1. Schizophrenia:
Diagnostic criteria:
1. Symptoms last for at least 1 month.
2. Meet symptomatic diagnostic criteria: (1) Associative disorder (2) Delusion (3) Hallucination (4) Emotional disorder (5) Behavioral disorder (6) Passive experience (7) Decreased willpower
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3. Serious procedural standards: loss or incomplete insight, or obvious impairment of social functions, or impairment of reality testing ability, or inability to hold effective conversations.
4. Exclude organic mental disorders of the brain, mental disorders caused by physical diseases, mental disorders caused by psychoactive substances, non-dependent substances, and exclude mood disorders.
2. Bipolar disorder
Key points for diagnosis:
1. Symptoms must be consistent with manic or hypomanic episodes, mixed episodes and depressive episodes. Standards
(1) Noisy manic episode: (1) Elevated mood and/or irritability (2) Running thoughts (3) Increased willpower (4) Others: often reduced need for sleep, appetite, Increased libido, etc.
(2) Depressive episode: (1) Mainly persistent low mood, manifested by slow thinking and reduced speech and movement. (2) Biological characteristic symptoms (loss of appetite, weight loss, and depressed mood with rhythmic changes of heavier in the morning and lighter in the evening).
(3) Repeated thoughts of death or committing suicide or self-harm.
2. Characteristics of severe episodes: Mania, depressive episodes and mixed episodes may cause pain to the patient or cause significant impairment of the patient's social functions, but there is no obvious impairment or impairment of social functions during hypomanic episodes. Very light.
3. Characteristics of the course of the disease: a manic episode or hypomanic episode lasts for more than one week, and a depressive episode or mixed episode lasts for at least 2 weeks.
3. Paranoid mental disorder
1. Systemic delusion is the main clinical symptom. The content of their delusions is not absurd, bizarre, or generalized. They are relatively fixed and systematic, with relatively rigorous logical reasoning and explanations, and have a certain connection with real life. Common delusions include victimization, jealousy, exaggeration, hypochondriasis, and Zhong Qing et al.
2. Usually there are few or no hallucinations.
3. Except for the abnormal emotions and intentional behaviors related to the delusion content, the patient's other personal behaviors are basically not damaged, and the personality remains relatively intact.
4. Course of disease and serious procedure requirements: persistent disease course, at least 3 months, severe impairment of social functions and loss of insight.
4. Schizoaffective disorder
Only in the same episode of the disease, obvious and definite symptoms of schizophrenia and affective symptoms appear at the same time or only within a few days.
1. Have typical symptoms of depression or mania and symptoms of schizophrenia at the same time, and the two symptoms coexist and are equally prominent.
2. The disease has intermittent attacks, and there is no obvious functional defect in the intermittent period after the symptoms are relieved.
3. The onset is rapid, and there may be stress triggers for the onset.
4. There are no obvious personality defects before the disease. Some patients have a family history of schizophrenia or mood disorders.
5. Mental disorders caused by epilepsy
1. History of epilepsy or evidence of epileptic seizures.
2. It is an episodic mental disorder, usually of short duration, with different procedural disturbances of consciousness, and unable to fully recall afterwards.
3. Persistent mental disorders, such as intellectual disability and personality disorders.
6. Severe mental retardation
1. The intelligence is significantly lower than that of normal people of the same age, and the IQ of the standard intelligence test is <70.
2. Social adaptability is lower than that of peers with the same cultural background.
3. Originated before the age of 18.
4. Some patients have special postures, faces, physical diseases and neurological signs.