Part of speech:
Verbs, nouns and adjectives are difficult to distinguish. If it is not clear at a glance, you can use the following methods:
First, use "one (quantifier)" (such as one, one, etc. ) to associate with this word. If meaningful, it is generally considered a noun; Judging by "hen" is meaningless, that is, linking "hen" with a word, which is meaningful, usually an adjective; It doesn't make sense. It's just a verb. What we have learned now may be different in the future. Others are obvious, such as personal pronouns, numerals, modal verbs and so on.
1, verb
The verbs mentioned here refer to all kinds of verbs, including behavioral verbs (that is, verbs we usually say), be verbs and modal verbs.
(1) action verb
It is a verb that we usually say in class, indicating some kind of action or behavior. Such as sweeping, live broadcast, etc.
We have learned four forms of action verbs:
Prototype, +s/es, +ed, +ing, the specific judgment method is as follows:
Yes, just a supplement.
Read sentences → read words → know words → understand meaning → see if there are be verbs (if you plan to use prototypes).
No, look at modal verbs again.
If there is, use the prototype.
Yes, just add ed
No, let's see if there are any adverbials indicating the past time. If it is a third person singular, add s or es.
No, look at the theme again.
Replace the third person singular with prototype.
(2) Being a verb
A, Am-am-was Is-was Are-were formula: I use am, you use Are, Is is used for other things, and all plural numbers use are.
I (am not) from London. He is (not) a teacher. She is (not) in the restaurant. My hair is (not) long. Her eyes are (not) small.
C. General Question: Am I from China? Yes, you are. No, you're not. Are they Americans? Yes, they are. No, they're not. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it's not.
The verbs we learn now can be roughly divided into two categories: is, am and are, which are generally used in the simple present tense, the present continuous tense and the simple future tense, while was and were are the other two categories, which are generally used in the simple past tense.
Judgment steps: ↗ The first and third person are singular, and only was is used.
Yes, and look at this man.
The second person is singular and both are plural, so we use were.
See if there is an adverbial of past time.
In the first person singular, use am
No, see person → third person singular, and there is.
When the second person is singular and both are plural, use are.
(3) Modal verbs
Modal verbs are also a special kind of verbs, which we don't usually call verbs. Modal verbs can appear in the same sentence as behavioral verbs.
The modal verbs we are learning now are: can, must, should, would, may. The most contact is energy.
2. Nouns
There are concrete and abstract ways to express things. The key word of judgment is often the be verb. If the be verb is am, is or was, the noun will be the prototype. If the verb be is are or was, add s or es before the noun.
There are two points to emphasize here: countless words are singular by default, so always use is or was；; It is best not to use some, any, many words to judge, so as not to be misled.
How to add a suffix:
A. In general, directly add -s, such as book-book, schoolbag, cat-cat, bed-bed.
B. it ends in s.x.sh. Ch and add -es, such as: bus, box, brush, watch.
C ends with "consonant +y", change y to I, and then add -es, such as: family-families, strawberry-.
D ends with "f or fe", change f or fe to V, and then add -es, such as knife-knifes.
E irregular plural nouns: man-man, woman-woman, policeman-policeman, policeman-woman, mouse-mouse-child foot-foot. Tooth-tooth fish-fish, man-man, China-China, Japan-Japan.
Judgment steps:
↗ If am, is or was→ prototype
Read sentences → read words → know words → understand meaning → look at be verbs.
↘ If it is are or was→ add s or es.
3. Adjectives (including adverbs)
Adjectives indicate the characteristics of things and adverbs indicate the characteristics of actions.
Adjectives and adverbs have only two forms: prototype and +er.
Use the prototype without comparison, and use +er when comparing.
Two important characteristics: as ... As must be in the middle of the prototype, and when there is than, it must be +er.
4. Personal pronouns and possessive pronouns
Personal pronoun possessive pronoun
singular or plural
Nominative nominative nominative adjective (short) nominal (long) adjective (short) nominal (long)
The first person calls me me, me, us, us, my, my, our.
The second person calls you you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you.
The third person, he, he, he, they, they, he, he, they, they.
She, she, she, she.
It it it it it it it.
Personal pronouns:
There are nominative and objective cases.
Generally, the nominative case is used before the verb and the accusative case is used after the verb.
Owner pronoun:
There are two types: adjective possessive pronouns (short) and noun possessive pronouns (long)
Generally, look for nouns at the back. If there is, use the adjective subject pronoun (short); If not, use a noun subject pronoun (long).
5. Quantifiers
We learned two kinds: cardinal words and ordinal numbers. Cardinality is used to indicate quantity, and cardinal words are used to indicate order, which often appear in dates.
6. Articles
Yes, and. A and an have specific meanings, and one (a …) and the have no specific meanings, sometimes translated into this and that. We can decide whether to use a, an or the according to the meaning of Chinese. The difference between A and an: an is used before vowel phoneme (usually vowel letter aeiou), and A is used before consonant phoneme.
Second, negative sentences:
Express a negative meaning. There must be nothing in this sentence.
There are three possibilities: be verb (am, is, are, was, were)+not, modal verb (can, must, should)+ not, auxiliary verb (do, does, did)+not.
How to turn positive statements into negative statements;
1. See if there is a be verb in the sentence. If there is, add +not directly after the be verb.
2. See if there are modal verbs in the sentence. If there is, add +not directly after the modal verb.
If none of the above, use the auxiliary verb +not. There are four steps:
(1) Affirmative sentences have no auxiliary verbs, so they should be added after the subject (someone or something) and before the verb.
(2) Judge whether to use do, does or did as auxiliary verbs. Judging from the verbs in the sentence, do is an auxiliary verb in the prototype, did is an auxiliary verb in the third person singular, and did is an auxiliary verb in the past tense.
(3) Add not after the auxiliary verb.
(4) If the original verb changes, it should be restored to its original form.
It should be emphasized that people who have something should consider whether to use it or not.
Third, general interrogative sentences.
To express doubt, there are only two possible answers: yes, … or no. There are no interrogative words in this sentence.
How to turn positive statements into negative statements;
1, see if there is a be verb in the sentence. If there is, put the be verb at the beginning of the sentence.
2. See if there are modal verbs in the sentence. If so, mention modal verbs at the beginning of the sentence.
If there are neither of the above, you should put help at the beginning of the sentence. There are four steps:
(1) Affirmative sentences have no auxiliary verbs, so they should be added after the subject (someone or something) and before the verb.
(2) Judge whether to use do, does or did as auxiliary verbs. Judging from the verbs in the sentence, do is an auxiliary verb in the prototype, did is an auxiliary verb in the third person singular, and did is an auxiliary verb in the past tense.
(3) Put the auxiliary verb at the beginning of the sentence.
(4) If the original verb changes, it should be restored to its original form.
It should be emphasized that people who have something should consider whether to use it or not.
Fourth, special problems.
There are many possibilities for expressing doubts, interrogative words (at the beginning) and answers.
Commonly used interrogative words:
What, when, which, who, whose, why and how?
How to ask questions about the underlined part:
1. Translate the original question into Chinese (read the underlined part again).
His birthday is May 5th.
His birthday is May 5th.
2. Ask questions in Chinese.
As mentioned above, you should ask: When is his birthday?
3. Complete the sentences to be asked according to Chinese.
When is his birthday?
imperative sentence
Ask or order others to do something or not to do something.
Positive imperative sentences must start with the prototype of the verb (sometimes please), and negative imperative sentences must start with don't plus the prototype of the verb (sometimes please).
To turn an imperative sentence into a negative sentence, just add don't before the verb.
Sixth, tense
1, simple present tense
In a sentence (1), there can be only one and only one be verb. For example:
The children were very happy on Christmas day.
She often does housework on weekends.
(2) It is a verb in the simple present tense:
Universal prototype: am is are
Am is used in the first person singular (I); Is is used in the third person singular (he she it) and other names or titles, such as Ben his sister, etc. ); Are is used in the second person singular (you) and all plural (including the first person plural we and the second person plural you; The third person plural them and other plural, such as children, his parents, etc. ).
(3) Verbs in the simple past tense:
There are two situations:
The first case: the subject is the third person singular (he she it and others, such as Helen and her cousin), and the verb is usually followed by S or es.
The second case: the subject in the third person is not singular, and the verbs are all prototype.
(4) the basis for judging the simple present tense (how to judge whether a sentence is the simple present tense):
△be verbs are am, is and are.
△ verbs are prototype or add s and es.
△ There is no adverbial of time or there are usually, often, every day, sometimes, etc. This is not a specific time.
(5) Useful foundation:
Be verb is the prototype of is, am ←→ noun (including singular and uncountable nouns here).
Be verb is are ←→ noun plus s or es.
The verb plus s or es ←→ the third person subject is singular.
Verb prototype-the subject is not singular in the third person.
(6) Modal verbs:
The modal verbs we are learning now are: can, must, should and would.
After modal verbs, verbs always use prototypes. (Not affected by any other conditions)
2. Simple past tense
In a sentence (1), there can be only one and only one be verb. For example:
The girls were on the grass just now.
They visited my parents last weekend.
(2) Use the simple past tense as a verb:
Generally use the past tense: was were.
Was is used in the first person singular (I) and the third person singular (he she it) and other names or titles, such as Ben and his sister. ); We use the second person singular (you) and all plural (including the first person plural we and the second person plural you; The third person plural them and other plural, such as children, his parents, etc. ).
(3) Verbs in the simple past tense:
Generally, there is only one situation: +ed
What I want to emphasize here is that, unlike the general present tense, no matter who the subject is, whether it is singular or plural, ed should be added here.
(4) the basis for judging the simple past tense (how to judge whether a sentence is simple past tense):
△be verbs are was and was.
△ verb plus ed
There is an adverbial of past time.
The adverbials I have learned now that are often used to express the past time are:
Just yesterday, a while ago, last week, last night, last weekend, last month, three days ago and two weeks ago.
five years ago
(5) Useful foundation:
Be verbs are was or were. This sentence is a simple past tense.
Verb plus ed has past tense adverbial.
3. General future tense
(1) composition:
Be going to+ verb prototype.
What I want to emphasize here is that the verb be, going, to and the verb prototype * * *, without any of these four words, can't form the general future tense.
(2) The simple future tense indicates that an action is about to happen or someone will do something.
(3) Useful foundation:
In a sentence, there are not only be verbs, but also going, to and verbs. The verb is the prototype and the sentence is the present continuous tense.
(4) Words like tomorrow, soon and next week often appear in sentences.
4. Present continuous tense
(1) composition:
Be verb +ing verb form
It should be emphasized here that neither of them can constitute the present continuous tense.
(2) The present continuous tense indicates that the action is going on or something is happening.
(3) Useful foundation:
There are both be verbs and verbs in a sentence, and the verb plus ing ←→ the sentence is in the present continuous tense.
(4) now, look, listen and other words often appear in sentences.
Seven, have, have and have the structure.
1, there is a be structure, including "yes" or "yes" or "yes".
2. It all means "yes".
3, and have, has, had:
(1)There be sentence pattern means that there is something (or people) somewhere.
(2) In there be sentence pattern, the subject is singular and the be verb is; The subject is plural, and the be verb is; If there are several items, determine the be verb according to the noun of the nearest be verb.
(3) (3) The negative sentence of there be sentence adds not after the be verb, and the general interrogative sentence moves the be verb to the beginning of the sentence.
(4) The difference between 4)there be sentence pattern and have: have be means that there is something (or a person) somewhere; Have means that someone owns something.
(5) The usage of some and any in there be sentence patterns: some is used for affirmative sentences, and any is used for negative sentences or interrogative sentences.
(6) the usage of and and or in there be sentence patterns: and is used in affirmative sentences, or in negative sentences or interrogative sentences.
(7) The basic structure of the special question of quantity is: how much+plural nouns+you+prepositional phrases? How many+uncountable nouns +there+ prepositional phrases?
(8) The basic structure of the subject-specific question is: What' s+ prepositional phrase?
(9) be structure is generally used at the beginning of a sentence, while words such as have can only be used after a subject.
Knowledge points of Chinese pinyin
① You must know 23 initials, 24 finals and 16 whole syllables.
(2) Accurately read out light tones and syllables.
(3) Can write uppercase and lowercase letters in sequence, and can use word order search method to look up the dictionary.
④ Be able to spell syllables accurately and skillfully, and read and learn Mandarin with Chinese Pinyin.
⑤ Understand the usage of capital letters.
alphabet
A a B b C c D d E e F f G g
H h I i J j K k L l M m N n
O o P p Q q R r S s T t
U u V v W w X x Y y Z z
Initial consonant table
BP
China Daily
zh ch sh r z o s
General understanding: knowledge, delay, time, day, son, word and thought.
Yi, Wu, Yu, Ye, Yue, Yin, Yun, Ying and Yuan
The first letter of Chinese Pinyin is sometimes capitalized, which can be summarized as follows:
1. Chinese name. Capitalize the first letter of last name and first name. For example, Zhang Hui, Z and H should be capitalized. When surnames are combined with positions, titles, etc. The first letter at the beginning of the surname should be capitalized and the rest should be lowercase. For example, (Miss Wang) w should be capitalized. However, titles such as "old", "small", "big" and "a" should also be capitalized at the beginning. For example, Xiao Liu's x and l should be capitalized.
2. The initials of Chinese place names and proper nouns (such as book titles, institutions, groups, etc.). ) be capitalized. For example, Bei jing (Beijing) B should be capitalized, Shang hai (Shanghai) S should be capitalized, and Ning bo (Ningbo) N should be capitalized. If proper nouns are phrases, they should be written word by word, and the first letter of each word should be capitalized. For example, the first letter Z of People's Republic of China (PRC) and China, the first letter R of the people, * * * and the first letter G of China should be capitalized.
3. The first letter at the beginning of each whole sentence should be capitalized; If it is poetry, the first letter at the beginning of each line should also be capitalized.
The names of trademarks and shops are generally capitalized.
Knowledge points of Chinese characters
① Know about 3,000 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 2,500 can write. Correct pronunciation, font recognition, understanding of word meaning, correct understanding and use in reading and writing.
(2) Being able to distinguish the learned polyphonic characters, homophones, variant characters and pictophonetic characters; Correct the typo.
(3) Proficient in using three dictionary search methods and being able to define words.
(4) Can write with a pen, the writing speed is not less than 20 words per minute, and the handwriting is neat. Stick with a brush, the structure is symmetrical and the paper is clean.
Part of speech:
Verbs, nouns and adjectives are difficult to distinguish. If it is not clear at a glance, you can use the following methods:
First, use "one (quantifier)" (such as one, one, etc. ) to associate with this word. If meaningful, it is generally considered a noun; Judging by "hen" is meaningless, that is, linking "hen" with a word, which is meaningful, usually an adjective; It doesn't make sense. It's just a verb. What we have learned now may be different in the future. Others are obvious, such as personal pronouns, numerals, modal verbs and so on.
1, verb
The verbs mentioned here refer to all kinds of verbs, including behavioral verbs (that is, verbs we usually say), be verbs and modal verbs.
(1) action verb
It is a verb that we usually say in class, indicating some kind of action or behavior. Such as sweeping, live broadcast, etc.
We have learned four forms of action verbs:
Prototype, +s/es, +ed, +ing, the specific judgment method is as follows:
Yes, just a supplement.
Read sentences → read words → know words → understand meaning → see if there are be verbs (if you plan to use prototypes).
No, look at modal verbs again.
If so, use the prototype.
Yes, just add Ed.
No, let's see if there is an adverbial indicating the past time. If it is the third person singular, add s or es.
No, look at the theme again.
↘ If the prototype used is not the third person singular.
(2) Being a verb
A, Am-am-was Is-was Are-were formula: I use am, you use Are, Is is used for other things, and all plural numbers use are.
I (am not) from London. He is (not) a teacher. She is (not) in the restaurant. My hair is (not) long. Her eyes are (not) small.
C. General Question: Am I from China? Yes, you are. No, you're not. Are they Americans? Yes, they are. No, they're not. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it's not.
The verbs we learn now can be roughly divided into two categories: is, am and are, which are generally used in the simple present tense, the present continuous tense and the simple future tense, while was and were are the other two categories, which are generally used in the simple past tense.
Judgment steps: ↗ The first and third person are singular, and only was is used.
Yes, and look at this man.
↘ The second person is singular and all plural, only we are used.
See if there is an adverbial of past time.
↗ First person singular, with am.
No, see person → third person singular, and there is.
↘ Second person singular and all plural, only use are.
(3) Modal verbs
Modal verbs are also a special kind of verbs, which we don't usually call verbs. Modal verbs can appear in the same sentence as behavioral verbs.
The modal verbs we are learning now are: can, must, should, would, may. The most contact is energy.
After modal verbs, verbs always use prototypes. (Not affected by any other conditions)
2. Nouns
There are concrete and abstract ways to express things. The key word of judgment is often the be verb. If the be verb is am, is or was, the noun will be the prototype. If the verb be is are or was, add s or es before the noun.
There are two points to emphasize here: countless words are singular by default, so always use is or was；; It is best not to use some, any, many words to judge, so as not to be misled.
How to add a suffix:
A. In general, directly add -s, such as book-book, schoolbag, cat-cat, bed-bed.
B. it ends in s.x.sh. Ch and add -es, such as: bus, box, brush, watch.
C ends with "consonant +y", change y to I, and then add -es, such as: family-families, strawberry-.
D ends with "F or fe", change F or fe to V, and then add -es, such as knife-knifes.
E irregular plural nouns: man-man, woman-woman, policeman-policeman, policeman-woman, mouse-mouse-child foot-foot. Tooth-tooth fish-fish, man-man, China-China, Japan-Japan.
Judgment steps:
↗ If am, is or was→ prototype
Read sentences → read words → know words → understand meaning → look at be verbs.
↘ If it is are or was→ add s or es.
3. Adjectives (including adverbs)
Adjectives indicate the characteristics of things and adverbs indicate the characteristics of actions.
Adjectives and adverbs have only two forms: prototype and +er.
Use the prototype without comparison, and use +er when comparing.
Two important characteristics: as ... As must be in the middle of the prototype, and when there is than, it must be +er.
4. Personal pronouns and possessive pronouns
Personal pronoun possessive pronoun
singular or plural
Nominative nominative nominative adjective (short) nominal (long) adjective (short) nominal (long)
The first person calls me me, me, us, us, my, my, our.
The second person calls you you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you.
The third person, he, he, he, they, they, he, he, they, they.
She, she, she, she.
It it it it it it it.
Personal pronouns:
There are nominative and objective cases.
Generally, the nominative case is used before the verb and the accusative case is used after the verb.
Owner pronoun:
There are two types: adjective possessive pronouns (short) and noun possessive pronouns (long)
Generally, look for nouns at the back. If there is, use the adjective subject pronoun (short); If not, use a noun subject pronoun (long).
5. Quantifiers
We learned two kinds: cardinal words and ordinal numbers. Cardinality is used to indicate quantity, and cardinal words are used to indicate order, which often appear in dates.
6. Articles
Yes, and. A and an have specific meanings, and one (a …) and the have no specific meanings, sometimes translated into this and that. We can decide whether to use a, an or the according to the meaning of Chinese. The difference between A and an: an is used before vowel phoneme (usually vowel letter aeiou), and A is used before consonant phoneme.
Second, negative sentences:
Express a negative meaning. There must be nothing in this sentence.
There are three possibilities: be verb (am, is, are, was, were)+not, modal verb (can, must, should)+ not, auxiliary verb (do, does, did)+not.
How to turn positive statements into negative statements;
1. See if there is a be verb in the sentence. If there is, add +not directly after the be verb.
2. See if there are modal verbs in the sentence. If there is, add +not directly after the modal verb.
If none of the above, use the auxiliary verb +not. There are four steps:
(1) Affirmative sentences have no auxiliary verbs, so they should be added after the subject (someone or something) and before the verb.
(2) Judge whether to use do, does or did as auxiliary verbs. Judging from the verbs in the sentence, do is an auxiliary verb in the prototype, did is an auxiliary verb in the third person singular, and did is an auxiliary verb in the past tense.
(3) Add not after the auxiliary verb.
(4) If the original verb changes, it should be restored to its original form.
It should be emphasized that people who have something should consider whether to use it or not.
Third, general interrogative sentences.
To express doubt, there are only two possible answers: yes, … or no. There are no interrogative words in this sentence.
How to turn positive statements into negative statements;
1, see if there is a be verb in the sentence. If there is, put the be verb at the beginning of the sentence.
2. See if there are modal verbs in the sentence. If so, mention modal verbs at the beginning of the sentence.
If there are neither of the above, you should put help at the beginning of the sentence. There are four steps:
(1) Affirmative sentences have no auxiliary verbs, so they should be added after the subject (someone or something) and before the verb.
(2) Judge whether to use do, does or did as auxiliary verbs. Judging from the verbs in the sentence, do is an auxiliary verb in the prototype, did is an auxiliary verb in the third person singular, and did is an auxiliary verb in the past tense.
(3) Put the auxiliary verb at the beginning of the sentence.
(4) If the original verb changes, it should be restored to its original form.
It should be emphasized that people who have something should consider whether to use it or not.
Fourth, special problems.
There are many possibilities for expressing doubts, interrogative words (at the beginning) and answers.
Commonly used interrogative words:
What, when, which, who, whose, why and how?
How to ask questions about the underlined part:
1. Translate the original question into Chinese (read the underlined part again).
His birthday is May 5th.
His birthday is May 5th.
2. Ask questions in Chinese.
When is his birthday?
3. Complete the sentences to be asked according to Chinese.
When is his birthday?
imperative sentence
Ask or order others to do something or not to do something.
Positive imperative sentences must start with the prototype of the verb (sometimes please), and negative imperative sentences must start with don't plus the prototype of the verb (sometimes please).
To turn an imperative sentence into a negative sentence, just add don't before the verb.
Sixth, tense
1, simple present tense
In a sentence (1), there can be only one and only one be verb. For example:
The children were very happy on Christmas day.
She often does housework on weekends.
(2) It is a verb in the simple present tense:
Universal prototype: am is are
Am is used in the first person singular (I); Is is used in the third person singular (he she it) and other names or titles, such as Ben his sister, etc. ); Are is used in the second person singular (you) and all plural (including the first person plural we and the second person plural you; The third person plural them and other plural, such as children, his parents, etc. ).
(3) Verbs in the simple past tense:
There are two situations:
The first case: the subject is the third person singular (he she it and others, such as Helen and her cousin), and the verb is usually followed by S or es.
The second case: the subject in the third person is not singular, and the verbs are all prototype.
(4) the basis for judging the simple present tense (how to judge whether a sentence is the simple present tense):
△be verbs are am, is and are.
△ verbs are prototype or add s and es.
△ There is no adverbial of time or there are usually, often, every day, sometimes, etc. This is not a specific time.
(5) Useful foundation:
Be verb is the prototype of is, am ←→ noun (including singular and uncountable nouns here).
Be verb is are ←→ noun plus s or es.
The verb plus s or es ←→ the third person subject is singular.
Verb prototype-the subject is not singular in the third person.
(6) Modal verbs:
The modal verbs we are learning now are: can, must, should and would.
After modal verbs, verbs always use prototypes. (Not affected by any other conditions)
2. Simple past tense
In a sentence (1), there can be only one and only one be verb. For example:
The girls were on the grass just now.
They visited my parents last weekend.
(2) Use the simple past tense as a verb:
Generally use the past tense: was were.
Was is used in the first person singular (I) and the third person singular (he she it) and other names or titles, such as Ben and his sister. ); We use the second person singular (you) and all plural (including the first person plural we and the second person plural you; The third person plural them and other plural, such as children, his parents, etc. ).
(3) Verbs in the simple past tense:
Generally, there is only one situation: +ed
What I want to emphasize here is that, unlike the general present tense, no matter who the subject is, whether it is singular or plural, ed should be added here.
(4) the basis for judging the simple past tense (how to judge whether a sentence is simple past tense):
△be verbs are was and was.
△ verb plus ed
There is an adverbial of past time.
The adverbials I have learned now that are often used to express the past time are:
Just yesterday, a while ago, last week, last night, last weekend, last month, three days ago and two weeks ago.
five years ago
(5) Useful foundation:
Be verbs are was or were. This sentence is a simple past tense.
Verb plus ed has past tense adverbial.
3. General future tense
(1) composition:
Be going to+ verb prototype.
What I want to emphasize here is that the verb be, going, to and the verb prototype * * *, without any of these four words, can't form the general future tense.
(2) The simple future tense indicates that an action is about to happen or someone will do something.
(3) Useful foundation:
In a sentence, there are not only be verbs, but also going, to and verbs. The verb is the prototype and the sentence is the present continuous tense.
(4) Words like tomorrow, soon and next week often appear in sentences.
4. Present continuous tense
(1) composition:
Be verb +ing verb form
It should be emphasized here that neither of them can constitute the present continuous tense.
(2) The present continuous tense indicates that the action is going on or something is happening.
(3) Useful foundation:
There are both be verbs and verbs in a sentence, and the verb plus ing ←→ the sentence is in the present continuous tense.
(4) now, look, listen and other words often appear in sentences.