1. Multiple choice questions

1. Bast fiber belongs to

A. Parenchyma tissue B. Meristem tissue C. Protective tissue D. Mechanical tissue

2. What does the twining stem rely on to grow upward, such as morning glory

A. Tendrils B. Aerial roots C. The stem itself D. Suckers

3. Medicine The part used as the skin means

A. Periderm B. Outside the cambium C. Phloem D. Outside the cortex

4. The stamens of legume flowers are

A. Disomal stamens B. Free stamens C. Two strong stamens D. Polymeric stamens

5. After the bark is peeled off, the tree will die because the bark includes not only the periderm , and

A. Inner layer of cork B. Phloem C. Cork cambium D. Xylem

6. Which of the following inflorescences is limited

A. Verticillium B. Umbrella C. Corymbium D. None of the above

7. Cell wall keratinization

A. Cell wall hyperplasia and fatty keratin B. Cell wall Proliferation of lignin C. Cell wall containing silicon D. Cell wall proliferation of fatty suberin

8. Crude medicine derived from magnolia plants

A. Schisandra chinensis B. Codonopsis pilosula C. Wheat Winter D. Hawthorn

9. The phenomenon that the entire ovary and the receptacle are completely healed is called

A. The ovary is superior and the flower is inferior B. The ovary is semi-inferior. Peripheral flower C. Inferior ovary. Superior flower D. Superior ovary. Periflora

10. What is not a post-cell content is

A. Starch granules B. Calcium oxalate crystals C. Pit D. Fatty oil

11. The unique fruits of cruciferous plants are

A. Follicles B. Pods C. Siliques D. Capsules

12. The type of placenta of soybeans is

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A. Marginal placenta B. Lateral placenta C. Axial placenta D. Erect central placenta

13. Cell wall lignification

A. The cell wall proliferates fatty keratin B. The cell wall proliferates lignin C. The cell wall contains silicon D. The cell wall proliferates fatty suberin

14. The following are both protective and secretory tissues:

A. Glandular trichomes B. Stomata C. Non-glandular trichomes D. Nectaries

15. Crude medicines derived from Liliaceae plants

A. Schisandra chinensis B. Codonopsis pilosula C. Ophiopogon japonicus D. Hawthorn

16. Palisade tissue belongs to

A. Parenchyma tissue B. Meristem tissue C. Protective tissue D. Mechanical tissue

17. Double-hanging fruits are called schizocarps, which family is the main feature

A. Apiaceae B. Rosaceae C. Brassicaceae D. Leguminosae

18 . Lateral roots occur at the root site

A. Endodermis B. Pericycle C. Xylem D. Phloem

19. Cell wall mineralization

A. The cell wall proliferates with fatty keratin B. The cell wall proliferates with lignin C. The cell wall contains silicon D. The cell wall proliferates with fatty suberin

20. Crude drugs derived from Rosaceae plants

A . Schisandra chinensis B. Codonopsis pilosula C. Ophiopogon japonicus D. Hawthorn

21. The fruit of apple belongs to

A. False fruit B. Pear fruit C. Flesh fruit D. Single fruit

22. The venation sequence of Ginkgo is

A. Parallel veins B. Reticular veins C. Forked veins D. Palmate veins

23. Monocotyloid stems The vascular bundle is

A. Limited external tough vascular bundle B. Infinite external tough vascular bundle C. Double tough vascular bundle

Vessel bundle D. Radiation vascular bundle

24. Botany bark refers to

A. Periderm B. Outside the cambium C. Phloem D. Outside the cortex

25. The unique fruits of Gramineae are

A. Caryopsis B. Double hanging fruits C. Siliques D. Pods

26. The largest among algae plants The phylum is

A. Cyanobacteria B. Chlorophyta C. Rhodophyta D. Phaeophyta

27. Cell wall suberization

A. Proliferation of fatty keratin B. Proliferation of lignin in the cell wall C. Proliferation of cell wall containing silicon D. Proliferation of cell wall of fatty suberin

28. There is only one genus and one type of gymnosperm, and it is a specialty of China

A. Eucommia ulmoides B. Ephedra C. Ginkgo D. Pine

29. Crude medicine derived from Rutaceae plants

A. Schisandra chinensis B. Codonopsis pilosula C. Ophiopogon japonicus D. Phellodendri

30. Plant cells are different from animal cells, but the main difference is

A. Plastid B. Liquid cell C. Cell wall D. Golgi apparatus

Answer: DCBAB AAACC CDBAC AABCD BCAAA ADCDD

Two True/False Questions

1. All leaves include three parts: blade, petiole and stipule. ×

2. Stomata exist on the periderm and lenticels exist on the epidermis. ×

3. The cell wall of all plant cells has three parts: intercellular layer, primary wall and secondary wall. √

4. Polyflora is a fruit developed from the entire inflorescence. √

5. Dicotyledonous plants have secondary structures. √

6. The spadix is ??an infinite inflorescence. √

7. The vascular bundles of monocot stems are limited vascular bundles. √

8. Calcium oxalate crystals dissolve when acetic acid is added and CO2 bubbles are released. ×

9. Plastids are organelles unique to plant cells, and all plants have plastids. ×

10. The primary phloem matures in the root in an exogenous manner, while in the stem it matures in an intrinsic manner. ×

3. Subjective fill-in-the-blank questions (*** 3 questions, *** 10 points.)

1. Starch granules in plant cells are divided into: unit and complex granules , semi-complex grain.

2. The types of pits can be divided into three types: pits, rimmed pits, and semi-rimmed pits.

3. The root tip can be divided into four parts: root cap, meristematic zone, elongation zone and mature zone

4. Short answer questions (*** 6 questions, * **50 points. )

1. What are the types of starch granules? What are the characteristics of each?

There are three types of starch granules: single, complex, and semi-complex

Single: spherical, spherical, elliptical, oval, and polyhedral , there are also hemispherical, club-shaped or pear-shaped, rare triangles, quasi-triangles, biconvex, three-convex or irregular shapes. The umbilical point is located in the center or one end, one to several, obvious or not obvious, with or without layers.

Complex granules: Starch granules are composed of several granular phases. There are 2 grains compound, 3 grains compound, 4 grains or more (not more than 10 grains) compound or 10 grains or more compound. Each grain in the compound grains is polyhedral, helmet-shaped, bowl-shaped or polygonal with a round side. , the umbilical point is rare or not obvious, and the striae are rare or absent.

2. How are the stomata types of dicotyledonous plants divided? What are the characteristics of each type?

Dicotyledonous plant stomatal types are divided according to the axial type of stomata.

The characteristics of each type are:

1. Flat-axis type: stomata There are 2 accessory cells around the stomata, and their long axis is parallel to the long axis of the stomata.

2. Direct axis type: There are 2 accessory cells around the stomata, and their long axis is parallel to the long axis of the stomata. Vertical

3. Infinitive: The number of accessory cells around the stomata is more than 3, their sizes are basically the same, and their shapes are similar to other epidermal cells.

4. Inequality: Stomata There are 3~4 accessory cells around the stomata, but the sizes vary.

5. Ring type: The number of accessory cells around the stomata is variable, their shape is narrower than other epidermal cells, and they are arranged in a ring around the stomata.

3. What are the structural and functional differences between ducts and tracheids?

Vessels and tracheids are conductive tissues that specialize in transporting water and inorganic nutrients dissolved in water from bottom to top. They are found in the xylem of plants.

Vessel: Function: It is one of the most important conductive tissues of angiosperms. A few gymnosperms (such as ephedra) also have ducts.

Structure: The ducts are connected by a plurality of longitudinally long tubular dead cells. Each tubular cell They are called conduit molecules. The side view of conduit molecules is very similar to that of tracheids. However, their upper and lower ends are often not as tapering and sloping as tracheids, and the transverse walls at the junctions often penetrate into large perforations, so their role in transporting water is much greater than that of tracheids. Cell membrane. The transverse wall between the vessel molecules. It does not completely disappear in some plants. The form of transverse wall perforation varies from plant to plant. In addition to single perforations, there are also ladder-like perforations and mesh-like perforations. The cell wall is generally lignified and thickened. , according to the different textures or holes formed, there are rings, threads, ladder patterns, single pits and edged pits.

Tracheid: Function: It is ferns and most plants The main conductive tissue of gymnosperms also has a supporting role. Some angiosperms or certain organs of angiosperms also have tracheids, but they are not the main conductive tissue.

Structure: long and narrow, Both ends are pointed and slanted, the ends are not perforated, the cells are lifeless, and the cell walls are lignified and thickened to form pits, most commonly ladder or edged pits. The tracheids are connected to each other and gathered into groups, relying on the pits (the end of which is not increased) Part) transports water. Therefore, the speed of sap flow is slow and it is a relatively primitive conductive tissue.

4. What is the difference between the root bark in botany and the root bark in medicine?

The root bark in botany refers to the part of the periderm, while the root bark in medicinal materials, such as Digu bark, Mudan bark, etc., refers to the parts other than the cambium, including phloem and periderm.

5. What are the similarities and differences in the primary structures of roots and stems of dicotyledonous plants.

The primary structure of the rhizome of dicotyledonous plants is composed of three parts: epidermis, cortex and vascular column.

1: The epidermis is developed from the original epidermis.

Root (generally composed of a single layer of cells, without stomata. The epidermal cell walls protrude outward and extend to form root hairs);

Stem (composed of living cells, with stomata. Epidermal cells The outer wall is thicker and usually keratinized and forms a stratum corneum).

Two: The cortex, located inside the epidermis, is developed from basic meristems.

Roots (composed of multi-layered corrugated cells, the cells are loosely arranged, often have significant intercellular spaces, occupying a considerable part of the root

. Usually can be divided into outer cortex , cortical parenchyma and endodermis);

Stem (composed of multiple layers of living cells. It is not as developed as the cortex of the root and only accounts for a smaller part of the stem. The walls of the cortical cells are thin and large, loosely arranged, and have cells. The cells near the epidermis often contain chloroplasts, so the young stems are mostly green and can carry out photosynthesis. The basic component is parenchyma tissue, and some plants often have thick angular tissue in the cortex. fibers, stone cells, or secretory tissue).

Three: vascular column. All tissue structures within the endodermis of the root are collectively called the vascular column. The structural table is more complex and includes three parts: pericycle, primary xylem and primary phloem. Some plants also have Has pith.

The development and maturity of primary phloem is also extrinsic, that is, the primary phloem is on the outside and the epiphloem is on the inside. Between primary xylem and primary phloem is parenchyma tissue.

The vascular column of the stem is located within the cortex and occupies a larger part of the stem, including vascular bundles, medullary rays and pith arranged in a ring. The vascular column used to be called the pericycle.

The primary phloem of the stem differentiates and matures in the same order as that of the root. The order of primary xylem maturation is completely opposite to that of roots. It is from the inside to the outside, which is called the internal type. The primary xylem is on the inside and is composed of rings and threaded conduits with smaller diameters. The metaxylem is on the outside and consists of It is composed of ladder pattern, mesh pattern or hole pattern conduit with larger pore diameter.

The cambium layer in the bundle is located between primary phloem and primary xylem.

6. How to distinguish simple leaves from compound leaves?

Single leaf and compound leaf

Single leaf: a leaf with one leaf on one petiole

Compound leaf: a leaf with multiple leaves on one petiole Leaves are divided into petioles (leaf rachis), leaflets, and petioles.

The difference between simple leaves and compound leaves (branchlets and leaf rachis)

There are axillary buds in the leaf axils of single leaves, but there are no buds in the leaf axils of compound leaflets

Single leaves have stipules at the base of the petiole, while compound leaves have no stipules at the small petioles

There are terminal buds on branches with single leaves, and there are no buds at the top of the total petiole axis of compound leaves

Single leaves are arranged in phyllotaxis on the stem, and the leaflets of compound leaves are arranged on a plane

When a single leaf falls off, the leaves and petioles fall off at the same time; in compound leaves, the leaflets often fall off first, and the rachis falls off later.