Introduction: ?
Football, known as "the world's first sport", is the most influential single sport in the global sports world. A standard football match consists of two teams each sending 10 players and 1 goalkeeper, with 11 players competing and attacking on a rectangular grass pitch. The purpose of the game is to try to shoot the football into the opponent's goal. Each goal scored will get one point. When the game is over, the team with the most points wins. If the scores are the same within the stipulated time of the game, it must be determined by the rules of the game. The score can be determined by drawing lots, overtime rematch, or penalty kicks (twelve steps). In football matches, except that the goalkeeper can use his hands to touch the football in his own penalty area, each player on the field can only use other parts of the body other than his hands to control the football (except for throw-in kicks).
Development History
? ①Ancient Football
?Cuju in the Han Dynasty was a means of training soldiers, and a relatively complete system was established. If a court is specially set up, it is rectangular in the east-west direction, with six symmetrical "Ju areas" also called "Ju rooms" at each end, each guarded by one person. The site is surrounded by a fence. The game is divided into two teams, with each other's offense and defense, and the outcome is determined by the number of kicks into the opponent's room.
After the initial popularity in the Han Dynasty, Cuju activities reached a climax in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and even the division of labor according to the position on the field appeared. There were many ways to play Cuju in the Tang Dynasty, including "Daju" where the number of times the ball was scored in the game, "Baiju" where a net was hung in the middle of the field, similar to net football, "Yueju" where multiple people participated in the fight, and In this game, each team has a certain number of players and a fixed position. It is stipulated that the players can only play in their own positions and cannot move. At the same time, Cuju and Buddhism were spread to Japan. The usage of football as "Cuqiu" can still be seen in Japanese and Korean, which is influenced by China.
"Old Martial Arts" of the Southern Song Dynasty once listed the rosters and positions of the two teams during the "Thirty-two Players in Building Balls" competition: "The left army has 16 players: Zhang Jun, the ball leader, and Wang Lian, the slinger player. , Zhu Xuan is holding the head, Shi Ze is holding the head, Ding Quan is holding the left pole net, Zhang Lin is the right pole net, Hu Chun is scattered, etc.; the right army has 16 people: Li Zheng, the ball head, Zhu Zhen, the loft ball, Zhu Xuan is holding the ball , deputy commander Zhang Ning, Zuo Ganwang Xu Bin, Yougan Wang Wang Yong, Sanli Chen Jun, etc." This is considered the first football "starting list" in history.
From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Cuju experienced a process of development and climax. However, by the Qing Dynasty, this activity entered a decline. It is said that the Greeks and Romans played a football game before the Middle Ages. They put the ball on the white line in the middle on a rectangular field, and kicked the ball to the opponent's field with their feet. This game was called "Habastom" at the time.
? ②Modern Football
?The origin of modern football is in the United Kingdom. Legend has it that in the 11th century, there was a war between England and Denmark. After the war, the British found the skull of a Danish invader while cleaning up the ruins of the war. Out of resentment, they kicked the skull with their feet. A group of children They also kicked it when they saw it, but they found that the skull hurt their feet when they kicked it, so they replaced it with cow bladder blowing - this is the birth of modern football.
At the beginning of the 12th century, football games began to be played in England. The competition is a recreational event held twice a year, usually between two cities. The host throws the ball into the air and the game begins. The two sides will rush forward, yelling, kicking and hugging. Whichever side can kick the ball into the other side's downtown will be the winner. If the ball enters a residential house on the way, the athletes will rush in and kick it around, often smashing things in the house to pieces, and the homeowner will have to lament his own misfortune. Pedestrians on the road will suffer a sudden disaster if they encounter a rolling ball. Therefore, at that time, when the football game came, people had to avoid disasters and close their homes until the game was over before returning to normal. Such football matches were strongly opposed by the public, and the British government issued a ban: football matches must be played on open spaces, and those who entered the downtown area were severely punished, so special football fields appeared. By the early 19th century, football had become quite popular in some countries in Europe and Latin America, especially in capitalist Britain.
In 1848, the first written rules of football, the Cambridge Rules, were born.
The so-called "Cambridge Rules" are some rules formulated during competitions between Oxford and Cambridge in London, England, in the early 19th century. At that time, there were 11 people in each team competing. Because there were ten students and one teacher living in each dormitory in the school at that time, they played dormitory-to-dormitory competitions with 11 people per side. The current 11-a-side football game started from that time.
In 1862, the world's first football club was established in Nottinghamshire, England. The first football association (the Football Association) was established in the UK and unified football rules. People call this day the birth day of modern football. There are 14 football rules formulated this time, which are the basis of today's football rules. Starting from the 2nd Olympic Games in 1900, football was listed as an official Olympic event, but it did not allow professional athletes to participate. On May 21, 1904, FIFA was established in Paris. In 1904, the football associations of seven countries, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland, established the International Football Federation in France. Since 1930, the World Football Championship (also known as the World Cup) has been held every four years, and restrictions on professional athletes have been lifted.
In 1989, FIFA began to officially bring futsal into its management scope and became its governing body.