Doctor is an official title in ancient Chinese.
It first appeared in the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago. It is responsible for keeping documents and archives, compiling writings, controlling ancient and modern times, imparting knowledge, and cultivating talents.
From the Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, the main responsibilities of doctors were to be in charge of books, to understand the past and present, and to prepare consultants. During the reign of Qin Shihuang, there were 70 doctors.
In the Han Dynasty, doctors were Taichang subordinate officials, with an official rank of 600 shi and a staff of up to ten people. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Gongsun Hong's suggestion and established a Doctor of Five Classics to specialize in teaching Confucian classics.
In the Tang Dynasty, doctors such as Guozi, Taixue, and Simen were established. There are also Doctors of Law, Doctors of Calligraphy, Doctors of Arithmetic, Doctors of Government Studies, State Studies, and County Studies, all of which are professors, rather than the official titles of central government officials who teach Confucian classics.
Extended information
The three-level degree system of bachelor's degree, master's degree, and doctoral degree originally started in the European Middle Ages. Now most developed countries have implemented the degree system. In our country, it was not until 1935 that the then National Government promulgated the Degree Awarding Law. This is the beginning of the implementation of the degree system in our country, but it has not been fully implemented.
In February 1980, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress promulgated the "Regulations on Academic Degrees of the People's Republic of China" (amended in August 2004), which follows the internationally accepted three-level system of bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. Degree awarded. Based on this, many people think that the names of bachelor's degree, master's degree, and doctorate are imported. In fact, the first people to invent and use these names were the sage ancestors of our Chinese nation.
Doctor, an official title in ancient my country, first appeared in the Warring States Period.
The name "master" began in the Five Dynasties. "New History of the Five Dynasties: Biography of Eunuchs" says: "Those who are in front, left, and behind will be closer, while loyal ministers and masters will be more distant." An honorific title for a person, neither an official title nor a degree.
The title of bachelor first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty and referred to the aristocratic children who were studying. At the same time, it is also a general term for literati, scholars and learned people. There is a record in "Zhou Li Chunguan" that "the imperial edict and the Che, the handsome scholar and the song Che" were recorded. At that time, it specifically referred to the literary scholars who studied. After the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, bachelor's degree gradually became an official position and was responsible for different things. Among them, most of them were awarded bachelor's degrees for literature and skills, and their taste was not high.
In the Tang and Song dynasties, there were respectively bachelors of attendance and lecturers, whose responsibilities were to serve as lecturers and lecturers for the emperor. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, a literature museum was set up, and eighteen people including Fang Xuanling and Du Ruhui were appointed as bachelors. The status of bachelors was greatly improved and they began to participate in government affairs. Among them, Hanlin bachelors are the first among the bachelors. They are the emperor's trusted advisors and secretaries. They are responsible for drafting edicts for the emperor and participating in military and state secrets, so they are called "internal ministers". There is also a bachelor of Jixian Palace, who is the official of literary works.
Because of the "accompanying the king", since the Song Dynasty, once a Hanlin bachelor was awarded, he had the hope of becoming a prime minister. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, bachelors served as advisors to the emperor, and later the most prestigious bachelors were given the title of grand bachelor. During the Yongle period of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, all those who joined the cabinet and participated in machine maintenance were promoted from bachelor's degree to bachelor's degree. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, academicians were appointed as cabinet chiefs, drafting edicts, commenting on memorials, and actually performing the duties of prime minister. The Qing Dynasty did not have a prime minister, but still followed the Ming system, with a bachelor as the cabinet chief, and a bachelor of the palace or pavilion as the prime minister. He had a prominent position and an official rank of Zhengyipin, the head of the civil service.
When Japan introduced the degree system from the West during the Meiji period, it borrowed the Chinese terms doctor, master, and bachelor to translate the English degree titles DOCTOR, MASTER, and BACHELOR. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the Chinese imported this translation method from Japan. In this way, the titles of doctorate, master, and bachelor's degree originated from China were linked to the modern degree system for the first time in China, its birthplace.
It can be seen that the degree system originated in the West, and the names of the three-level degrees of bachelor, master, and doctorate originated from China. It is just that the bachelor, master, and doctorate in ancient my country have different meanings from the modern degree names. .
Baidu Encyclopedia--Ph.D.