Located in: Linhe District, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia
Linhe District is located in northern China and the western part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the hinterland of the Hetao Plain, above the "Ji" bend of the Yellow River, and to the south. The Ordos Plateau faces each other across the river, is surrounded by the Yinshan Mountains in the north, and is closely connected with the Urad Grassland in the east. It is the political, economic, cultural, transportation and information center of Bayannur City. The geographical coordinates are 107 degrees 6 minutes - 107 degrees 44 minutes, and the north latitude is 40 degrees 34 minutes - 41 degrees 17 minutes. The total area of ??the district is 2,354 square kilometers, of which the district area is 29.1 square kilometers. The district governs 11 towns and 3 townships, and has 10 street offices in the urban area. There are 14 ethnic groups in the district, including Mongolian, Han, and Hui, with a population of 520,000, of which 260,000 are in the urban area.
Linhe District has a temperate continental climate, with an average temperature of 6.8°C, an average precipitation of more than 140 mm, and strong and long sunshine. The temperature difference between day and night is large, and the frost-free period is about 140 days. The region has a land area of ??3.49 million acres, including 1.92 million acres of cultivated land. The entire territory is flat, with fertile soil and abundant water resources. The Yellow River is diverted for gravity irrigation, which is suitable for the growth of a variety of crops, animals and plants. It has unique natural advantages for the development of agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, breeding and tourism. It has been known as "the Yellow River's Hundred Harms" since ancient times. It has the reputation of "being rich only" and "fortressing the south of the Yangtze River".
Linhe District has convenient transportation. The railway artery connecting the northwest (Beijing-Lanzhou Railway) crosses the territory, and National Highway 110 crosses the urban area. There are 2,400 kilometers of graded highways in urban and rural areas and 430 kilometers of district-to-rural roads. The communications industry has developed rapidly, and program-controlled telephones cover urban and rural areas.
Linhe District is a young city, a developing city, and an open city. Along with the east wind of the motherland's reform and opening up, Linhe District proposed the grand goal of building a "Northern Sheep City" at the beginning of the new millennium, and established the development idea of ??"establishing industry, driving urban areas, and breeding to enrich the people." The district committee and government actively adapted to the requirements of WTO accession, Optimizing the economic structure, accelerating scientific and technological progress, transforming government functions, and regulating the economic environment; focusing on accelerating the development of industrialization, promoting urbanization, and enhancing industrialization, the region's economic and social undertakings have shown a good trend of sustained and rapid development. In 2003, the region's GDP reached 4.63 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15%; fiscal revenue exceeded the 300 million yuan mark; the economic structure has undergone qualitative changes, the three industrial structures have gradually become more reasonable, and the regional comprehensive economic strength has entered the western region. Ranked among the top 50 counties in the top 100 counties for comprehensive competitiveness.
The local industries in Linhe District are mainly cashmere spinning, food, clothing, metallurgy, chemicals, building materials, wine, pharmaceuticals, and ethnic products, with more than 200 products. At present, there are 625 agricultural and livestock product processing enterprises (including individual industrial and commercial households) in the region, including 37 agricultural and livestock product processing enterprises above designated size. Hengfeng Group, Jinchuan Health Beer, Delis Food, Weixin Group, etc. have become leading enterprises in the region, with their products selling well across the country and becoming famous at home and abroad.
The special natural environment has created the special quality of agricultural and sideline products in Linhe District. Green and specialty agriculture are booming, basically forming a planting pattern with three parts (grain, economy, and feed) and an industrial pattern of forestry and animal husbandry in the north and south, dehydrated vegetables in the west, specialty melons and fruits in the east, and protected areas in suburban areas. The main crops include wheat, corn, sunflower, sugar beet, etc.; economic fruits and native products include honeydew melon, watermelon, apple pear, wolfberry, potato, leek, beans, green pepper, tomato, etc.; the wheat produced is national first-class high-quality wheat , is an important production base of high-quality agricultural and livestock products in my country, and is the "Hometown of Apples and Pears in China". Four towns and villages in the region have been designated as Beijing Guangdong Vegetable Base, and 14 towns have been certified by the autonomous region as pollution-free production bases. The autonomous region’s first green food production base has been built. It has been designated as an agricultural standardization demonstration county by the Ministry of Agriculture and rated as “ One of the “Top Ten Fruit and Vegetable Counties in China”.
The pace of urban infrastructure construction in Linhe District is accelerating, and urban functions are improving day by day, laying a solid foundation for Linhe District's economic development and sustainable urban development. The pavement rate of roads in urban built-up areas has reached 96%, the drainage benefit area in built-up areas has reached 95%, and the water supply penetration rate has reached 95%. Main and secondary arterial roads are swept and cleaned, and urban garbage is collected daily. The urban green space area is 147.2 hectares, with an average per capita of 4.1 square meters. The urban green space coverage rate reaches 16.8%, and the greening rate of primary and secondary arterial roads reaches more than 95%. It has built a six-star civilized city in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and a sanitary city in the autonomous region.
This year, Linhe District will follow the requirements of building a modern regional central city and take the opportunity of withdrawing from the alliance and establishing a city to further improve the planning, clarify the city's positioning, highlight the zoning functions, start the new district construction project, and complete the West Ring Road and North Ring Road to high standards. Infrastructure projects such as widening and renovation and urban-level administrative office buildings will be carried out to expand the overall framework of the city and strive to expand the urban area from the current 22 square kilometers to 38 square kilometers by 2008.
Linhe has a long history, splendid culture and beautiful scenery. It has the Yongji Amusement Park adjacent to the ring road, the Mongolian Camp in the development zone, and the Changsu Temple in Xinhua Town. It is also surrounded by Wuliang Suhai and Yinshan Mountains. Rock paintings, the grassland scenery of Zhongqi, the Yellow River Bridge, Toudaoqiao Tourist Resort, and the beautiful Jinghu Tourist Area add a colorful cultural landscape to the river.
The service industry in Linhe District is developing rapidly and its service functions are increasingly improving. There are more than 20 large-scale hotels and restaurants in the area, which greatly facilitates the food, accommodation and entertainment of outsiders. Among them, the Cathay Tower, which was completed and put into operation in 2003, has a construction area of ??more than 60,000 square meters and its service facilities are complete and complete. , is the largest leisure and entertainment venue in western Inner Mongolia.
Linhe District is one of the key areas in the national western development strategy. It is a land full of hope and in urgent need of development. The people are hard-working and simple, the opening-up policy is preferential, and the investment environment is good.
Population
In 2003, the population growth of Linhe District continued to slow down. According to the public security standards, the annual birth rate was 5.18‰, the death rate was 1.79‰, and the natural population growth rate was 3.38‰, down 2 thousandths points from the previous year. The permanent population at the end of the year was 521,400, an increase of 14,000 from the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban registered population is 222,900, and the non-urban registered population is 298,400. Among the total population, there are 259,400 males, accounting for 49.75%; the female population is 262,000, accounting for 50.25%; the male-to-female sex ratio is 99 (the ratio of males to females when females are 100). Among the 14,000 people who increased in 2003, 11,414 people moved in from outside the city and had fixed residences and sources of income in Linhe District (those who obtained urban household registration), among whom the majority were women. Due to factors such as the continued decrease in the number of births and population migration in recent years, the age composition of the population in Linhe District is 67.4% between the ages of 18 and 60.
The 2003 Linhe District population and labor employment census data show that at the end of the year, the total population of Linhe District was 518,700, with a population density of 220 people per square kilometer. Among the total population, 310,600 people live in cities and towns (including the population in natural villages where market towns are located), accounting for 59.8% of the total population. Among them: 284,500 people live in urban areas, accounting for 54.8% of the total population; 26,491 people live in market towns, accounting for 5.1% of the total population; 208,100 people live in rural areas, accounting for 40.2% of the total population. The male population is 265,300 and the female population is 253,400. Linhe District *** has 162,000 households, with an average household size of 2.99 persons.
Geography
Geographical location
Linhe is located in the west of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on the north bank of the Yellow River, at the southern foot of Yinshan Mountain, in the middle of the Hetao Plain, and to the south is the Yellow River, the second largest river in China. , hence the name "Linhe". The geographical coordinates are 107°6' to 107°44' east longitude and 40°34' to 41°17' north latitude.
Topography
The entire Linhe area is the Yellow River alluvial plain, with open and flat ground. The terrain slopes slightly from southwest to northeast, with an altitude of 1,209 meters to 1,045 meters. The cultivated land area near the river is 75,761 hectares, accounting for 54.4% of the total area. The rest is pasture, sand dunes, forests and lakes. Linhe is rich in groundwater resources, with an average groundwater depth of 1.6 to 2.2 meters. The groundwater is mostly fresh water and is suitable for irrigation. Groundwater recharge mainly comes from Yellow River diversion for irrigation, with an annual water diversion volume of 1.2 billion cubic meters and an irrigated area of ??1.595 million acres.
Climate
Located deep inland near the river, it has a semi-arid continental climate in the mid-temperate zone. It is characterized by: less clouds and fog, less precipitation, strong winds, and a dry climate, with an annual precipitation of 138.8%. mm, the average temperature is 6.8°C, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the sunshine hours are long. The annual sunshine hours are 3229.9 hours, making it one of the areas with the most sunshine hours in my country.
Light, heat and water are at the same time, and the frost-free period is about 130 days, which is suitable for the growth of crops and pasture.
Resources
1. Lighting
Light energy resources are abundant, the total annual radiation is 153.13 kcal/cm2, and the sunshine hours are 3254 hours, which is higher than that of the same period. Latitude of Beijing. The physiologically effective radiation dose is 75.28 kcal/cm2, accounting for 49.16% of the total annual radiation dose. As the growing season is from April to September, the total solar radiation is 97.44 kcal/cm2, the sunshine hours are 1806 hours, and the light intensity is 80,000 to 100,000 meter candles, which is very conducive to the growth of crops, pastures, and forest trees.
2. Heat
The annual average temperature is 6.8C°. January is the coldest month and July is the hottest month. The annual range is 34.9°C and the daily range is 13-16.9°C. The geographical distribution of heat decreases from south to north, and the average annual temperature difference facing the north is 0.6°C. Linhe has a continental climate with a large temperature difference between day and night. The largest daily temperature range is 16.9°C in May and the smallest temperature is 11.3°C in November. From April to September, the same period of light and hot water is beneficial to crop growth, and the daily temperature range is 13-16°C, which is beneficial to the accumulation of photosynthetic products.
3. Water resources
The Yellow River is a transit river and the main source of surface water and groundwater along the river. The total runoff of the Yellow River has little inter-annual variation, with an average annual total runoff of 36.72 billion cubic meters and a flow rate of 847.3 cubic meters/second. There are large seasonal changes within the year, with the maximum flow in August and the minimum flow in November and December. The flow rate in the largest month is 5 to 24 times that of the smallest month. The Yellow River is the main water source for riverside irrigation. An irrigation network from the Yellow River with Yongji and Huangji main canals as the main body has been formed. The annual water diversion volume is 1.102 billion cubic meters, the total irrigation area is 1.9099 million acres, and the ditch area is 205,100 acres.
In addition to the Yellow River irrigation network, surface water also includes large and small lakes with a total area of ??31,000 acres, with water depths of 1 to 7 meters and pH values ??of 8 to 9.
There are abundant underground water reserves. The average burial depth is 1.6 to 2.2 meters, the deepest in March is below 2.5 meters, and the shallowest in November is 0.5 to 1 meter. The direction of groundwater is consistent with the terrain from north to north. The burial depth in the north is <1 meter, the aquifer thickness is 180 meters, and the unit water inflow volume is 5 to 10 cubic meters/hour; the burial depth in the central part is <1.5 meters, the aquifer thickness is 150 meters, and the unit water inflow volume is 10 to 20 cubic meters/hour; Depth <2 meters, unit water inflow volume 10-20 cubic meters/hour. The shallow part of the groundwater is fresh water, and 71.65% of the total area has a salinity of <3g/l, 20.61% has a salinity of 3 to 5g/l, and 7.74% has a salinity of 5 to 10g/l. The deep part is mainly composed of fresh water, with salt water and brackish water, mainly distributed in the ancient city, Minglidi and Bainaobao areas. Groundwater recharge mainly relies on water diversion from the Yellow River for irrigation, with annual leakage of more than 500 million cubic meters.
4. Irrigation silt soil
Irrigation silt soil is one of the main soil types in Linhe. It is widely distributed in the irrigation area between Baolan Railway and Shaanba-Wuyuan Highway. The silt distribution area is concentrated in the south of the Yellow River flood control embankment and a small amount in the north of the main drainage. The area of ??irrigation and silt soil is 1,762,727.22 acres.
The physical properties of the silt irrigation soil: the topsoil capacity is <1.5g/cm2, the total porosity is 44.46%, and the groundwater depth is 0.7 to 2.7 meters. Its chemical properties: pH value 7 ~ 8.5, salt content <0.8%, total nitrogen 0.068%, available carbon 9.16ppm, available potassium 2.45ppm, organic matter 1.05%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 8:8.9.
The effective layer of irrigation silt soil is relatively thin, generally about 50 cm. Due to the diversion of water from the Yellow River for irrigation and farming and fertilization, the irrigation layer is uniform and the bedding is not obvious. In the irrigation effect layer, the humus content is high, the structure is good, and it is easy to cultivate. It is the main cultivated soil near the river and is suitable for the growth of various crops, trees and pastures.
Irrigation silt soil includes subcategories of meadow irrigation silt soil and salted irrigation silt soil, irrigation silt red soil, irrigation silt loess, irrigation silt foam soil, irrigation silt sand soil, and salted red soil. There are 8 soil genera including mud, salted loess, salted foam soil and salted sand soil, and 127 soil species.
5. Agricultural products
(1) Apple pears: high yield, large size, good color, juicy and rich in flavor, and rich in nutrients.
In 1988, it was rated as a national high-quality fruit. In 1991, it was rated as a high-quality fruit in China at the high-quality product appraisal meeting of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries. In 1996, Linhe was named the "Hometown of Apples and Pears in China" by the Ministry of Agricultural Development of the Development Research Center of the State Council. In 2000 The area is 101,000 acres and the output is 4336.5 tons.
(2) Vegetables: The vegetable planting area reaches 51,000 acres, with an annual output of 293,000 tons of various vegetables. Among them, Xinhua Town’s “Ma Lian” brand leeks are recognized as green food. The town is one of the top three in the country. One of the leek production bases.
(3) Melon seeds: large, uniform, full particles, cheap, with a planting area of ??107,000 acres and a total output of 16,000 tons. Through processing, its products have become popular in Bayannur City and Hohhot. A souvenir representing the region.
(4) Tomatoes: The planting area is 23,000 acres and the output is 102,000 tons. In addition to local deep processing, the products are exported to Japan, South Korea, Italy, France, Taiwan, Hong Kong and other places.
(5) Wheat: It has excellent quality, high crude protein content and high flour extraction rate. It is an ideal variety for the production of high-quality flour and deep processing. In 2000, the planting area was 410,000 acres and the output was 174,000 tons.
(6) Oil sunflower: The grains are full and the oil content is high. It enjoys a high reputation in the domestic market, with an annual output of 134 million jins.
(7) Watermelon and honeydew melon: large output, high sugar content, fragrant, sweet, crisp and other characteristics. The products are exported to all over the country and have now become the largest wholesale of watermelon and honeydew melon in the northwest region. The distribution center has an annual output of 114,000 tons of watermelons and 166,000 tons of honeydew melons.
6. Forest trees
There are many kinds of forest trees, which belong to Salicaceae, Ulmaceae, Elaeaceae, Sapindaceae, Aceraceae, Rosaceae, Vitaceae, Solanaceae, etc. 11 families, 17 genera, and 24 species. The natural forests are mainly red willow and river willow, mainly distributed on the floodplains along the Yellow River, followed by Populus euphratica and Baici. The artificial forests mainly include poplar, willow, elm, Elaeagnus angustifolia, shrubs, fruit trees, etc.
7. Medicinal plants
The natural ones include cocklebur, flat clover, rabbit root, plantain, cattail root, reed root, sophora root, dandelion, wolfberry, Artemisia, halberd, horsetail, moxa and licorice, etc. Artificially cultivated ones include Codonopsis pilosula, Baibu Bu, rhubarb, Banlan, Heichou, Baichou, etc.
8. Forage
Forage resources are rich, including Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Leguminosae, Trichotraceae, Rosaceae, Polygonaceae, Aspergillus family, and Boraginaceae. , Scrophulariaceae, Brassicaceae, Ranunculaceae, Primulaceae, Plantainaceae, Salicaceae, Cyperaceae *** 16 families, 48 ??genera, 60 species.
9. Domestic livestock and poultry
Animal resources are mainly domestic livestock and poultry, including large livestock such as cattle, horses, mules, donkeys, and camels, and small livestock such as sheep and goats. There are also pigs, chickens, geese, ducks, rabbits, etc.
10. Leather
The quality is excellent, and the sales of leather and products are good. In 1999, the output of cowhide was 2,890 pieces, the output of sheep skin was 319,041 pieces, and the output of goat skin was 23,464 pieces. In addition, the output of surrounding flags The skins in the county are gathered in Linhe, and the circulation volume can reach 800,000.
11. Down
The annual output of Linhe District is 4,468 tons of sheep wool and 350 tons of cashmere. Erlangshan White Cashmere has long fibers, good luster, high strength, and strong flexibility. Experts call it the "King of Fiber" and enjoys a high reputation internationally.
12. Industrial products
(1) "Weixin" brand cashmere and sheep-shear series products
The annual cashmere production of Weixin (Group) Co., Ltd. With 600,000 shirts, 300,000 cashmere scarves, 100,000 meters of cashmere fabric, and 1.8 million square feet of sheep shear products, "Weixin" has been rated as one of China's top ten women's clothing brands for three consecutive years.
(2) "Hetao" brand snow powder and its series of products
The "Hetao" brand snow powder and its series of products produced by Hengfeng Food Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. won the National green food certification mark.
(3) Jinchuan Health Beer
Jinchuan Health Beer produced by Inner Mongolia Jinchuan Health Beer Factory was approved by the Ministry of Health as the only health beer in China and won the Guinness World's Best Certificate. Produces 50,000 tons.
(4) Changhe Feed
Changhe Feed Development Co., Ltd. has an annual output of 200,000 tons of high-quality full-price granules, powdered materials and concentrated materials.
(5) "Yucheng" brand cashmere sweaters
Yulong Cashmere Sweater Co., Ltd. produces 30 tons of white goat plush cashmere and 100,000 pieces of "Yucheng" brand cashmere sweaters annually. , 100,000 cashmere scarves.
(6) Delis series low-temperature cooked meat products
Delis low-temperature cooked meat products and quick-frozen, fried and fast food series produced by Inner Mongolia Delis Food Co., Ltd. , has three production lines for lean pigs and mutton sheep, with an annual production capacity of 3,000 tons. Delis is one of China's well-known trademarks.
(7) "Holly" brand and "Aodun" brand camel hair Tang suits, cold-proof clothing, and down jackets
"Holly" brand and "Aodun" brand produced by Linhe National Garment Factory Camel hair Tang suits, cold-proof clothing, and down jackets are sold at home and abroad, with an annual production capacity of 200,000 pieces.
History
Linhe has a long history. As early as the Warring States Period, when the seven heroes were competing for hegemony, King Wuling of Zhao opened up the territory and established Jiuyuan County. Linhe was the western part of Jiuyuan County, and at this time there were subordinates. The county was established in 1929, and Linhe was peacefully liberated on September 19, 1949. In 1950, it was affiliated to the Shaanba Commissioner's Office, in 1954 to the Hetao Administrative Region, and in 1958 to the Bayannur League. On November 22, 1984, with the approval of the State Council, the county was removed from Linhe and a city was established. Before the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, Linhe area was sparsely populated and was full of desert scenes with "clear sky and vast wilderness". Later, successive years of famine in the mainland, coupled with official pressure and popular rebellion, forced the "Kouli people" from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hebei, and Henan to continue to migrate to Linhe, where they reclaimed land and engaged in farming, turning the Linhe area into an agricultural area. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the people of Linhe vigorously carried out farmland water conservancy construction, rationally developed and utilized the Yellow River water conservancy resources, and organized the excavation of large-scale irrigation and drainage projects such as main canals and main drains, which changed the backwardness of agricultural production in the Linhe area. Especially since the reform and opening up in 1978, urban and rural areas have relied on and promoted each other, and Linhe's national economy has developed greatly.
In December 2020, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs identified Linhe District as the fifth batch of demonstration counties (cities, districts) in the country that have taken the lead in basically realizing the full mechanization of major crop production.
In November 2020, the list of "2020 China's Top 100 Demonstration Counties and Cities for Rural Revitalization" was released, with Linhe District ranked 32nd.
In February 2018, Linhe District was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in the country in 2017.
In 2005, Linhe District ranked 38th among the top 100 oil-producing counties in the country in 2005.