basically speaking, computers can be divided into five parts: arithmetic unit, memory, controller, input device and output device.
2. Understand the computer system
A computer system is divided into two parts: hardware and software. Hardware is equivalent to a person's body, while software is equivalent to a person's soul.
and hardware is generally divided into host and external devices. The host is the core component of a computer, which is usually placed in a chassis. External devices include input devices (such as keyboard and mouse) and output devices (such as monitors and printers).
software is generally divided into system software and application software.
3. What basic parts do you need to buy to assemble a computer?
1. Chassis, where the main parts of a general computer are placed.
2. The monitor is used to see the working process of the computer. Otherwise, you don't even know what the computer is doing.
3. Keyboard and mouse, input useful commands to the computer and let it work for us.
4. Motherboard, this is a very important thing. Although it looks a little ugly, it is one of the important parts that determine the performance of your computer.
5, memory, when the computer is working, the computer will store the stored data here, which is equivalent to human memory.
6. CPU, also called central processing unit, is the core of computer operation and control.
7. Graphics card, through which the computer transmits to the monitor.
8. Sound card, which is used by computers to transmit sound to speakers.
9. Hard disk. Usually people often say that my hard disk has as many gigabytes as it has, which means the capacity of this hard disk, and the more gigabytes, the more things it can hold.
1. Floppy drives, that is, things for inserting floppy disks, are generally 3.5-inch now, and 5.25-inch ones were used in ancient times. Now we buy them and people don't sell them.
11. CD-ROM drive, of course, this is indispensable for listening to CDs, and sometimes some software you want to install is on CDs, so this is very useful.
12. Power supply, which is mainly used to convert 22V external power supply into various DC power supplies for various parts of the computer
4. How to evaluate the quality of a computer
Of course, the quality of a computer should be measured from many aspects, not just one or several performance indicators. Generally, there are several performance indicators to evaluate the quality of a computer:
1. CPU type and clock frequency
This is the most important performance indicator of a computer, which determines the most basic performance of a computer.
in the past, we often called 286, 386, 486, 586, 686, etc. according to the model of CPU.
The clock frequency is a measure of a computer working at a fixed beat, also known as the main frequency. The higher the clock frequency, the shorter the clock cycle, the shorter the time it takes to execute instructions and the faster the operation speed.
2. Capacity of memory
The unit of memory is MB. Usually people always refer to this, such as 32MB, 64MB, 128MB, 256MB, etc. The larger the memory capacity of a computer, the more complex and faster the tasks that the computer can handle.
3. Configuration of external devices
High-end computers generally have soft and good monitors, keyboards, mice, speakers and so on.
4. Running speed
The running speed of a computer is mainly determined by the speed of CPU and memory.
5. Bus type
The more bus bits, the higher the machine performance.
6. Compatibility
Whether it has wide compatibility, including whether it can run all kinds of application software developed on computers and accept all kinds of expansion cards of computers.
5. Common important computer English and its abbreviations
Translated from the Internet
PC: personal computer, personal computer, also known as microcomputer or microcomputer.
NC: Network Computer.
MPC: multimedia personal computer.
MMX is the abbreviation of MultiMedia eXtensions, and it is an important feature of the sixth generation CPU chip. MMX technology adds 57 instructions specially designed for Video Signal, Audio Signal and Graphical Manipulation to CPU, so MMX CPU greatly improves the multimedia processing function of computer (such as stereo, video, three-dimensional animation, etc.).
Intel Pentium 166mhz mmxtm: Intel Pentium is a Pentium CPU produced by Intel. ? It means "Registered" (registered trademark). 166MHz refers to the CPU clock frequency, and MHz is the abbreviation of Mega Hertz. TM in MMXTM is short for "Trade Mark", which means "registered trademark".
OOP: object oriented programming, object-oriented programming. The so-called "object" is a collection of one or a group of data and the methods and processes for processing these data. Object-oriented programming is completely different from traditional process-oriented programming, which greatly reduces the difficulty of software development and makes programming as simple as building blocks. It is an irresistible trend of computer programming today.
28VGA: 28 refers to the yellow dot spacing (dot spacing) on a color display. The smaller the dot spacing, the finer and better the image will be. This is because every pixel on the color screen is made up of a group of red, green and blue lights. Technically, the three beams of light can not be converged on one point, so there will be a yellow dot spacing, and the smaller the interval. VGA is short for Video Graphics Array.
fat: allocation table, which is used to record the information about how files are scattered and stored in different sectors on the hard disk.
EPA: abbreviation of environmental protection agency, U.S. environmental protection agency. In 1992, the EPA announced the "Energy Star" program, which received a positive response from the international community. As long as you start the computer, you can see the "Energy Star" sign on the screen in a few seconds. The goal of ENERGY STAR is to automatically enter a low-power state when all components of the computer system are inactive, and when the initiative of the components is restored (that is, when the keyboard, mouse, etc. are used), the computer system will automatically return to a fully awake state. For products that meet the Energy Star specifications, EPA will issue the Energy Star logo "EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER", which means "pollution-proof and energy-saving products approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency".
IC card: Intelligent Card.
ATX: a new structural specification for computer chassis, motherboard and power supply.
IDE: integrated circuit device or smart disk device.
dll: dynamic link library.
KB: kilobyte, and kb means kilobytes. K=Kilo, a combining form, means "thousand; Kilometer; Kilogram; Kilometers. " B=Byte, which means "byte", is the smallest storage unit in a computer (one byte can store one English letter and every two bytes can store one Chinese character).
MB: megabyte, MB stands for megabyte. M=Mega, a combining form that means "trillion; Millions. "
GB: gigabyte, and GB means gigabyte. G=Giga, a word-forming component, which means giga; Billion ".
Cai: computer-aided instruction or computer-aided instruction. It will be the most important and popular teaching method in the 21st century.
CAD: computer-aided design.
iso: international standard organization. ISO introduced the ISO 9 series international standards on quality management and quality assurance in 1987, and published the revised standards in 1994. Among them, the main standards that constitute ISO 9 series standards are: 1. ISO 9-1: 1994 Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standards-Part I: Guide to Selection and Use. 2.ISO 91:1994 "Quality System-Quality Assurance Mode of Design, Development, Production, Installation and Service". 3.ISO 92:1994 "Quality System-Quality Assurance Mode for Final Inspection and Test".
3DS or 3D Studio: Three Dimension Studio, a three-dimensional studio. It is a set of multifunctional 3D animation software introduced by Autodesk Company of the United States, which integrates solid modeling, static coloring and animation creation, and greatly popularizes 3D modeling technology. It can exchange graphic information with AutoCAD, use scanner to input graphics, and output animation to TV or video tape through VGA and TV conversion interface.
VR: virtual reality, also known as 3D, evolved from the Air Force flight simulator. Basically, it uses the principle of alternating left and right visual spaces to display images to produce stereoscopic effects. In fact, it has gone beyond the scope of image processing, and it is a computer-generated environment that integrates light, sound and images. People can interact with objects in the virtual environment as in real life, and the application prospect of virtual reality is extremely broad.
ocr: short for optical character recognition, refers to inputting text materials as computer image files through a scanner, recognizing them as Chinese or English internal codes through software, and then processing the words. Because of the randomness of handwriting, OCR is mainly limited to the recognition of printed words at present. At present, the TH-OCR NT for Windows produced by Tsinghua Wentong Company represents the highest accuracy of Chinese OCR recognition.
SCSI: small computer system interface, which appears to solve the connection problems between many external devices and computers.
OEM: original equipment manufacturer, original equipment manufacturer.
Microsoft OEM: Microsoft OEM products. It refers to the software operating system pre-installed on the microcomputer, including Windows98, Windows NT, WorkStation, Windows3.X and MS-DOS.
mis: management information system. It is widely used in all walks of life, and the most famous management information systems in China are "Wangte MIS", "Yaqi MIS" and "Quick MIS".
PNP: plug and play, which is an important technical feature of Window98. The so-called plug-and-play refers to the technology that the operating system automatically sets the system structure when installing peripheral devices such as PC cards that meet PNP standards to the computer. That is to say, when users install new hardware, they don't need to set any jumper switches, and they don't need to configure interrupt request (IRQ), memory address or direct memory access (DMA) channel with software. Windows98 will inform the application of the new changes in hardware devices and automatically coordinate the conflicts among IRQ, memory address and DMA channel.
OLE: object linking and embedding, object linking and embedding, referred to as ole technology. OLE is not only the integration of desktop applications, but also defines and implements a mechanism that allows applications to "connect" with each other as software "objects" (functions of data collection and operation data). This connection mechanism and protocol is called Component Object Model, or COM for short. OLE can be used to create compound document. compound document contains applications created from different sources and has different types of data, so it can combine words, sounds, images and tables.
midi: musical instrument digital interface. It is one of the basic terms of multimedia. MIDI files are played and recorded by electronic instruments such as electronic organ, guitar, saxophone, etc. It can be played on most multimedia computer sound cards. Even if you don't create your own MIDI files, you can use the existing MIDI files as the background music of multimedia presentations. MIDI files only store the description of sound, and rely on the synthesizer of sound card (FM or waveform table) to generate the real sound that people want to hear.
MPEG: the abbreviation of Motion Picture Experts Group, which means "moving picture expert group", is a compression coding standard for moving pictures and their accompanying sounds in multimedia computers, which is commonly referred to as MPEG standard. It includes three parts: MPEG audio, MPEG video, and MPEG system.
6. Common hardware names and equipment names
are translated from the Internet
CPU: Central Processing Unit, also known as central processing unit or microprocessor, is referred to as the heart of a computer.
ram: random access memory, which is what people often say.