Graphic design composition was originally developed from painting composition, and it followed the painting composition rules, cared about the aesthetic value of painting, and ignored the visual communication effect of composition, which adapted to the characteristics of underdeveloped economy and small amount of information at that time. Today, with the developed market economy and all kinds of media information flooding people's horizons, graphic design must put the visual communication effect first, and study the relationship between composition and visual psychology from the standpoint of visual information communication. Dealing with the relationship between beauty and communication effect, in photography, composition is understood as the business position, which is to solve the relationship between image and space, and its task and purpose is to create the form of virtue. Obviously, this is inconsistent with the first principle of modern graphic design, which is also the reason and necessity for us to get out of the thinking of photographic composition.

There is a dialectical relationship between beauty and information communication, that is, the form that is conducive to communication must be beautiful. However, the form of beauty is not necessarily conducive to information transmission. For example, harmony is a kind of beauty, but the harmonious form and color will inevitably lose visual impact in a harmonious environment. Therefore, only the form that constitutes visual impact and is acceptable to the audience is the connotation of graphic design.

2. Graphic design composition and visual

composition should resort to vision. We must follow the laws of visual cognition. Visual attention is not easy to attract people's attention without psychological needs. Generally, there are two forms of visual attention: active attention and passive attention

Passive attention is that people have no subjective consciousness, no internal physiological and psychological needs, and it is generated under external stimuli ... Graphic design is passive attention in most cases. So in such stimuli, It is necessary to pay attention to the following aspects: (1) the area of the main information is larger than that of the secondary information in the same composition; (2) the degree of contrast should be appropriately grasped, and it should also be avoided; (3) the concise form is easy to be perceived, and it is forbidden to gild the lily; (4) the novel composition is easy to attract people due to its novel adaptation and visual characteristics. Don't stick to the rules.

3. Composition and psychology

Different audiences have different psychological needs, such as teenagers like lively forms, women like elegant forms, and the elderly like stable and peaceful forms, so graphic design should seek the best expression for different specific audiences and information content. It is easy to arouse the feelings of the audience.

4. Composition and creation

Design is an art of creation. Unique personality is the life of visual communication design. Overcoming the laziness of thinking and developing the ability of creative thinking are the basic qualities of modern designers.

Second, the composition elements of graphic design

Graphic design is to spread all kinds of information into visual language through appropriate forms. Its constituent elements are composed of information content and forms of expression

1. Content elements

(1) Content includes words, illustrations and signs

Words and characters can generally be divided into three parts: title, content and signature. When composing a composition, the primary and secondary parts should be handled well to guide the visual and orderly reading.

Illustrations are vivid and easy to understand, and are not limited by cultural background, which is conducive to improving interest and attention.

For example, the enterprise's image logo registration code, conference logo anti-counterfeiting logo, etc.

(2). Form transformation of content elements

Content elements must be transformed into form elements such as dots, lines and planes, so as to form a picture according to the principle of plane composition ... In the process of form formation, accurate information transmission is the first element, and it is forbidden to blindly pursue the aesthetic feeling of form.

Form of words

Image combination state performance of letters of dots, lines and planes.

the morphology of signs

signs generally present a fixed combination and express a specific meaning, but the size and combination form of signs can be changed according to the needs of communication to make them present a variety of forms.

The form of illustrations

Illustrations in graphic design include concrete images, decorative graphics, abstract graphics, photographic graphics, cg animation, etc.

2. Formal elements

There are many formal elements that constitute graphic design, but there are three main ones that directly affect composition. Frames, borders, and terrains

(1) Frames consider their scale and shape

(2) In order to set off the main image, a certain area of color gamut or graphic image is used collectively as terrains. There are various terrains in graphic design, mainly as follows:

a Terrains without edges in the bleeding sub-frame are full and expanded. It can be divided into two types: whole bleeding and local bleeding.

B-edged fields have a certain width at the edge of the frame, which has a sense of concentration and perfection.

C-textured fields take the texture of natural images such as wood and stone as the main image.

D-local fields alone set off a small area of an image of the picture, which is flexible and vivid.

E-patterned fields are set off by continuous geometry and decorative patterns. Strong decoration.

F graphic placer takes painting, graphics and photos as an additional placer, which has both the function of placer and graphics.

The border handles the edge of the frame linearly, which has the function of strengthening the visual impact with the fixed frame.

3. Relationship elements of composition

In graphic design, design elements such as text illustration logo placer and border respectively present relatively independent forms. Organize these different forms together, First of all, we should solve the relationship between forms, highlight and strengthen the main forms, and form the visual order service and visual communication effect of primary and secondary forms. In the form of composition, there are generally relationship elements such as shape, position, area direction and level.

(1) Shape relationship

The morphological differences of design elements, such as size, width, Fiona Fang's straightness, simplicity and complexity, should be controlled well.

(3) Area relationship

The visual impact of the area is also different, and the shape of the design elements is called orthomorphism, which sets off the orthomorphism with a negative shape, and the sum of the orthomorphism and the negative shape is the whole frame. The supernormal change of the positive and negative shapes will lead to the transformation of the positive and negative

(4) Direction relationship

There are differences in directions such as vertical, oblique, parallel and angulation among the forms, which create attention.

(5) Hierarchical relationship

The overlapping of layers will cause changes before and after, creating a three-dimensional effect in a two-dimensional space. The first layer is prominent and has a sense of progress, which is suitable for arranging the main form, while the second and third layers have a sense of retreat and arranging the secondary form or ground

III. The formal law of composition

refers to the relative static state of the visual weight sense of each part in the picture space. There are two states of balance. There are unified balance (axisymmetric balance, central symmetry balance) and changing balance (asymmetric balance or balance), including changing proportion balance and changing distance balance.

Forms are organized according to laws, resulting in an orderly state of visual and psychological beauty. Changing the laws of form or organization will form an ever-changing order form. The same form can be divided into the same order and the gradual order

The same order is repeated or repeated, and the same or different forms are regularly arranged and combined

The gradual order The same form changes its own image or organizational rules according to certain laws, and the formation of the gradual order is formed by a beautiful number ratio, such as arithmetic geometric progression, etc., and the changing order is also called rhythm.

Harmony can be divided into similar harmony and contrast harmony

IV. Basic forms of composition

1. Horizontal division, equal division or non-division, divided into two or more

2. Vertical division, according to visual laws, places important contents on the left or in the middle

3. Horizontal and vertical division is suitable for the transmission of a large amount of information

4. Oblique and lively

5.