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Song Xiaqu

The black wild goose flies high in the moon

The Shan Yu escapes at night

He wants to drive Qingqi away

Heavy snow full of bows and knives

[Notes]

1. Song under the Fortress: a military song from the ancient frontier fortress.

2. Dark Moon: No moonlight.

3. Chanyu (chán yú): leader of the Huns. This refers to the supreme commander of the invaders.

4. Escape: escape.

5. General: to lead.

6. Light Cavalry: Lightly-armed and fast cavalry.

7. Chasing: chasing.

[Brief Analysis]

This is the third poem in Lu Lun's "Song of Saixia" series. Lu Lun once served as a marshal judge in the shogunate and had experience in military life. His poems describing this kind of life are relatively substantial and vigorous in style. This poem describes the general's heroic and heroic preparations to lead his troops to chase the enemy on a snowy night.

The first two sentences describe the enemy's retreat. "The wild geese fly high in the dark moon", the moon is covered by clouds, and it is pitch black. The wild geese startle and fly high. "Chan Yu fled at night", on this unusual night with dark moon and high wind, the enemy army escaped secretly. "Chanyu" originally refers to the supreme ruler of the Xiongnu. Here it refers to the invaders of the Khitan and other tribes who often invaded the south at that time.

The last two sentences describe the scene of the general preparing to chase the enemy, which is extraordinary. "In order to drive the light cavalry away", the general discovered that the enemy was absconding and wanted to lead the light cavalry to pursue him. Just as he was about to set off, there was a heavy snowfall, and in an instant, his bow and sword were covered with snowflakes. The last sentence, "The bow and knife are covered with heavy snow" is a description of the severe cold scene, which highlights the hardship of the battle and the brave spirit of the soldiers.

This poem is a blend of scenes. The enemy troops fled under the situation of "moon black geese flying high", and the general prepared to pursue the situation under the situation of "heavy snow full of bows and swords". The atmosphere of escape and pursuit is effectively rendered. The whole poem does not describe the process of chasing the enemy in the snow, nor does it directly describe the fierce battle scenes, but it leaves people with rich imagination.

Song Xiaqu

The dark grass in the forest is frightened by the wind, and the general bows in the shadow of the night.

I looked for the white feather in plain sight, but it was missing among the stone edges.

Notes:

①The next song - the name of an ancient song. Most of these works describe border scenery and war life.

②Jingfeng - suddenly blown by the wind.

③ Draw the bow - draw the bow, open the bow, this includes the next step of archery.

④Pingming-when it is just dawn.

⑤White feather - the white feather at the back of the arrow shaft, here refers to the arrow.

⑥No - fall into, here it means to get into.

⑦ Stone edge - the corner of the stone.

This frontier fortress poem tells the story of a general hunting a tiger. It is based on "The Biography of General Li" by Sima Qian, a scholar of the Western Han Dynasty, who recorded the deeds of the famous general Li Guang at that time. The original text is: "When I went out hunting, I saw a stone in the grass. I thought it was a tiger and shot it. The stone was hit without the arrowhead (arrow). I saw it as a stone."

The first two lines of the poem describe events. It happened: late at night, the mountain forest was dark, and suddenly a strong wind blew, and the grass was brushed and undulated and trembled; the frogman relished the idea of ??a white tiger rushing toward him when he was rising and landing. At this time, the general was galloping past the forest. With his eyes quick and quick, he drew his bow and shot an arrow...

The result of the event written in the last two sentences is: Early the next morning, the general remembered What happened in the forest last night, he followed the original route to the scene, and he couldn't help but be shocked: in the bright morning light, he clearly saw that the thing he shot was not a tiger, but a huge rock. Squatting there in silence with fear, the white-feathered arrow actually penetrated deeply into the stone edge! Please note that the part where the arrow enters is not a stone hole, a crack, or a stone surface, but a narrow and sharp stone edge - this requires so much arm strength and high martial arts!

Some people may ask, why did the general shoot the tiger and wait until the next morning to see the result? The original story didn’t say that we didn’t find out until the next day that the shot was a stone! This is the poet's artistic treatment.

First, this can show the general's confidence. He has always hit the mark with perfect accuracy. Are you still afraid that it won't die and run away this time? Second, it can increase the intuitiveness of the image and allow people to see it more clearly. If you watch it that night, you can certainly find that it is a misunderstanding, but it will be difficult to achieve the vivid effect of the current picture.

Poetry pays the most attention to implication, and the most important thing is the meaning behind the words. Seeing the description of the arrow hitting the stone in the poem, we will naturally think about it: what would it look like if the target was really a tiger? What if you shoot enemy soldiers and horses on the battlefield? As a result, the image of a general with strong martial arts skills, bravery and prowess in battle, stands majestically in front of us with his horse coiled and his bow bent.

About the author: Lu Lun (748-800), courtesy name Yunyan, was born in Hezhongpu (now Yongji County, Shanxi). Poet of Tang Dynasty.

Four songs under the plug (Part 1)

Li Yi

The tribe of Fanzhou can end, and hunt the meanders of the Yellow River day and night.

The song of Yan has not stopped blocking Hongfei, and the herds of horses are neighing and the grass is green.

There are many heroic poems in the frontier fortress poems of the Tang Dynasty, but after all, they mostly express the hardships and dangers of the conquest life and the sadness of the soldiers' homesickness. Even some famous singing songs are inevitably mixed with words of danger or sad emotions. When readers turn to Li Yi's work, they will have a very different feeling. They will be immediately attracted by the magnificent picture of the vast sky and the earth, with people cheering and horses barking. It is outstanding in expressing the heroic life of soldiers and reflecting the magnificent and moving scenery of the northwest.

The "Fanzhou" in the poem generally refers to the northwest frontier (there was also Fanzhou in the Tang Dynasty, and its governance is in the west of today's Yishan County, Guangxi, and is not part of the Yellow River), and the "Fanzhou tribe" refers to the tribes stationed in The border defense troops in the Hetao of the Yellow River ("Meander of the Yellow River"). Lieutenant generals in the army lived a life of "Golden Rivers and Jade Passes year by year, horses and sword rings in the court". It was very difficult, but they were tempered to be very strong and brave. The first sentence only praises them for "being able to finish", that is, being good at dressing up in military uniforms. Through the description of the heroic appearance of the soldiers, the author indicates to the readers that it is self-evident that they are good at fighting, so the next sentence writes "Chi Hunt" instead of "able", and the readers can understand by themselves.

Hunting in the army is no different from the pleasures of princes wandering around in the fields. It is a routine military training. The athletes enjoyed it endlessly and practiced morning and night to be ready to face the enemy at any time. It is precisely "In order to repay the protection of the heroes, the Xiongnu will not go down to the clouds" (Poem No. 4 in the same group). The action of "hunting the Yellow River in the morning and evening" shows the athletes' impassioned spirit of dedication to the country and their determination to win. The sentence is full of the author's praise for them.

These two sentences focus on portraying the characters and their spiritual outlook, while the last two sentences show the vast background of the characters' activities. The scenery of the northwest plateau is so magnificent: the sky is high and the clouds are clear, geese are flying in groups, songs are floating in the vast wilderness, and horses are running happily on the green grass. It is a lively scene.

The "Yan Ge" that the people sang was said by some to be the tune of "Yan Ge Xing". Watching the flying geese fly away, there is indeed a deep nostalgia for their hometown among the northern soldiers in their singing. However, Feihong looks away but "the song of the swallows does not end." This cheerful song also contains the singer's love and pride for the borderland. If this point is not obvious in the three sentences, then there is no doubt after reading the last sentence.

"The herds of horses are neighing and the grass is green." Among the poems praising the scenery of the northwest frontier, it is almost comparable to the strange sentence "the wind blows the grass and you can see the cattle and sheep". The sentence "The grass is low when the wind blows" refers to the autumn scenery on the plateau, so it is more desolate; while the sentence "herding horses neigh" refers to the spring on the plateau, so there is a lot of business. The word "green" is perfectly placed. Because there are three or four pairs of knots, the upper pair is called "sai Hongfei" and the lower pair is "biancaoqing". It can be seen that the word "green" is a verb. It is not exactly a green grass color, but also describes the change of "the grass on Liliyuan" from dry to prosperous, implying that spring has returned to the grassland unknowingly. This is similar to the later popular Wang Anshi's famous sentence "The spring breeze turns green on the south bank of the river", both of which are famous for their use of the word "green". In the south of the Yangtze River, spring returns to the earth, which is called by the singing of birds. The spring in Saibei is greeted by the joyful neighing of horses. "The grass on the edge is green" and "the herding horses are neighing" are written in conjunction, which is particularly meaningful; it seems that the grass on the edge is greener and more lovely because of the neighing of the horses. The magnificent heroic sentiments expressed in the poem are very valuable.

Reference: Saixiaqu

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