(1) Similarities:

Nature: All belong to the top-down reform and self-help movement of the landlord class.

Background: This all happened against the background of internal troubles and foreign invasion.

Content: It involves military affairs, economy, culture and education.

Results: None of them achieved the expected goal and all failed.

Significance: They all promoted the modernization process of China to some extent. (5 points)

(2) Difference: The degree of internal and external troubles is different; The duration is different; The content is different. The Westernization Movement did not involve political reform, but there was political content in the "New Deal" in the late Qing Dynasty. The effect is also different. (3 points)

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