is located on the map from E 127 42' 55 "to E 128 16' 48" and N4 1' 49 "to N42 5650".

topography

Changbai Mountain Scenic Area is located on the edge of East Asia continent, near the Pacific strong fold belt. Before the Mesozoic era, 200 million to 75 million years ago, there were many crustal changes and ancient rock formations were formed. The Mesozoic experienced hundreds of millions of years of wind and rain erosion, forming a series of intermountain basins. In the Cenozoic, it became a quasi-plain dotted with rolling hills. The landscape of the scenic spot is a typical volcanic landscape. It is mainly composed of basalt platform, basalt plateau and volcanic cone from bottom to top with altitude. On the vast basalt platform and basalt plateau, it is the main peak of the volcanic cone-Changbai Mountain. The basalt plateau (also known as the piedmont inclined plateau) is located between the basalt platform and the volcanic cone, which is an obvious inclined zone. Generally, the ground slope is about 10 degree, and the altitude is about 1 0,000-10,800 meters, which is the transition zone from steep volcanic cone to basalt platform.

Climatic characteristics

Changbai Mountain Scenic Area belongs to temperate continental mountain climate affected by monsoon, which has obvious vertical climate change besides the characteristics of general mountain climate. The general characteristics are long and cold winter, short and cool summer, windy and dry spring and foggy and cool autumn. The annual average temperature is between -7℃ and 3℃, and the average temperature in July does not exceed 10℃. The annual precipitation is between 700 ~ 1400mm, and the precipitation from June to September accounts for 60% ~ 70% of the annual precipitation. Cloudy, windy and low air pressure are the main features of the main peak climate in Changbai Mountain.