Lamborghini's symbol is a bullfight full of strength and attacking opponents, which is consistent with the characteristics of Lamborghini's high-power and high-speed sports car. It is said that this logo also reflects the temperament of Lamborghini founder Lamborghini not to be outdone. Ferrucio lamborghini, founder of Lamborghini S.P.A Automobile Factory, and sports cars and tractors produced by Lamborghini in the early days. Ferrucio Lamborghini's unique Italian lofty aspirations penetrated into his bones, inspiring him to start from scratch as an ordinary peasant boy and strive to become a respected industry leader. With uncompromising enterprising spirit and almost crazy enthusiasm, this northern Italian tirelessly pursues the dream of making a perfect sports car. Since then, the stubborn "bull" logo has become a symbol of Lamborghini, which explains all the characteristics of this unique car brand-challenging the limits and being arrogant.
Aggressive energy, indomitable spirit and Italian blood-these are the most appropriate words to describe the extraordinary Lamborghini brand. 1998 Audi ag of Germany took over this famous Italian sports car manufacturer. To celebrate the 40th anniversary of the brand's founding, Audi's historical and cultural department, which is in charge of the classic classic cars in Audi's 100-year history, specially held the exhibition "Running Bull and Lamborghini for 40 Years" at the Audi Automobile Museum in Statter, Ingall, the headquarters of Audi, to commemorate ferruccio Lamborghini's lifelong efforts and the legendary history of this luxury car dealer.
The top sports car brand acquired by Audi 1998 not only has the same brand spirit as Audi, but also keeps making progress in science and technology and pursues passion and sports. Their founders also have striking similarities. Audi's Horsey and ferrucio lamborghini are fanatical car dreamers, rejected by big brands, and built their own successful brands without being discouraged.
The history of Lamborghini
The name of this car has different translations in Chinese mainland and Hongkong. Lamborghini's name is usually called Lamborghini in Chinese mainland, and Lamborghini in Guangdong and Hongkong. After several changes of hands, Lamborghini finally fell into the hands of American automobile legend Lee Yaka. Lamborghini was acquired by Chrysler Automobile Company of the United States in 1987 and became an overseas branch of Chrysler. Later, Diablo benefited from the addition of Chrysler technology. 2. The two mainstream models of Lamborghini are countach and Diablo, and Countach made its debut at the Geneva World Automobile Expo in 1973.
Ferrucio Lamborghini built a series of tractors, fuel burners and air conditioning systems in Italy after the war, thus establishing the reputation of its own brand, and set up its own automobile factory in Santagata, Italy on 1963. It is said that Lamborghini, a sports car fan, had planned to meet Enzo Ferrari and wanted to put forward some suggestions to improve his products. However, Ferrari has no intention of listening to the opinions of a tractor manufacturer. Although it has not been verified, this anecdote has been circulating in the circle. No matter what the truth is, a year later, the first Lamborghini sports car Lamborghini 350 GTV came out, which marked the beginning of an amazing road to success. No one can imagine that some super celebrities in the world will compete to buy Lamborghini in the future. Frank Sinatra and paul mccartney are on the long list. The chronicles of all the most successful sports cars in the past recorded Lamborghini's two famous sports cars "Contac" and "Mihura".
After a series of ups and downs, Felucio Lamborghini finally retired from the company in 1972. Lamborghini (whether an individual or a company) has never lacked imagination, but it has always lacked solid financial support. In fact, Lamborghini went bankrupt in 1980, and Italian businessman milam brothers bought the company. Later, Lamborghini changed hands several times, including Chrysler Automobile Company. But they showed no real love or concern for Lamborghini. In fact, Lamborghini and Audi have always had a deep relationship. They have cooperated to pursue the structure of aluminum chassis. This relationship finally got married in 1998, and Lamborghini joined Audi. With the support of Audi, Lamborghini has its own management team to operate. Under the management of Audi, the factory launched the concept cars Murciélago and Gallardo respectively in 2003.
This cultural integration is not easy (exotic automobile manufacturers and a global automobile manufacturing giant, a group of enthusiastic Italians and a group of proud Germans). The result is a thoroughly transformed and revived Lamborghini. Audi has the ability and can provide a lot of technical support, and the financial support of Volkswagen Group also allows Lamborghini to engage in the development of new products, which was impossible before.
The proof of the revival is obvious: after so many years, Lamborghini suddenly launched two brand-new models, the factory facilities were expanded and updated, and a new design institute was recently built. In addition, the Lamborghini Museum has begun to open its doors to welcome guests. If you want to go to Modi, you must visit Lamborghini Museum.
The museum Commissioner of Audi's history and culture department has adopted a brand-new method to highlight the theme of this exhibition. This paper focuses on the appearance of two sports cars, Murciélago and Gallardo, and their influence on Lamborghini now and in the future. The screening is divided into four themes: including the background information of the founder Felucio Lamborghini; Their performance during their employment; Interspersed with the new chapter of 1998 acquired by Audi in the early 1970s. The whole exhibition content closely revolves around the commemorative exhibition theme-"Running Bull Logo Accompanying Lamborghini for 40 Years".
Lamborghini's logo
The sign of the company is that one end is full of strength and ready to launch a fierce attack on the opponent. It is said that Lamborghini himself is not to be outdone, which also reflects the product characteristics of Lamborghini, because the cars produced by the company are all high-power and high-speed sports cars. The company name is omitted from the trademarks at the front and rear of the car, leaving only a stubborn cow.
Development of Lamborghini
The first locomotive produced by Italian Lamborghini Automobile Company was actually a tractor, and ferrucio lamborghini, the founder of the company, used these tractors to meet the urgent demand of Italian farmers for tractors after World War II. The first Lin Baojian sports car 350GT was born in 1963. Lamborghini changed hands several times and finally fell into the hands of American automobile legend Lee Yakoka. Because he admired Lamborghini very much, he took Lamborghini to Chrysler Automobile Company in the United States on 1987 and became an overseas branch of Chrysler. Later, Diablo benefited from the addition of Chrysler technology.
The two mainstream models of Lamborghini are countach and Diablo, and Countach made its debut at the Geneva World Automobile Expo in 1973. Its designer is a genius Marcelo Sun Xiaohui, who is only 2 1 year old. At that time, the launch of this model immediately caused a sensation in the automobile industry. At the exhibition, visitors stopped for a long time and lingered. It laid a solid foundation for the modeling of wedge cars in the future.
In the 1970s, when sports cars were popular, the styles of sports cars emerged one after another. How to build your own style was the only yardstick for sports cars at that time. Marcelo Sun Xiaohui found a breakthrough. The Lamborghini Countach5000S sports car he designed broke the traditional mode of hidden headlights. The windshield and the front of the car form a smooth slope, and there are three air inlets on the side of the car body. This is not only to cool the engine, but also to make the overall shape of the car firm. In particular, the gull-wing door that opens upwards gives people the impression that it is a super car. Today, more than 20 years later, it also makes people feel the designer's advanced consciousness. This car is regarded as a monument in the history of automobiles.
After Countach Anniversario, Lamborghini introduced Diablo to replace 1990 Countach, which is known as "another Italian supercar". It takes only 4 seconds to start accelerating to 100 km; The top speed is 340 kilometers per hour. When you step on the accelerator, it is easy to exceed the speed limit of ordinary roads.
As we all know, Lamborghini Diablo sports car is a typical men's sports car, not because its appearance is only sunshine, but because its operations are heavier than ordinary sports cars. For example, the steering system, the steering wheel without power. Body weight 1655 kg, with the front accounting for 40% of the weight. Coupled with 245mm wide tires, it is not as simple as parking heavy hands, and it is also very heavy to drive slowly in urban areas. On the one hand, it is difficult to operate, and on the other hand, because the 5.7-liter engine is too close to the carriage, it emits bursts of heat. Even if the air conditioner is on, driving this car will be sweaty. His steering wheel is specially designed for high speed, and there is no vacant position. A slight rotation will affect the body; As long as there are a few potholes in the road, you should keep turning the steering wheel. Its detour performance is a typical mid-engine sports car, which is basically close to the road. It's easy to deliberately flick the tail when you refuel the corner and then suddenly collect the oil. However, it is easy to put it up, and it is difficult to control its wildness unless it has extremely high driving skills. Driving this car is a challenge.
Lamborghini's representative car -V 12 behemoth -Murcielago
Murcielago means "spider" in Spanish. It was developed with the technical support and financial support of Audi, and it is the best sports car ever built by Lamborghini. Murciélago supercar is equipped with a 6.2-liter 12 cylinder engine, with a maximum power of 580 HP, a top speed of over 337 km/h and an acceleration time of 0- 100 km/h of only 3.8 seconds. The body is made of tubular steel structure and reinforced with carbon fiber. The total length is over 4.5 meters and the width is about 2 meters. Entering the car, the improved cockpit looks more modern and exquisite, and there are satellite navigation systems to choose from. The transmission ratio of the gearbox has been precisely adjusted to obtain faster acceleration time. There is also an external noise controller in the car, which can reduce external noise and make long-distance travel more enjoyable. The traditional long shift lever and open brake are retained. Manipulation becomes more friendly. The center of gravity of the car becomes lower, and the weight distribution is adjusted to the first 42 percentile and the last 58 percentile. The improved double wishbone suspension is characterized by an electronically controlled shock absorber, which can be adjusted in the cockpit. By improving the power assist, the braking level has reached a new height. The 4-channel caliper is specially developed for reinforcing the drilling and ventilation brake disc, and the tire size further emphasizes the potential of Murcielago: 18 inch alloy rim and 335 mm wide rear wheel tire.
Driving assistance is very rich: traction control has become a standard configuration, and others include four-channel anti-lock braking system and all-electric control power distribution system. The rear spoiler will adjust different angles at different speeds, which will bring greater downforce to the car and enhance the stability at high speed.
It seems that only 65,438+00 Versace LP640 sets have been produced, and the only major change is to put on a dazzling pearl white coat and its supporting protein accessories. In addition, compared with the standard version of Murcielago, Murcielago LP640 Versace is equipped with an upgraded full-time four-wheel drive gearbox, and its eGear autopilot system is also "violent" in acceleration performance.
Introduction of Lamborghini Gallardo
Lamborghini Gallardo will redefine its compact sports car market as high-performance sports car and daily life car. Gallardo combines the characteristics of super sports car and daily use, but it is not easy to meet these two contradictory characteristics. Lamborghini engineers try their best to make it more comfortable without damaging the essence of any Lamborghini sports car.
The choice of engine, transmission system, space frame and body, suspension system, brake and electronic system all meet this goal. As a result, a compact (4.3-meter-long) two-seater supercar with a top speed of more than 300 kilometers per hour can meet the driver's driving on track and long-distance highway.
Gallardo started designing in 2000. Lamborghini's own designers improved the final Gallardo according to Italdesign-Giugiaro's design scheme, combined with these parameters and according to the company's own design style. Gallardo's size and competitive performance ensure its ultra-polar posture, and its long wheelbase and short suspension also determine its dynamic appearance.
From the beginning, fully implement the principle of consistency between function and style, and avoid the contradiction that some excellent designs have no practical functions or some functional parts have no good appearance.
Brief introduction of Lamborghini's "Devil SV"
"Devil" picture: SV is the devil among monsters, which is telling people both in appearance and in heart. It is only 4470 mm long and 1 1 15 mm high. It is the shortest of all monsters, but its car width of 2040 mm is not only wider than the other three, but also wider than most cars. There is almost no angle between the front windshield and the machine cover, and the gap between the front windshield and the machine cover is very small, which greatly reduces its height and closely sticks to the ground, thus minimizing the drag coefficient. Lamborghini seems to think that the devil's pointed front and cocked rear are not original enough, so he opened the air inlets on the roof, which are usually on both sides of the front or body, so that it looks like the eyes of aliens overhead from the front.
Performance: There is a 5.7-liter double overhead camshaft V 12 engine behind the devil's treble. Not as gentle as Ferrari V 12, but as sharp as Viper V 10. At first, the devil felt like a small poisonous snake. If your right foot is too heavy, the devil's rear wheel will also wipe out a puff of smoke. While the car body is shooting forward like a cannonball, your whole body will be firmly pressed against the seat by an invisible hand and you can't breathe freely. However, this ordeal will soon be over, because in only 3.9 seconds, the devil's speed reached 97 km/h, and in 8.6 seconds, he already flew at the speed of 160 km/h, leaving Porsche 9 1 1 (which took 9.9 seconds) far behind. Do you dare to speed up again? To know that the devil's top speed is 320km/h (the same as Ferrari 550), it is not difficult for him to accelerate again, but for ordinary people, it is the peak he will never reach. Because SV's Brembo brake system is equipped with ABS. But there is still 40 meters in front of it to stand firm at the speed of 100 km per hour. Although this is slightly better than Viper, it is far less than Ferrari and Porsche. Thanks to the wide and low body, the devil is very calm when cornering, and the wheels respond to the steering wheel very quickly, and he doesn't notice any body shaking when turning. Spacious 335 mm rear tires and excellent ground adhesion make people feel at ease.
Lamborghini detailed introduction
Lamborghini Gallardo adopts V 10 DOHC 4-valve v90 engine, with 5 liters, maximum 500 horsepower and 5 10 N torque. Instead of the traditional V72 engine, the 90-degree angle design is more conducive to limiting the height of the engine and the design of the whole vehicle, such as designing a lower hood or a better rear viewing angle. And the center of gravity is lowered, resulting in better vehicle dynamic characteristics. Dry oil pan lubrication system can not only satisfy the lubrication under extreme conditions, but also further reduce the center of gravity.
The torque output is optimized in the whole speed range. In order to achieve this goal, the inflation efficiency is improved at different speeds, because precise aerodynamic effects are used in the intake and exhaust systems. These effects are controlled by variable geometry intake manifold and continuously variable valve timing system.
In this way, the maximum torque of 5 10N/m explodes at 4500 rpm, the engine can get 80% of the maximum torque at 1500 rpm, and the maximum horsepower can be reached at 7800 rpm.
The main feature of the transmission system is a constant four-wheel drive system, which is based on Lamborghini's mature viscous traction system. Under constant speed, the first 30% and the last 70% of the traction of this system are distributed on the same attached road surface, which is completely self-regulating and does not need the intervention of electronic control. When accelerating on high adhesion ground, the traction tends to the rear axle, which is about 80%. If the adhesion of the rear axle becomes smaller, more traction will be immediately biased towards the front axle.
Automatic stepless speed change system, Lamborghini e-gear has been used in new models, and the basic mechanical principle of gearbox has not changed. The main features of this system CAN be selected as functional items, including:-electronic control, reaching the engine control system and ESP system through CAN bus-directly switching to the F 1 paddle semi-automatic gear shifting on the steering column-different operation modes can be selected: normal, sports, automatic, low adhesion-fast and smooth gear shifting, which is equivalent to those excellent drivers operating standard gearboxes.
The differential of the rear axle is a friction 45% limited slip differential, and the front limited slip differential is controlled by ABD (Automatic Brake Differential) function of ESP system.
The diameter of the clutch is reduced to a double-plate clutch. This is the reasonable result of Gallardo's engineers' constant adventure in development, in order to keep the engine as low as possible and to lower the center.
Lamborghini engineers use the all-aluminum technology of Audi's body, and Audi is in a leading position in this field. The final solution is an aluminum space frame, and the aluminum extrusion is welded to the aluminum casting and welding base frame. Therefore, the frame and aluminum body parts are connected by various methods according to their respective functions, including riveting, bolting and welding. Other external parts, such as bumpers, are made of thermoplastic materials and connected by bolts.
According to Lamborghini's convention, it is natural to use the front and rear double wishbone suspension system to match this Gallardo supercar. The result is a more perfect sense of control and high-speed stability and comfort.
Pernelli Pzero tires (front 235/35 ZR 19, rear 295/30 ZR 19) ensure excellent adhesion under various road conditions. And there will be winter tires of the same size for users to choose from next autumn. 19 inch rim can be matched with large-diameter brake disc (front 365mm, rear 335), plus Brembo 8 piston front caliper and 4 piston rear caliper. The braking system cooperates with advanced ABS/ESP system to ensure better braking effect.
The high-power engine and torque make Gallardo have outstanding acceleration performance, and the top speed can reach 309 km/h. At the top speed, the body still has good stability and handling.
Of course, in addition to the most suitable suspension adjustment, excellent aerodynamic characteristics also ensure the excellent stability of the car, which not only reduces the drag coefficient, but also controls the rise coefficient before and after. Some very precise body parts can ensure this effect, such as front lip, straight bottom and electronically controlled rear tail at a specific speed.
Introduction to Ferrari
Ferrari is an Italian automobile manufacturer, which mainly manufactures Formula One racing cars, racing cars and high-performance sports cars. It was founded by An Su Ferrari in 1929. In the early days, Ferrari sponsored racing drivers to produce racing cars, and 1946 independently produced cars. Later, it became the scale of today. Now it is owned by Kuaiyi Automobile Group, which is headquartered in Maranello near Modena, Italy.
Fiat owns 50% of the company, but the company can operate independently of Fiat. Ferrari cars are mostly hand-made, so the output is very low. The annual output is only about 4,000 vehicles, and the company is headquartered in Modena, Italy.
Enzo, founder of Ferrari Motor Company? Ferrari said that his favorite racing car is the one he hasn't built yet, and his greatest success is the one he hasn't realized yet. The Italian, known as the "father of racing", has been passionate about cars since he was a child. /kloc-When he was 0/3 years old, he finally persuaded his father and started his own solo driving history. The roar of the engine on the racetrack and the thrill of the race made him more and more brave. He drives an Alpha? Romeo galloped the field and won many battles, and was praised as the "knight" of the racing team by his teammates. He went from racing to forming a racing club, and finally founded his own car company. Ferrari is now called "Red Lightning".
Ferrari history
The early stage of the company's history must be related to the founder Enzo? Ferrari was linked, and he maintained a strong influence on the company until 1988 died. After that, Luca? Di？ Montezemolo 199 1 joined Ferrari at the end of the year, and he joined Enzo? The principle of innovation and courage advocated by Ferrari has proved its strength and brought Ferrari's success to an unprecedented height that it never dreamed of.
Enzo? Ferrari 1898 was born in Modena, Italy in February, and 1988 died in August at the age of 90. He used to be a racing driver of Fiat. Encouraged by Fiat, he founded Scuderia Ferrari Company in viale Trento, Modena on 1929 to help his partners participate in racing activities. Does the company use Alpha? Romeo game to 1938, Enzo? Ferrari joined Alfa? Romeo company, become the racing manager of Alfa Coase department. 65438+September 0939, Enzo? Ferrari left Alfa? Romeo Company established Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari Company on the original site of Ferrari Team Company. The new company provides services for companies such as Air Rome, Piaggio and Riv, and its main business is to manufacture machine tools, especially hydraulic power grinders.
After leaving Alfa, Ferrari soon began to develop two samples of an 8-cylinder 1500 cc racing car, which was called an 8 15 convertible racing car, although it agreed to abide by the non-competition clause of not manufacturing cars in its own name for four years. It took part in the Mille Miglia competition of 1940.
The outbreak of World War II brought all motor racing activities to a standstill. Ferrari's factory was moved from Modena to Maranello in 1943. Although the factory was bombed in February 1944, 1 1, 1945, the manufacture of the hydraulic grinder was not interrupted.
As soon as the war ended, they began to design and manufacture the first Ferrari racing car 125 Sport, which was a 1500cc 12-cylinder engine racing car. Racer Franco Cortese took part in the race in Piacenza on May 1947 and won the race two weeks later. Since then, Ferrari has won more than 5,000 victories in track and road races around the world, creating the legend of Ferrari today.
In order to cope with the growing market demand, Enzo? Ferrari sold 50% of its shares to Fiat Group in 1969, and Fiat Group held 90% of its shares in 1988. Nevertheless, due to highly specialized production, Ferrari has always maintained a completely independent operation.
1977, Carrozzeria Scaglietti, a famous expert in automobile body design and manufacturing, joined Ferrari. Since 1950s, he has been designing chassis and body for Ferrari GT sports car.
1997, Fiat gave 50% shares of Maserati to Ferrari, a legendary automobile brand rooted in Modena, which was acquired by Fiat in 1993. 1999, Ferrari completely took over Maserati.
Maserati is a sports car manufacturer with a long history, a symbol of Excellence and nobility for a long time, an undisputed star in Italian racing history and Ferrari's earliest rival on the track. Under the management of Ferrari, it embarked on the road of revival, and its automobile series and factory facilities were completely updated. With the completion of the renewal process, Maserati returned to the direct management of Fiat Group in April 2005.
By the end of 2006, Ferrari had won 65,438+04 Formula One drivers' championships, 65,438+04 Formula One teams' championships, 65,438+04 manufacturers' world championships, 9 24 Hours of Le Mans races, 8 Mille Miglia races, 7 Targa Florio races and no less than 65,438+092 Formula One races.
Ferrari's legendary prancing horse logo has a heroic origin. Francesco Baracca, an Italian pilot who won high honors in World War I, first adopted the logo as a personal badge and sprayed it on the fuselage of an airplane.
After the war, Baraka's parents entrusted Enzo with this symbol of prancing horse. Ferrari, Ferrari put it on the yellow (Modena color) shield background as a symbol of the team.
The legendary "Ferrari red" was originally only the color assigned to Italian cars by the International Automobile Federation at the beginning of last century, as the special color for these cars to participate in the grand prix.
Ferrari's red
In many parts of the world, some colors have only one symbolic meaning. In football, orange stands for Dutch football and blue stands for Italian football. In the automobile world, it is easy for a technological innovation to write down a brand. Turbocharging technology can make people write down Sic Bo cars; L6 engine is the pride of BMW; Four-wheel drive represents the glory of Audi; Luxury car is synonymous with Rolls-Royce; Off-road vehicle is synonymous with Land Rover; F 1 is synonymous with Ferrari. If you want to find a color to quote a brand in the automobile industry, then it must be the red Ferrari! If F 1 is the best advertising form of Ferrari, then red is the color that best represents the sportsmanship! In contrast, the clubs with the largest number of fans in China are Manchester United and AC Milan. These two excellent teams are also popular! Ferrari was the only team that participated in the first F 1950 race. Ferrari's nearly 100-year history also has its trough. In the 1960s, Ferrari was almost sold to Ford Motor Company. Enzo Ferrari insisted on staying red. Today, Britain's Rolls-Royce has long been the property of the German national treasure Sagittarius; Italy's Lin Baojiani is already the pride of the Germans. Ferrari has always supported it and has become the proudest color and ideal in Italy. Compared with Stuttgart in Germany and Detroit in the United States, Modena, an Italian town that produces Ferrari, is unknown, but its red color is unique in the world! Rolls-Royce is the top masterpiece of luxury cars; Land Rover is also a well-deserved champion of off-road vehicles. But what they created was a perfect car culture. In rally and road races, they have no domineering attitude. But Ferrari has always been pursuing a realm of integration of people and cars. In the 20th century, Italy made red to the extreme. It's even hard to say whether Ferrari is a sports car or a racing car. Almost every Ferrari can become a road race participant without modification! Ferrari's direct rivals are Lamborghini and Porsche, but their competition with Ferrari is more psychological satisfaction. If Lamborghini is rock music and Porsche is country music, then Ferrari is classical music. Now is a century advocating environmental protection, but the green car made by Honda team F 1 has left a funny joke, but it is not the fault of Honda team. Nowadays, many off-road vehicles are also pursuing high horsepower, which should not be. Ferrari doesn't have a series of off-road vehicles, and it doesn't aim for more horsepower. In the heart of every car fan, there is also a dream about the event or design. And red has always been the dream of every Ferrari fan. Germany and the United States are places that every racer wants to stay, and Italy is the place that all designers are willing to go in the end.
Car logo story
The symbol of Ferrari is a jumping horse. In World War I, Italy had an excellent pilot. Having such a prancing horse on his plane will bring him good luck. After Ferrari won the first race. The pilot's parents are a couple of earl. They suggested that Ferrari should also print this prancing horse for good luck on the car. Later, the pilot died and the horse turned black; The background color of the logo is canary color in Modena where the company is located.