Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, a German philosopher and mathematician, a rare generalist in history, is known as the Aristotle of the 17th century. The following is what I brought to you about the life story of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, a famous person with high IQ. I hope you like it!

Gottfried Wilhelm (Gottfried Wilhelm) Leibniz (July 1, 1646 - November 14, 1716), a German philosopher and mathematician, a rare generalist in history, known as the Aristotle of the 17th century.

In mathematics, he and Newton independently invented calculus. Some people believe that Leibniz's greatest contribution was not the invention of calculus, but the invention of the mathematical symbols used in calculus, because the symbols used by Newton are generally considered worse than those of Leibniz. Leibniz also contributed to the development of binary systems.

In philosophy, Leibniz’s optimalism (or optimism) is the most famous. He believed that our universe is, in a sense, the best one created by God. He, Descartes and Baruch Spinoza are considered the three greatest rationalist philosophers of the seventeenth century.

Leibniz also made significant contributions to the development of physics and technology, and proposed a number of principles that later covered a wide range of fields including biology, medicine, geology, probability theory, psychology, linguistics and Information science concept. Leibniz left works in many directions such as political science, law, ethics, theology, philosophy, history, and linguistics.

Leibniz’s contributions to such a wide range of disciplines are scattered in various academic journals, thousands of letters, and unpublished manuscripts. As of 2010, Leibniz’s Not all works have been collected yet. In 2007, the Leibniz manuscript collection of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library and Lower Saxony State Library was included in the Memory of the World project compiled by UNESCO.

Since Leibniz lived and worked in Hannover for nearly forty years and died in Hannover, in order to commemorate him and his academic achievements, Leibniz held a memorial ceremony for July 1, 2006, which was also the Leibniz Memorial Day. On the occasion of the 360th anniversary of Leibniz's birth, the University of Hannover was officially renamed Leibniz University Hannover.

Early life

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, July 1, 1646 - November 14, 1716), German philosopher, Mathematician. About 40% of his books are in Latin, about 30% in French, and about 15% in German. Leibniz was a rare generalist in history and was known as the Aristotle of the seventeenth century. He himself is a lawyer who often travels to major towns. Many of his formulas are completed on bumpy carriages. He also claims to have the noble status of a baron. Since Leibniz lived and worked in Hannover for nearly forty years and died in Hannover, in order to commemorate him and his academic achievements, on July 1, 2006, the 360th anniversary of Leibniz’s birth, The University of Hannover officially changed its name to Leibniz University of Hannover.

Leibniz was born in Leipzig in the Holy Roman Empire on July 1, 1646. Three generations of his grandfather had served in the Saxon government. His father was Friedrich Leibntz and his mother was Catherine Schmuck. When he grew up, the spelling of Leibniz's name was changed to Leibniz, but most people used to write it Leibnitz. In his later years, he usually signed his name as von Leibniz to indicate his noble status. Leibniz's works were made public only after his death, and the author's name is usually Freiherr [Baron] G. W. von Leibniz. However, no one is sure whether he actually held the title of baron.

Leibniz’s father was a professor of ethics at the University of Leipzig. He died when Leibniz was 6 years old, leaving behind a private library. At the age of 12, he taught himself Latin and began to study Greek. He entered the University of Leipzig at the age of 14 and completed his studies at the age of 20, specializing in law and general university courses. In 1666 he published his first philosophical book, entitled "De arte combinatoria" (On Combination).

Appointment Court

After receiving his doctorate in Altdorf in 1666, Leibniz declined the appointment of a teaching position and was introduced to the court by the then politician Baron Boineburg. High Court of Archbishop Johann Philipp von Schnborn, Elector of Mainz.

In 1671, he published two papers, "Theoria motus abstracti" and "Hypothesis physica nova", dedicated to the Academy of Sciences in Paris and the Royal Society in London respectively. Increased visibility in European academia at the time.

In 1672, Leibniz was sent to Paris by Johann Philipp to shake Louis XIV's interest in invading the Netherlands and other Germanic neighbors in Western Europe, and to focus on Egypt instead. This political plan did not succeed, but Leibniz entered the intellectual circle of Paris and met Malebranche and the mathematician Huygens. During this period, Leibniz studied mathematics in particular and invented calculus.

Boineburg and Johann Philipp died one after another in 1672 and 1673, forcing Leibniz to finally leave Paris in 1676 and serve Duke Johann Friedrich of Hanover. When he took office, he stopped by The Hague to visit Spinoza and discussed philosophy with him for several days. Afterwards, Leibniz went to Hanover to manage the library and served as the duke's legal advisor.

From 1680 to 1685, he worked as a mining engineer at the Harz Mountains silver mine. During this time, Leibniz worked on windmill designs to pump groundwater from mines. However, due to technical problems and resistance from miners' traditional concepts, the plan did not succeed.

Since 1685, he was entrusted by the successor Duke Ernst August to start researching the genealogy of the Braunschweig-Lneburg aristocracy. This project was not completed until Leibniz's death.

Completed Discours de mtaphysique in 1686.

In 1689, in order to complete the Braunschweig-Lneburg genealogy research, he traveled to Italy. At that time, I got acquainted with the missionaries sent by the Jesuits to China, and began to have a stronger interest in Chinese things.

In 1695, he published "The New System" in a journal, which made Leibniz's theory of predetermined harmony between entities and minds and objects widely known in his philosophy.

Served as president

In 1700, Leibniz persuaded Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg to establish the Academy of Sciences in Berlin and served as its first president.

Completed "A New Treatise on Human Reason" in 1704. This article uses the style of dialogue to criticize Locke's "Treatise of Human Intellect" chapter by chapter. However, due to Locke's sudden death, Leibniz did not want to be accused of bullying the deceased, so this book was never published during Leibniz's lifetime.

In 1710, out of gratitude to Queen Sophie Charlotte of Prussia, who passed away in 1705, she published "Essais de Thodice" (Essais de Thodice).

In 1714, he wrote "La Monadologie" (title added by later generations) and "The Principles of Nature and Grace Based on Reason" in Vienna. In the same year, Georg Ludwig, Duke of Hanover, succeeded as King George I of England, but refused to bring Leibniz to London, alienating him from Hanover.

Died in his later years

Leibniz died alone in Hanover on November 14, 1716. Apart from his own secretary, there was no one else in the court, even though George Ludwig himself happened to be in Hanover. People attended his funeral. It was not until a few months before his death that he completed a manuscript on Chinese religious thought: "On the Natural Theology of the Chinese."

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