It is a safety regulatory organization and a security inspection organization for imported and exported products in the United States.

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Excerpts of safety regulations

Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of safety regulations

1. The definition and purpose of safety regulations.

1. Definition: Safety regulations formulated by various countries according to the scope of use of equipment.

2. Purpose of applying for safety regulations: To protect the safety of users’ lives and property. If not Risk of electric shock, fire, etc.

2. General safety standards.

1. Basically based on IEC international standards, each country develops its standards based on different national needs. .

2. Such as IEC60950 (Information Technology Equipment information products)

3. USA – UL60950

4. EU – EN60950

5. China – GB 4943

6. Australia – AS3260

7. Japan – J60950

8. South Korea – K60950

9. There is no special standard number, it is still IEC60950 –

10. Singapore, Argentina.

11. Medical equipment – ??IEC60601

12. Video products – IEC60065

13. Home appliances – IEC60335

IEC safety standard general order name IEC60XXX

EMC standard general order name IEC61000-

3. General universal voltage.

1. North America – US, Canada 120V, 60Hz

2. Central and South America – 220V is more common, and some countries also have 120V

3. European Union – 230V, 50Hz (because the UK is originally 240V and other Western European countries are 220V, so the compromise is 220V)

4. Eastern Europe – generally 220V, 50Hz

5. Japan – 100V, 50 HZ Australia, New Zealand – 240V, 50 Hz

6. Most other countries use 220V. Such as: China, South Korea, Southeast Asian countries.

IV. . Power supply form.

1. Adapter – with plastic shell

a. Class I has grounding pin

b. Class II has no grounding pin (double insulation ) Use Inlet to directly plug into the wall Open Frame – without shell and with iron shell

5. CB Report

1. What is CB report.

2. CB - Certify Body certification unit.

3. NCB – National Certification Unit.

4. Function of CB report.

5. -Save application time and cost

Chapter 2 Safety Design Precautions for Machine Types

1. Key points for approval of safety parts

1. X capacitor

X For square capacitors, X capacitors are used to solve EMI problems. A resistor is connected in series, and this resistor is called a bleeder resistor. When the control plant

Brand and model.

b). Other safety regulations: Control the brand and model, and report when changing brands.

c). Rating: Report as Max. It can only be changed to a smaller size but not a larger size, otherwise it will need to be reported.

d). Generally, Feihong uses the following brands:

OKAYA: PA, RE type

Arcotronics: R.46, original 1.40, disabled in 1.47

Hua June: MKP type

Roderstein: F1772 type

Evox Rifa: PHE840M

e). Generally, the maximum temperature limit of X capacitor is 100℃

2. Y capacitor

Y capacitor is divided into Y1 and Y2 capacitor. The capacitor is a double-insulated capacitor. The larger the Y capacitor, the greater the leakage current. The leakage current limit of Class II products is 0.25mA. If the total value of the Y capacitor is greater than 3300pF, it will fail. The X and Y capacitors are unnecessary Components. If the design and layout of the product are OK, and there are no problems with EMI, you do not need to use such components (set as Optional). When applying for general safety regulations, the X and Y capacitors are listed with their maximum values. Please note that the operating temperature of EC capacitors does not exceed its rated value. Temperature and capacitance value are generally set to min, which can only be changed to a larger value but not a smaller value.

a). UL- FOKY2, FOWX2 and IEC384-14 X2 approval. Brand and model are not controlled.

b). Other safety regulations: Control the brand and model. Changes in brand must also be reported.

c). Rating: Reported as Max., can only be changed to a smaller one and cannot be changed to a larger one. .Otherwise, it must be reported.

d). The capacitor across the primary and secondary sides is called Bridging Capacitor. Generally more than 3300uF, the LCC test in the safety test may fail - please pay special attention.

e). Generally used brands of Feihong:

TDK: CD (Y1), CS (Y2) type

Murata: KX (Y1), KC( Y2 ) type

Pan Overseas: AH (Y1), AC ( Y2) type

Success: SE ( Y1), SB ( Y1), SF ( Y2 )

Roderstein: WKO ( Y2) type

Matsushita: NS-A type

f). Generally, the maximum temperature limit of X capacitor is 85℃.

TDK CD type and Success SB, SE type safety recognized to 125℃.g). X, Y capacitors can generally be marked as Optional on the report.

3. Fuse / Thermal fuse (thermal cut off)

a). Fuse selection standard - as long as it is larger than the rated input current.

b). Please do not use T 2.5A for both large and small power adapters. CE surge only needs to be tested 1KV (2 pin adapter), 2KV (3 pin adapter). Because sometimes the difference between the Fuse rating and the input current is too large, the fuse cannot be broken immediately, which will cause danger to the end user.

c). Because the fuse It is an important safety part, and samples must be prepared for each manufacturer/type to be reported.

d).

After the safety regulations are completed, the new fuse needs to be reported for testing.

e). Please inform the engineer of more than 2 manufacturers and types.

f). If the Thermal fuse is If it will not work under any circumstances, you can apply for Optional.

4. Storage Capacitor

a). Generally, the application is reported as min.. If the rating becomes larger, No need to report.

b). If the Rating becomes smaller, report and test are required.

c). Storage capacitor - only controls the rating, not the manufacturer and type.

d). The maximum temperature is only 105?C. If the temperature is too high, it may also affect the limit of max. ambient.

5. Heat shrinkable sleeve:

a) . Must have UL, CSA approval. Generally, the manufacturer and model will not be indicated on the safety report.

b). Rating: Choose the appropriate voltage and temperature. Feihong almost all uses 600V, 125?C. (600V?)

6. Transformer

a). The most important part in the entire finished product. If the transformer changes, at least 50 tests will have to be redone.

b). Changes in coil and wire diameter must be reported to safety regulations.

c).UL Class B 130C insulation system.

d).If three-layer insulated wire is not used It is Dash 2 B-5 system.

This system is reported because Changchun Bakelite bobbin is in this system. e). If three-layer insulated wire is used - it is HIS-8A system.

This system is reported because the three-layer insulated wires of Furukawa type TEX-E and totoku type TIW-E are included in this system. The only wires that can be used are Hitachi CP-J-8800 type (bakelite). f).Insulation system must be marked on the label of the transformer.

g). If you do not use three-layer insulated wire when applying for UL, the materials used in Class A and Class B are the same, so you generally apply directly. Class B transformer.

h). Feihong has not applied for UL Class E insulation system.

i). Furukawa and Totoku three-layer insulated wire UL certification itself is only 105°C, but Because it is included in the Hitachi Chemical HIS-8A system, it can be used in Class B 130?C. However, if used alone, it is still only 105?C UL approval.

j).Furukawa only has Class E in TUV 120°C approved. Totoku has 130°C approved by TUV.

k).UL Class B system, all materials can be used regardless of their individual approved temperatures, as long as the materials listed in the system can be used. However, Anything not listed in the system cannot be used.

l). Other safety regulations determine whether it can be used based on the temperature recognized by the material itself

m). Transformer rating

Class A – Temperature rise <75 K

Class E – Temperature rise <90 K

Class B – Temperature rise <95 K

Other Class H, Class F

* When applying for UL, if the transformer grade is > Class E, you must apply for an insulation system.

n).Transformer

Transformer insulation system

(1) PH transformer insulation system UL file: E149666 With three-layer insulated wire system HIS-8A Without three-layer insulated wire system DASH 2 B-5

(2) Transformer insulation system Insulation Class B Materials to note: Bobbin Mylar tape, Margin tape, three-layer insulated wire (if any) Fan Lishui.

o). The surface of the transformer must be printed with the insulation system to which the transformer belongs. (HIS-8A or DASH 2 B-5), transformer model, such as PSC05R-050 transformer, its surface should be marked C05R0501 PHIHONG E149666 HIS-8A, etc.

7. Noise Filter (NF) .

When recognizing NF, check the requirements of CB report or UL report. Generally speaking, UL has no special requirements for Noise Filter material and manufacturer, as long as its temperature resistance can withstand the maximum temperature rise of the transformer. , the materials and manufacturers used do not necessarily comply with Feihong's insulation system.

8. Plastic Enclose

a). If the product is a direct plug-in type. Apply for IEC950 When the Plug needs to be used for ball pressure, the ball pressure test temperature is 125?C min. 1hour. Therefore, the material of the plug must be considered.

b). For the enclosure, the plug (plastic part) needs to be used for the oven and ball. pressure test, if you want to apply for two or more materials, you must provide samples for each material.

c). USA type Direct plug-in adapter, although the 2000 version of UL1310 reduces the distance to 5.2mm, but Because the distance in Canada remains unchanged, when applying for UL, cUL is still based on 7.9mm min.. The distance here refers to the shortest distance between the golden finger and the AC input blade after the adapter is inserted into the socket.

9. Fan

a). In addition to paying attention to the size of the fan, the most important thing is its air volume.

b). When the safety regulations are completed, if you want to report for a new fan For the fan, please try to find one with a larger air volume (CFM) than the original fan. Otherwise, the temperature will be abnormal...need to retest.

c). Customers often complain that the noise is too high and require replacement of the fan.

d). Please look for fans with UL and European certification types.

10. AC / DC Cord

a). Generally, AC is not included with the application. cord, but if you consider that the customer requires that the AC cord be included with the shipment, you can apply for the AC cord as optional.

b). If you do not apply for the AC cord as optional, it must be packaged separately and cannot be stored. In the same carton.

c). The DC cord is a safety part under UL and will be written on the UL report. It is not a safety part under other safety standards.

d). If If you apply for UL, it must be at least VW-1. 80°C, but UL will generally mark 300V. But if there is a rating on the safety sample, the temperature will be written directly on the UL report according to the type, rating, and temperature on the sample, Ex. 18AWG . 2464 type, VW-1. 80°C. Therefore, please pay special attention when asking the wire manufacturer to make samples.

11. Ground yellow and green wire

a). Ground wire must be Make terminals.

b). If using 3 p

in inlet, one end of the ground wire must be soldered directly to the FG pin of the inlet. Please do not solder both ends to the PCB.

c). If the open frame type uses a 3 pin connector, because it does not After confirmation, the iron shell will be grounded. Therefore, grounding test must be done at all locations.

12. Other safety parts

a). Switch- control brand, model, rating.

b). Relay -- control the brand, model, rating.

c). Varistor -- control the brand, model, rating.

d ). Inlet / outlet - control brand, model, rating.

e). Optocoupler (PC) - control brand, model, internal insulation distance, withstand voltage.

f). Insulator- kapton / mylar tape, insulating pad, insulating mylar sheet

(1). General insulating tape is not recognized by UL94, and the UL card only has the operating temperature. Mylar / Kapton tape is used for insulation Pass AC3000 / Hi-pot test for each layer

(2). The insulating pad must control the brand, model, temperature and combustion level.

(3). Generally used Although the mylar sheet is 94V-0, the temperature is admittedly only 60?C. Therefore, please pay attention to whether the surrounding temperature will exceed the operating temperature.

(4). Diode - control rating.

(5). Resistor - control rating.

13. Plugs for various countries

a) . US Type – used in North America, Japan, Taiwan.. EU Type – used in Europe And countries where the voltage is generally 220V.. UK Type – used in the United Kingdom, Ireland.. Australia Type – used in Australia, New Zealand.

e). Korea Type – used in South Korea, its shape is similar to EU type is the same but its Metal cap EU type 4.0 mm, Korea type 4.8 mm.

f) . Argentina type – similar to Australian plug but with “N” printed near the Neutral pin.

14. Plastic materials.

a. Different plastic materials have different applicable temperatures and combustion levels.

Ex. PC ABS GE C2950 80C, V-0

PC GE 940 120C, V-0

Noryl GE SE1 105C, V-1

b. Therefore, it must be selected according to its scope of use.

c. Safety tests related to plastic materials.

d. Shell oven test min. 70C.

e. Standby part ball pressure test min. 125C.

f. Drop, Impact test (shell).

g. Insulation sheet part (mylar sheet).

h. Used to isolate the primary and secondary sides, min . The thickness requirement is 0.4mm.

i. If used to isolate the primary or secondary side, min. The thickness requirement is in accordance with the UL card.

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j. The minimum thickness requirement is sufficient.

k. Ex. FR1 min. 0.23 mm 94V-0, 110C.

l. General plastic materials only need It is recognized by UL and is acceptable in other countries.

m. UL standard for testing plastic materials UL 94. PCB.

a). The rating of the fuse must be marked near the body. And it cannot cause confusion. The number of each part must also be clearly identifiable.

b). Safety distance:

No. Description Space edge

1 AC line—natural 2.0 2.5

2 AC line—FG 2.0 2.5

3 Primary—secondary (when lt; 20W and gt; 20W) 2.0 2.5

4.4 6.4

4 Primary—PE 2.0 2.5

5 Line—Ground None

6 Fuse 2.0 2.5

7 Secondary side None

8 Secondary—FG None

9 Primary before Fuse 2.0 2.5

c) The bottom plate of the PCB is the shielding plate, and its requirements are as follows:

(1). There must be discontinuous surfaces within the copper mooring range, and the diameter of any discontinuous surface is not larger than the size required by safety regulations

Eg.: CHANYOU (Qianyou) Max. 25.4mm

YUE WAN (Yuhua) Max. 9.4mm

(2). The bottom plate is the secondary side or the primary side. It must be noted that the distance between the primary side and the secondary side should not be less than 5mm.

16. Model Label:

a). General requirements:

General model label must indicate: company name or trademark, model, input voltage, input current , input frequency, output voltage, output current, AC and DC symbols and related safety symbols and descriptions.

Regarding the input voltage, since the voltage in European Union (EU) countries is 230Vac, the input voltage of the product must be 230Vac: such as 220-240Vac, 230Vac, 230-240Vac, 100-240Vac. A single 220Vac or 240Vac is not acceptable. .

Requires the name of the machine model, that is, the type. For example: Switching power supply, AC Adapter, AC Power supply

b). Model naming requirements.

Japan’s safety certificate only uses an output limit value to stipulate the applicable range of the machine model, that is, you can apply for PSE safety in series.

China’s safety certificate can be applied in series of models, but when When we derive a series of models, we must pay attention to the model name on the model label to be consistent with the safety certificate.

Singapore safety regulations can only be applied for a single model and there is no series name, so when drawing the model When labeling derivative models, be sure to confirm whether the model name is consistent with the model name on the applied safety certificate.

c). The request of trademark on the certifications and labels:

Except for UL safety, which has no special requirements for the trademark drawn on the label, the safety requirements of other countries require that the trademark on the label must be consistent with the trademark reported on certifications or CB certifications. Otherwise, it must be re-registered before printing. New trademark.

d). The safety mark printed on the label is required by each country.

(1) China – CCC. In addition to CCC (Samp; E) on the model label, The factory number of the manufacturer must also be marked. Before printing the CCC mark, you must first apply to the CCC Mark Issuance Center of the China National Certification and Supervision Commission for authorization to print the CCC mark.

(2) Japan – PSE. To print the PSE mark on the label, the local company name in Japan should also be printed on it.

(3) Korea – KTL. To print the Korea safety mark on the label, in addition to the certification No., There should also be the name of the production site and the phone number of the local agent or company.

e). Some symbols and letters on the label indicate their meaning.

: Class II equipment, also called dual equipment Insulation.

LPS: limited power source.

ITE:

2. Safety mark Common mistakes

1. Double insulation mark, min. 5mm.

2. CE mark min. 5mm.

3. C-tick mark min. 5mm.

4. Mexico NOM mark Please don’t just draw half of it, add the arrow mark next to it.

5. Caution: Basically IEC60950 does not have Caution requirements, but if you want to put it up, please comply with the requirement of 3.2mm character height. The CCC mark must be placed under it. Factory number.

3. Special precautions for safety parts

1. At least two manufacturers must be provided to avoid problems with purchasing materials, or when the original manufacturer has quality problems. It cannot be replaced immediately.

2. Choose the manufacturer carefully - I have encountered fan, switch... manufacturers went bankrupt

A new manufacturer needs to be reported. Try to use existing manufacturers. Ex. You don’t necessarily know that you need to report it. (Exceptions specified by customers). UL - If there is only paper work, Min, USD 500. If there is testing, additional fees will be charged based on the test content

2. Other safety fees :

TUV will charge NT 7,000.0 for reported parts that are not used for testing.

The more safety regulations you apply for, the higher the registration fee will be.

Therefore, engineers are asked to select parts carefully and inform safety regulators of all sources at once. Some parts involve electrical and mechanical components. If inlet needs to be installed, installation regulators may not be able to help find a second source. Chapter 3 Feihong Aircraft Models Naming rules

For example, a model PSXYYZ-AAA.

1. X = A, M, C.

A – Standard model Ex. PSA60W.

M – Customer model Ex. PSM4604C .

C – Low cost model Ex. PSC10A-050 .

2. YY - Output wattage Ex . PSC10A-050 (10 watts).

3. Z - Input connection method. A - USA type plug Ex. PSA10A- 050. C - China type plug ex. PSC10C-050 . E - EU type plug ex. PSE10C-050 K - UK type plug ex. PSE10K-050 S Austra type plug ex. PSE10C-050. H PSE10C-050 H Type Korea type plug ex. PSE10H-050. N Direct wall plug type Argentain type plug ex. PSE10N-050. W – 2 pin inlet ex. PSA60 W. U – 3 pin Inlet ex. PSA50U-120

4. AAA- Output voltage volts Ex. PSA60W-120 is 12V, so if you apply for safety regulations, you must determine the applicable country’s safety regulations based on its input connection method.