Problem description:
Form a short article ...
200 words! ! !
Analysis:
The political reform succeeded, but Shang Yang failed personally.
Shang Yang's Reform: It is precisely because of its role that the history of the Qin Dynasty became so brilliant.
Shang Yang's political reform was a series of reforms carried out by Shang Yang, a famous politician in the Warring States Period, in order to safeguard the interests of the rulers of Qin State.
Measures.
In the early Warring States period, the nobles monopolized the political power, and the economy, politics and military were relatively backward, and the monarch had less power.
The national strength is weak, and the territory is often occupied by other countries.
36 1 year ago, when Qin Xiaogong ascended the throne, the young monarch was determined to change the backward state of Qin, so he carried out political reform.
A powerful imperial edict of seeking the virtuous. At this time, Shang Yang came to Qin from Wei.
Shang Yang (about 390-338 BC) was born into a noble family. As a descendant of Wei, he once took Wei as his surname.
It's called Weiyang. According to the custom at that time, the son of the monarch took "Gongsun" as his surname, so he was also called Gongsun Yang. business
The name Martingale came to him when the State of Qin was called Shang Jun.
After Shang Yang arrived in Qin State, he preached "the skill of strengthening the country" and was determined to help Qin Xiaogong carry out social reform, so he got Qin Xiao.
The trust of the public, appointed him as aunt Zuo. In 359 BC and 350 BC, Qin announced twice under the auspices of Shang Yang.
The main contents of this new law are:
(1) Abolish the Shi Qing Shilu system of the slave owners and nobles, abolish the imperial clan privilege, and redefine it according to the size of the military exploits.
The rank and treatment of official titles. Junior soldiers who heroically killed the enemy in the war can also get official titles, escape from the enemy and surrender.
The enemy will be severely punished. Anyone who fights privately should be punished according to the seriousness of the case.
(2) Abolish slavery in mining fields, and legally recognize private ownership of land and trading system. Encourage men to plow and women to weave. Where are they?
It works well, producing food and weaving is more free from corvee and tax.
(3) Implementing the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining business. Those who abandon agriculture for business or become poor because of laziness are punished as official slaves with their families.
Maid.
(4) Strengthen centralization and generally implement the county system. There are 3 1 counties in China, and officials are directly appointed and removed by the central government; the same
When compiling the household registration, the method of sitting together is implemented, and it is stipulated that five households are one household and ten households are one household, and each household pickets and reports.
"Traitors", if there are bad people who don't report it, they will sit together.
(5) unified measurement is formulated and promulgated by the central government. For example, "Shang Yang Fang Sheng" was used as the standard measure at that time.
Conducive to taxation and economic exchanges.
Shang Yang's new law directly attacked the old forces of slavery and consolidated the emerging landlord class regime, which was bound to be conservative.
The hatred and stubborn resistance of the troops. Therefore, from beginning to end, the political reform was carried out in a fierce struggle.
At first, the old forces represented by Gan Long and Du Zhi openly opposed the political reform. Advocating that "there is no law in the past, and there is no evil in etiquette",
Say what "teaching people according to the original old customs can be done as easily as blowing off dust;" Governing the country according to the old system, officials
I'm familiar with it and I'm stable. Shang Yang retorted, "Institutions and laws should be formulated according to the objective environment at that time.
There has never been a unified way to govern the country, just for the convenience of the country, not necessarily to imitate the ancient times. Shang Tang and Wu Zhou,
King without antique; Xia Jie and Yinzhou perished without changing the old system. It can be seen that anti-antiquity is not necessarily.
Wrong, the gift is not necessarily right. "Finally, Qin Xiaogong said he fully agreed with Shang Yang.
Shang Yang has made a new law, which will be published soon. But how can we convince the people? After some consideration, he let
His men erected a 30-foot-long wooden pole at the south gate of the capital and offered a reward of 10 gold to anyone who could move it to the north gate.
It makes people feel strange and dare not move. But he continued to offer rewards, saying, "Whoever can move will be given fifty gold." there is a
When someone moved the wooden pole to the north gate, Shang Yang immediately rewarded fifty gold as his token. Then, the new law was published.
At this time, the struggle between the old and new forces in the imperial court became more intense. At that time, some people said how inconvenient the new law was to implement.
Thousands. The prince's teachers, childe Qian and Gongsunjia, instigated the prince to break the new law behind the scenes. They tried to break it in this way.
Bad reform. Shang Yang said: "The prince broke the law because the teacher didn't educate well and should be punished." So he ordered him to be taken away
One of them had his nose cut off and the other had a tattoo on his face. No one dares to talk about the new law any more. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the new law
Well, Shang Yang also killed Huan Zhu, a nobleman, and put more than 700 criminals who violated the law and discipline on the Wei River to suppress them.
After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin took on a new look. In terms of land ownership, the well field system was basically abolished.
Feudal landlord ownership, landlord land ownership based on private ownership; Basically abolished politically.
The enfeoffment system established the county system. Qin jumped from a backward country to a powerful country, which is "stronger than military reform and afraid of princes".
There has been a situation that "the family gives people enough, the people are brave in public war, and they are not afraid of private struggle, and the villages and cities govern".
In 338 BC, Qin Xiaogong died and Huiwen Wang succeeded to the throne. The old nobles immediately counterattacked Shang Yang, Gong.
Zi Qian and others forced Shang Yang to arrest on charges of "rebellion" and put him to death by torture of "car splitting".
Although Shang Yang died, King Hui of Qin and his successors continued to implement Shang Yang's new law, so the State of Qin was able to.
Further development laid the foundation for Qin Shihuang to destroy the six countries and unify China.