First of all, what is a chameleon?
The chameleon originated in Africa and is a cold-blooded animal whose main food is insects. The chameleon is a fickle arboreal reptile. He is essentially a "master of disguise". In order to avoid the invasion of natural enemies and get close to prey, this reptile often inadvertently changes its body color and then puts itself in the surrounding environment. They are lizards that live in trees. Most of them are only 20 cm to 30 cm long, and the largest chameleon is no more than 60 cm long. The chameleon climbs very slowly. Often take the first step today and continue to take the second step the next day. Interestingly, the slow chameleon actually feeds on jumping insects.
Second, the reason why the chameleon changes color
The chameleon can change color because there are seven kinds of color-changing cells in its skin tissue. In this way, it can change its color and disguise itself with the change of environment and environmental factors such as light intensity and temperature, so as to capture food more safely and easily. Chameleons change the color of their bodies, which is a way to protect themselves. In case of danger, it will become the same color as the surrounding trees, grass, bark and so on. It is difficult for the enemy to find himself. According to the latest findings of animal experts, chameleons change their body color not only for camouflage, but also for changing their body color. Another important function is to realize the information transmission between chameleons, which is convenient for communication with peers, equivalent to human language, thus expressing the intention of chameleons.
Therefore, in order to show his dominant position in the territory, the male chameleon showed bright colors in the face of similar demonstrations invading the territory. When it meets a suitor it doesn't like, the female chameleon will refuse, and then her body will turn dark and show flashing red spots. In addition, when the chameleon wants to provoke disputes and attacks, the body color will become very black.
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Why do chameleons change color? What is the reason?
The reason why the chameleon changes color: the chameleon's skin color will change with the background, temperature and mood; Male chameleons will turn dark protective colors into bright colors, warning other chameleons to leave their territory; Some chameleons will turn quiet green into red to intimidate the enemy. Color change principle: 1. One theory holds that it is done by the expansion or contraction of pigment cells in the skin under the control of the autonomic nervous system. 2. Another way of saying it is that the chameleon does not change color by pigment cells, but changes the refraction of light by adjusting the nanocrystals on the skin surface. Animal anecdotes German and American scientists discovered four new chameleons in Madagascar 20 12 years ago. Their adult trunk is only the size of a fingernail, which may be the smallest chameleon in the world so far. These chameleons are found in the tropical rain forest of Hala Island in northeastern Madagascar. They all belong to the genus dwarf leaf chameleon. If the tail is straight, the total length from the tip of the nose to the tail is 29 mm. They only move among the dead leaves and look very similar. The researchers confirmed that they belong to four different species through genetic analysis. However, what is "not worthy of the name" is that these chameleons are brown and do not change color, but this color has formed an "excellent camouflage" for them.
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How many colors can a chameleon change?
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How does a chameleon protect itself?
Chameleons are good at changing the color of their bodies to protect themselves as the environment changes. Discoloration is not only good for hiding oneself, but also good for catching prey. The physiological change of color change is that the pigment cells in the skin expand or contract under the control of the autonomic nervous system. Another view is that the chameleon does not change color by pigment cells, but changes the refraction of light by adjusting the nanocrystals on the skin surface. Living habits The chameleon moves very slowly, and people use laziness as a metaphor for its carelessness. The chameleon is a reptile, mainly inhabiting trees, and rarely visits land except spawning and courtship. Occasionally, when crawling on land, the paws touch the ground and the front and rear feet are spread apart. Obviously, a chameleon that can effectively adapt to the gait of crawling in trees and grass can not only hide itself on land, but also attract people's attention. Even when the chameleon runs away in panic, the speed does not exceed 6 meters per minute. The chameleon is stunted. Changing color, moving eyes and sticking out tongue are three sets of unique skills that it often performs. The chameleon has two barnacle-shaped eyes, and the left and right eyeballs will rotate 360 respectively. When its left eye is aimed at the front, its right eye is staring at the back, looking around and moving its eyes freely. A chameleon's tongue is very long, and it usually winds around its mouth like a clockwork. When it finds its prey, it will suddenly straighten its long tongue, shoot it out of its mouth, and hunt with its tongue, such as probing for something. The chameleon's best skill is color change. The basic color of its skin is green, but it can turn into dark green, light green, purple, blue, brown and so on. It can even be changed into various "fancy" pattern colors at any time. The color change of chameleon is similar to the protective color and warning color of other creatures. The color of the chameleon will change with the background, temperature and mood. Male chameleons will turn dark protective colors into bright colors, warning other chameleons to leave their territory; Some chameleons will turn quiet green into red to intimidate the enemy. The purpose is to protect yourself from attack and let yourself live. Discoloration can avoid natural enemies and express feelings, similar to human language. The chameleon is a "fickle" arboreal reptile, and it deserves to be called the "master of camouflage" in nature. In order to avoid the invasion of natural enemies and get close to prey, this reptile often changes its body color inadvertently, and then quietly blends into the surrounding environment. According to an article in National Geographic magazine, according to the latest findings of animal experts, chameleons change their body color not only for camouflage, but also for information transmission between chameleons, which is equivalent to human language, thus expressing the chameleon's intention. Laxworth found that the information transmission and expression between chameleons was accomplished by changing their body colors. They often show different colors when defending their own territory and rejecting courtiers. He said, "In order to show his dominance over the territory, the male chameleon showed bright colors in response to similar demonstrations that violated the territory; When a female chameleon meets a suitor she doesn't like, she will refuse, and then her body color will darken and flashing red spots will appear. In addition, when the chameleon intends to provoke a dispute and launch an attack, the body color will become very dark. "