Do you know what medicinal materials are distributed in Guangxi? So what about the cultivation of medicinal materials in Guangxi? Let me show you the plants grown. For learning reference only.

Cultivation of medicinal materials in Guangxi

The main types of Chinese herbal medicine grown in Guangxi:

1. Northeast Guangxi

Luo Han Guo, Magnolia officinalis, Phellodendron cypress, and Ginkgo biloba , Diaozhu, Clematis, Baiqian, Bu Chulin, red root grass, yew, etc.

2. Guidong: pollen, kudzu root, yam, poria, pinellia, cinnamon, herb, sweet tea, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, bergamot, citron, vitex, etc.

3. Guizhong

Mountain gardenia, water gardenia, mountain silver flower, mountain green tea, star anise, Desmodium desmodium, green dayflower, mountain beanroot, ground maple bark, etc. .

4. Northwestern Guangxi

Dafeng mugwort, dendrobium, coix, Guizhong, Caoguo, Evodia, Chuanmenzi, Polygonatum, gentian, Tongcao, Shandu root, wood Butterfly etc.

5 Guidong

Cinnamon, star anise, Morinda officinalis, amomum villosum, benzoin, chicken bone grass, puzzle, galangal, cardamom, zedoary, turmeric, turmeric, Pearls, seahorses, gallbladders, etc.

6. Southwest Guangxi

Panax notoginseng, dragon blood root, star anise, grass fruit, amomum villosum, wood butterfly, kapok, Qianqianjian, mountain bean root, maple bark, Kudingcha, Polygonatum japonica, Daguo hawthorn, Gecko, etc. Morphological characteristics of Luo Han Guo

External shape

Climbing herb; roots are perennial, hypertrophied, spindle-shaped or nearly spherical; stems and branches are slightly thick, with ridges and grooves, and are initially covered with yellowish-brown pubescence. and black verrucous glandular scales, and the back hair gradually falls off and becomes nearly hairless. The petiole is 3-10 cm long, covered with the same indumentum and glandular scales as the branches; the leaves are membranous, ovate-heart-shaped, triangular-ovate or broadly ovate-heart-shaped, 12-23 cm long and 5-17 cm wide. The apex is acuminate or long acuminate, the base is heart-shaped, semicircular or nearly round, 2-3 cm deep, 3-4 cm wide, with wavy edges, small teeth due to the protruding veinlets, and cilia. , the leaf surface is green, covered with sparse pubescence and black verrucous glandular scales, the old hairs gradually fall off and become nearly hairless, the back of the leaf is light green, covered with short pubescence and mixed with black verrucous glandular scales; the tendrils are slightly thicker and short at first. After pubescence, it gradually becomes nearly hairless, with 2 bifurcated hairs, convoluted up and down at the bifurcation point.

Dioecious. The male inflorescence is raceme-shaped, with 6-10 flowers on the upper part of the inflorescence axis. The inflorescence axis is 7-13 cm long, covered with pubescence and black verrucous glandular scales like the pedicel and calyx; the pedicel is slightly thinner, 5-15 mm long; the calyx The tube is bell-shaped in width, 4-5 mm long, and the upper part is 8 mm in diameter. The throat often has 3 oblong membranous scales about 3 mm long. The calyx has 5 lobes, triangular, about 4.5 mm long, and the base is 3 mm wide. , apex subulate, tail tip, with 3 veins, slightly raised veins; corolla yellow, covered with black glands, 5 lobes, oblong, 1-1.5 cm long, 7-8 mm wide, apex sharp, often with 5 veins ; 5 stamens, inserted near the base of the tube, with two bases close together, and one stamen separated. The base of the filament is enlarged, pubescent, about 4 mm long, and the anthers have 1 chamber, about 3 mm long, and the anther chamber is S-shaped. song. Female flowers are solitary or 2-5 are gathered at the top of a 6-8 cm long common stem, which is thick and strong; the calyx and corolla are larger than the male flowers; 5 staminodes, 2-2.5 mm long, united at the base in pairs, 1 Free; ovary oblong, 10-12 mm long, 5-6 mm in diameter, base obtuse, apex slightly constricted, densely covered with yellowish-brown hairs, style short and thick, 2.5 mm long, stigma 3, enlarged, sickle-shaped 2 lobes, 1.5 mm long.

The fruit is spherical or oblong, 6-11 cm long and 4-8 cm in diameter. It is initially densely covered with yellowish-brown hairs and mixed with black glandular scales. It gradually falls off when old and only remains on the fruit stem. A circle of hairs, the peel is thin, and it becomes brittle after drying. There are many seeds, light yellow, nearly round or broad ovate, flattened, 15-18 mm long, 10-12 mm wide, with a blunt base, a slightly narrowed top, a slight depression in the center of both sides, and radial grooves around it. There is a microwave-shaped eaves on the edge. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from July to September.

Internal structure

Fruit pulp (mesocarp and endocarp) is spongy and light brown. The seeds are oblate and numerous, about 1.5cm long and 1.2cm wide; light red to brownish red, slightly sunken in the middle on both sides, with radial grooves around and grooves on the edges.

The smell is slight and the taste is sweet. If left for a long time, there will be powder, which is the formation of fructose crystals. [5]

Peel transverse section: The exocarp is a row of flat small epidermal cells. The outer pericarp is a row of flat small epidermal cells. The outer layer is cuticle, 4-12?m thick, and the stomata are slightly outward. Processes; multicellular non-glandular trichomes or basal residues are sometimes seen. On the outside of the mesocarp are 4-6 rows of round or tangentially elongated fine parenchyma cells; on the inside are 6-9 rows of stone cell layers, and the cells are round, oblong, quasi-square or irregular polygonal. Close to the inner side of the stone cell layer, there are several rows of large irregular polygonal cells with slightly thick walls and wall holes. There are several rows of seven-walled cells inside that are often shriveled or collapsed; the vascular bundles are double-tough, often sparsely distributed and connected internally and externally. The endocarp is a row of flat, floor-to-ceiling cells.

Transverse section of the seed: The epidermis is located in the upper and lower parts of the flat direction of the seed. It is a row of shed-shaped cells, 205-280?m long and 12-30?m wide. The epidermal cells on the left and right sides are mucinous. Inside are several layers of tangentially extending parenchyma. Under the palisade cells are several layers of thick-walled fibers and large stone cell layers, arranged in a ring near the kernel. The inner epidermis is a row of flat cells. Endosperm cells in 1-2 columns. Cotyledon cells contain fatty oil droplets. Cultivation technology of Luo Han Guo

Cane pressing propagation

1. Cane pressing time: determined according to local climatic conditions. Generally, the average temperature in ten days is 25-28℃, that is, from the white dew to the autumnal equinox, it is suitable.

2. Selection and cultivation of vine pressing materials: Choose leggy vines that hang down on the scaffolding, and have vigorous, strong growth, long internodes, small leaves, rounded tips, and light green branches and vines. Only materials planted with vines have a high survival rate, fast root growth and many fibrous roots. The vine pressing material can also adopt directional cultivation method. That is, from the side vines that sprout at the base of the early stems, select a strong one and let it climb the ground to grow to 80 to 100 centimeters. Then, perform topping to promote the extraction of 3 to 4 side vines and cultivate them as vine pressing materials. For excellent plants with many fruits and no leggy vines, vine-pressing propagation cannot be carried out that year. In the early spring of the following year, part of the vines should be lowered to climb the ground to encourage the vines to grow and thicken, forming a good vine-pressing material. In order to speed up reproduction, the tubers planted in the current year can be kept away from the vines and allowed to climb on the ground. The tubers can be harvested in time to promote the growth of side vines and cultivate vine pressing materials.

3. Method of pressing canes:

1. Pressing canes on the spot: that is, digging a hole in the nearest place where the cane pressing materials are used to press canes. Determine the width of the pit according to the amount of vine pressing material. Generally, use one or 3 to 4 vines to dig a pit 25 cm long, 10 to 20 cm wide and 10 cm deep in the border. Introduce the vines into the pit and place the top of the vines. Go to 2/3 of the pit, space each vine 3 to 4 centimeters apart, and then lightly cover with fine soil 3 to 4 centimeters above the border, cover with straw, sprinkle water, keep the soil moist, and promote new root growth. The stems and tubers swell.

The tubers can be harvested after 50 to 60 days from the white dew to the autumnal equinox. Cut the vines close to the ground and pull out the soil to remove the tubers. Remove the diseased seedlings and classify them according to large, medium and small, and put them in wooden boxes for sand storage or choose a dry place for sand storage (the moisture content of the sand is 5 to 6% to maintain appropriate humidity) to prevent frost and wait for use.

2. Air-pressed vines: Air-pressed vines are also called soil-free vines, which use moss as the culture medium. Take a piece of plastic film 20 cm long and 25 cm wide, spread moss 3 cm thick on it, place the tip of the selected vine pressing material on 2/3 of the moss, then roll the vine into a tube shape, with both ends Wrap the rope and place it in a cool place on the scaffolding, away from direct sunlight. After 50 to 60 days, around the beginning of winter, cut off the base of the tuber, and take the wrapped tuber back indoors for storage over the winter. [11]

Grafting propagation

Grafting propagation can maintain the characteristics of the female parent and has early fruiting, which is beneficial to replacing improved varieties, transforming low-yield gardens, propagating male and female plants in a planned way and arranging flowering period encounters. The parent varieties are used to improve the quality and yield of Luo Han Guo.

1. Cultivation of rootstocks:

Select highly adaptable green-skinned fruit, tea mountain fruit, and red-haired fruit varieties, and cultivate rootstocks by vine propagation or seedling propagation. By cultivating rootstocks through vine propagation, the tubers grow quickly and can bear fruit early after grafting; while the method of propagating rootstocks through seedlings has the characteristics of strong plants, well-developed root systems, and high reproduction coefficients, and can be used for large-area grafting; biennial rootstock grafting can be used in the same year result.

2. Selection of scions:

Select the middle part of the vines with large leaves, short internodes, thick stems, no diseases and insect pests, and semi-lignified vines as scions from fine varieties. Cut off the 3 to 4 nodes at the top of the vine that are too tender. Take the 8 to 10 nodes from the middle of the vine with full buds on each tip, and cut off 2/3 of the leaves. Insert them into a bucket or wrap them in a moist towel for later use.

3. Grafting time:

In order to make the grafted seedlings bloom and bear fruit in the same year and form strong main vines before overwintering, so as to survive the winter safely, it is better to graft in the first half of the year. . Tests have proven that the grafting survival rate of Luo Han Guo is the highest in early June when growth is strongest. It should be carried out on a windless, warm, sunny or cloudy day. It should not be carried out on a high temperature, dry, rainy or hot day at noon.

4. Grafting method: