(The following content comes from Baidu Encyclopedia)

Contribution Defender Chaoyangshan

The Wind in July is a poem in the Book of Songs, the first poetry collection in ancient China. This poem reflects the agricultural production and farmers' daily life in the early Zhou Dynasty, which not only has important historical value, but also is an outstanding narrative and lyrical poem. Poetry * * * eight chapters. The first chapter begins with the cold year and the spring ploughing. The second chapter is about women's sericulture; The third chapter describes the production of cloth and silk materials; The fourth chapter writes about hunting wild animals; The fifth chapter writes that one year will be over, and I will clean up my house for the winter; The sixth chapter writes about collecting and storing fruits and vegetables and making wine, which are all for the public, and the food collected and stored for themselves is melon and pitted bitter vegetables and the like; The seventh chapter writes that after the harvest is completed, it will do house repair or indoor work for the public, and then repair its own hut; At the end of the chapter, I write about the labor of cutting ice and the annual year-end swallow drinking. Throughout the poem, the technique of "Fu" is used, centering on the word "bitterness". According to the sequence of seasons, it is written from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, from farming and sericulture to hunting and cutting ice, which reflects the multi-level working face and high-intensity labor all year round. The language is unpretentious, and it is written entirely by means of narration. The tone is sad and bitter, as if crying about a heavy history.

Name of the work: Jian Feng July

Alias of the work: July

Creation year: Western Zhou Dynasty

Origin of the work: The Book of Songs

Literary genre: miscellaneous ancient poems

July 2, September 3. On the first day, it will be 4, and on the second day, it will be 5. No clothes and no brown 6, why did you die at the age of 7? On the third day, raise your toes on the eighth and fourth day. With my wife and son, 1, 11, 12.

July is full of fire, and clothes are given in September. In spring, Yang is 13 and Ming Cang Geng is 14. The woman holds the basket 15, follows it 16, and asks for the mulberry 17. Spring is late 18, and Qi Qi 19 is adopted. The female heart is sad, and almost the same as the son returns to 2.

July is full of fire, and August is full of reeds. Silkworm moon strips mulberry 22, take another axe fork 23 to cut Yuanyang 24, and take another female mulberry 25. In July, I sang 26, and in August, I recorded my achievements. Xuan Zai Huang 27, I Zhu Kongyang 28, for the childe petticoats.

April is 29, and May is 3. It was harvested in August and fell in October. On the first day, at 32, I took the fox as my son's fur. On the second day, he was the same as 33, carrying 34 martial arts, 35 private words, and 36 public offerings.

In May, I moved 37 stocks, in June, I was in the wild, in August, in the house, in September, and in October, crickets came under my bed. The dome smothered 39 rats and stuffed them into 4 households. Well, my wife, who is 41 years old, entered this room.

In June, you will have a depressed and bitter taste of 42; in July, you will have a bitter taste of 43; in August, you will have a peeled jujube of 44; and in October, you will get rice. Therefore, you will have a spring wine of 45, which will help you celebrate your longevity of 46. Eat melons in July, break pots in August 47, uncle in September 48, and pick tea for 49, and eat my farmer.

build 5 fields in September and collect 51 crops in October. Millet and millet are 52, and Hema is 53. Well, I'm a farmer, and I have the same crops, so I went to the palace for 54 years. The day is in the grass, and the night is in the rope. I am eager to take the house 56, and it begins to broadcast a hundred valleys.

on the second day, the ice rushed 57, and on the third day, it was accepted in Lingyin 58. On the fourth day, its fleas were 59, and lambs were sacrificed to leeks for 6. September Su Shuang 61, October Washing Factory 62. Friends drink 63, saying kill the lamb. The court is 64, and it is called 65, and 66 is boundless. [1]

divination (bΡ n) style: one of the fifteen national styles in The Book of Songs, with seven chapters. The tapir, an ancient city name, is located in Xunyi and Bin County of Shaanxi Province today.

July filariasis: fire, or fire, the name of the star, that is, the heart. Flow, flow. Every summer in May, at dusk, this star is due south, that is, in the middle and the highest position. After June, it will go down to the west, which is called "flow"

Giving clothes: Give the work of cutting winter clothes to female workers. Things like silk and hemp ended in September, so I started making winter clothes at this time.

first day: the day of the first month after October. It is a calendar method. √ (b √): the sound of strong wind touching objects.

Li Lie: Or "chilly" to describe cold qi.

brown: coarse cloth.

year of death: the last year.

Yu Li: repair Lei Li (tools for ploughing and digging up soil). In, still "for".

toe-lifting: plow with your feet raised. Toes, feet

wife: wife and children.

yi: feed food. Mu: refers to the field. The field is ploughed into several ridges, with acres at the top and furrows at the bottom. The east-west direction of the ridge is called "East Mu" and the north-south direction is called "South Mu".

Tian Tuan (jùn): agricultural official name, also known as Nong Zheng or Tian Dafu.

spring: it refers to February. Load: beginning. Yang: Warm.

Cang Geng: The name of the bird is Oriole.

yi (y): deep.

micro-walk: path, path.

yuán: the word is still "yue". Rousang: The newborn mulberry leaves.

tardiness: everlasting.

gnat (fán): Compositae plant, namely Artemisia argyi. The ancients used it as a sacrifice, and women had a "sacrifice of teaching" before marriage. As soon as it is said that the silkworm eggs are "wowo", the silkworms are easy to come out, so sericulturists need it. The law is not detailed. Qiqi: numerous (refers to the gathering of gnats).

Almost going home with your son: it means that you are afraid of being forced to take it home by your son. When I said it, I was afraid of being taken to him by the microscope. Childe, refers to the son of the monarch.

huán reed: reed. Weeds grow in August and can be harvested to make foil.

silkworm month: refers to March in the summer calendar. Mulberry: Prune mulberry trees.

qiāng: an axe with a square hole.

soaring: refers to branches that grow too long and soar.

yi (yǐ): Shuo Wen and Guang Ya are written as "Yi", pulling. "Mulberry" is to pull mulberry branches by hand to pick leaves. The Southern Dynasties Yuefu poem "The Degree of Mulberry Picking" says, "If you tie strips to pick spring mulberries, why do you pick leaves?" It seems that you tie mulberries with ropes first and then pull them with ropes. Female mulberry: Xiao mulberry.

anchovy (jú): bird name, namely shrike.

Xuan: black and red color. Dyeing of Xuan and Huang refers to silk fabrics and linen fabrics.

Zhu: red. Yang: bright.

xiu San (yāo): If you are far-sighted, you will be firm. Naan, the name of the plant, is now polygala tenuifolia.

tiáo: cicada.

tuò: fallen leaves.

Yu Shi: Yan Shi held a sacrifice. "Zheng Jian": "If you are a dog, you will go to Bo Ji to take care of yourself." Hey, pass "only". The ceremony of the field hunters practicing martial arts is called the sacrificial ceremony or the sacrificial ceremony.

gather together, which means gathering people before hunting.

zu ? n: Go on. Martial arts: refers to field hunting.

zòng: It is said that small animals are owned by hunters. Raccoon, a one-year-old pig, is used here to represent smaller animals.

tapir (jiān): a three-year-old pig, representing a big beast. The big beast is dedicated to the public.

zhōng: Insect name, grasshopper, that is, grasshopper. Move the stock: the words make a sound. It's said that the owl sounds with two tangents.

shaji: the name of the insect, now the name of the weaver. Feather vibration: words drum wings and sound.

dome smothering: it is said to empty the corner full of indoor congestion, and it is convenient to smoke rats when it is empty. Dome, exhaust, clear; When it comes to gaps. Choke, jam.

direction: the window facing north. ? n: daub with mud. The door leaf of the poor family is made of firewood and bamboo, and it is not ventilated by mud.

yue: hanshu is quoted as "Yu". Change the year: the old year is coming to an end and the new year is coming.

Yu: the name of the plant, such as Tang Di. The tree is five or six feet high, and the fruit is like plums and red. Yan (yù): The name of the plant, with fruit as big as longan. When it comes to wild grapes.

shū: the general name of beans.

peel (pū): hit.

spring wine: winter wine is made in spring, which is called "spring wine". Jujube and rice are both raw materials for wine making.

introduction: pray. Eyebrow longevity: Longevity. People have long hair between their eyebrows, which is called Xiumei, so longevity is called Eyebrow Longevity.

pot: gourd.

uncle: yes. The seed of autumn hemp is edible.

salary (chū): it's a salary to choose the wood. Zun, Muming, Ailanthus altissima.

field: it is the threshing ground. Nursery: It's a vegetable garden. The place where the vegetable garden is made in spring and summer is made into a venue in autumn and winter, so the field garden is connected as one word.

na: put it in the barn. Jia: ancient reading is like "reason" Crops: a general term for cereals.

weight: that is, "planting", which means planting first and then ripening. Lù: that is, ù (lù). ù is the valley where the later species ripens first.

He: This refers to a kind of grain, that is, millet today.

Gonggong: refers to building a palace or indoor affairs. Merit, matter.

táo: play the rope. Rope, verb, refers to making rope. Rope.

urgent: urgent. Ride a house: build a house. Mao and rope are all things needed to build a house.

rush: the sound of cutting ice.

ling: refers to the gathered water. Yin: refers to the place where ice is stored.

fleas: take. When it comes to "morning", it is an ancient ancestor worship ceremony.

Sacrifice lamb to leek: Sacrifice ancestors with lamb and leek. "The Book of Rites and the Moon Order" says that the fourth day of mid-spring is mid-spring.

Su Shuang: It is still "Su Shuang" and looks cool in late autumn.

washing yard: cleaning the yard. As soon as it is said, it is "cleansing", and the vegetation is shaken.

Peng wine: two bottles of wine.

j: Deng. Court: or a public place, not necessarily the court of the monarch.

weigh: lift. 中中 (中): Jiao Jue. Ancient wine vessels made of animal horns.

ten thousand: big. Boundless: infinite. [2][3][4][5]

In July, the fire fell westward, and in September, women sewed cold clothes. The north wind blows hard in November and the cold in December. How can we spend the end of this year without good clothes and coarse clothes? In the first month, we began to hoe and plow, and in February, we went to farm. Tian Guan was very happy to go with his wife and children and send the rice to the sunny land.

In July, the fire fell to the west, and in September, women sewed cold clothes. In spring, the sunshine is warm, and the oriole sings tactfully. The girl walked along the path with a deep bamboo basket. Reaching out and picking tender mulberry leaves, the days of spring are getting longer. People come and go to collect Artemisia annua, and the girl is so sad that she is afraid to marry with the nobles.

In July, the fire fell to the west, and reeds should be cut in August. Trim mulberry branches in March and get a sharp axe. Cut off the tall and long branches and climb the thin branches to pick the tender mulberry. Shrike screamed in July and began to weave hemp in August. The dyed silk is black and yellow, and my red is brighter, which is dedicated to the nobles to make clothes.

in April, polygala tenuifolia planted seeds, and in May, cicadas cried. The harvest in the fields is busy in August, and the leaves on the trees fall in October. I went hunting in the mountains in November. I hunted fox fur and gave it to the nobles to make fur coats. Hunters meet in December and continue to practice hunting skills. Beat the little pig to yourself, and hunt the big pig to the maharaja.

In May, the grasshopper fluttered its legs, and in June, the weaver fluttered its wings. Crickets are in the fields in July and come under the eaves in August. Crickets enter the door in September and get under my bed in October. Block the rat hole and smoke the rat, and seal the door of the north window. Alas, my wife and children are so pitiful. At the end of the year, the New Year will come, and I will move into this house to settle down.

eat plums and grapes in June, and cook sunflower and beans in July. In August, we began to beat red dates, and in October, we went to the fields to harvest rice. The spring wine is delicious and fragrant, for the sake of the owner's longevity. You can eat melons in July and pick gourds in August. In September, we picked up pockmarked autumn seeds, picked bitter vegetables and cut firewood to feed the farmers.

the threshing floor will be built in September, and the crops will be put into storage in October. Millet, millet, early rice and late rice, millet, beans and wheat are all put into storage. Sighing that the farmer is really hard, the crops have just been cleaned up and the palace has been built for the official. I have to cut the thatch during the day and rub the rope at night. Go to the house and fix the house quickly. We have to plant hundreds of grains in the spring.

In December, I cut ice and moved into icehouse in the first month. At the beginning of February, Chinese chives and lambs were offered before ancestor worship. Frost began to fall in September when the cold came, and the threshing floor was cleaned in October. Two troughs of wine are for the guests, and the lambs are slaughtered for everyone to taste. Climb the master's temple, raise a glass * * * to respect the master, and shout in unison that life is endless. [5]

The theme of "Qi Feng July" and "Preface to Mao Shi" is considered to be "the reason why Chen Hou Ji and Xian Gong were corrupted, which made Wang Ye difficult"; Chen Huan's Biography of Poems by Mao Shi is considered as "The Duke of Zhou was influenced by the change of Guan Cai". Cui Shu's "Feng Gao Kao Xin Lu" thinks: "This poem should be an old poem written by the King before, which was described by the Duke of Zhou as a warning to become a king, but later generations mistakenly wrote it by the Duke of Zhou." Fang Yurun's Primitive Book of Songs also said: "The only article in the Book of Songs, July, is about farming, mulberry and crops. Those who are not personally involved in Longmu, who are longer than their Tao, can't be kind and tasteful. The duke of Zhou grew up in the world, ranking among the dead, so why bother? And male Liu Shiyuan, also difficult to speak. There must be a poem in ancient times. Since the beginning of the public, it is known that the crops are difficult, and Wang Ye started from the beginning, and the latter people thought it was public. " "History of Han Geography" says: "In the past, Hou Ji was appointed as a priest, Gong Liu was appointed as a priest, the king of Tai moved to Qi, the king of Wen was appointed as a priest, and the king of Wu ruled the pickaxe. His people had the legacy of the former king, and they were good at farming and doing their jobs. Therefore, the poem said that agriculture, mulberry and food were well prepared." Accordingly, this article is regarded as the early Western Zhou Dynasty, that is, the period when Gong Liu was in exile. At that time, the ancestors of Zhou Dynasty were still an agricultural tribe, and its author was regarded as a member of the tribe. [3][4][5]

Qi Feng July is the longest poem in The Book of Songs and National Style. This poem reflects the working life of the Zhou tribe all year round, involving all aspects of food, clothing, housing and transportation. Because its author is a member of the tribe, his tone is cool and accurate, and he shows the genre paintings of the society at that time from all sides, such as spring ploughing, autumn harvest, winter storage, mulberry picking, dyeing, sewing, hunting, building houses, brewing, labor and feasting.

The poem was written in July, and each picture was unfolded month by month in the order of farming activities. The weekly calendar is used in the poem. The first month of the week calendar is November of the summer calendar (now called lunar calendar), and July, August, September, October, April, May and June are the same as the summer calendar. The first day, the second day, the third day and the fourth day of the summer calendar are November, December, January and February. Pi Xirui's "General Theory of Confucian Classics" says: "All the people who say the moon in this poem are in the summer, and the days of saying one, two, three and four are in the week. Change its name without changing its reality." Dai Zhen's Textual Research on Mao Zheng's Poems also points out that although the week is changed to Zhou Zheng (with November of the lunar calendar as the beginning of the first month), folk farming still uses the summer calendar.

The first chapter summarizes the life of laborers all year round with a bird's-eye view, bringing readers into that miserable and hard time at once. At the same time, it also laid the foundation for the following chapters and prompted the general outline. Zhu Xi's Biography of Poetry says: "The first part of this chapter begins with words and clothing, and the second part begins with words and food. Chapter two to chapter five, the meaning of the previous paragraph. Six chapters to eight chapters, the meaning of the last paragraph. " This arrangement in structure is indeed quite rigorous. The so-called "the beginning of clothes" and "the beginning of food" actually refer to the two major issues of farming and weaving in agricultural society. These two items are the main thread running through the whole article. In the first chapter, it is said that in September, women "can't dress until Sang Ma is finished". After November, it entered the cold winter, and the farmers didn't even have a piece of coarse clothes. How could they spend the New Year's Eve? Therefore, they lamented "why they died". But as soon as spring came, they arranged farm tools and went to the fields to farm. His wife and children went to Tiantou to deliver meals. When Tian Guan saw that they were working very hard, his face lit up. Folk poets outlined a framework with thick lines, and the overall style of social life was presented to readers at that time. In the following chapters, it will be described in detail from all sides and parts.

The mood in the second and third chapters of the poem is getting higher and higher, and the tone is getting brighter. The bright spring light shines on the fields, and the warblers chirp. Women carrying baskets go together to pick mulberry along the field path. Their labor seems to be very pleasant, but there is a hidden worry in their hearts: "The female heart is sad, and it is almost the same as the son." The first chapter, "Tian Suo is very happy", is only light.