Place names are an important part of history and culture. Place names can often bear witness to the history and culture of a region, including products, ethnic groups, landforms, historical evolution, etc. It can be said that place names are living fossils for studying regional history and culture. . The place names in Guizhou have the general popularity of place names, but also have their own particularities. Guizhou is a member of the global family. In China, at least in the Zhou Dynasty of China, it has initially integrated into the Chinese cultural circle. Moreover, all ethnic groups in Guizhou belong to the Sino-Tibetan language family, so they have many different cultural characteristics, so their The naming of place names also follows the general principles of place naming. Guizhou is a special place with ancient indigenous inhabitants - the Yelang people. The Yelang culture created by the Yelang people continues to this day. The Gelao people, the descendants of the Yelang people, are still tenaciously thriving on this land. The Miao people, the descendants of the ancient San Miao people, are also widely distributed in this land, and together with other ethnic groups, they created the history of Guizhou. There have been many great ethnic migrations in the history of Guizhou. The most influential ones were the three great migrations during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Hongwu Period of the Ming Dynasty, and the beginning of the founding of the Republic of China. In the early Han Dynasty, shortly after his envoys brought back the joke of "Yelang was arrogant" from Yelang, Emperor Wu sent troops to conquer the small countries in the southwest. Yelang was one of them. In order to consolidate the fruits of his victory, he established a county in the southwest including Yelang County. In the southwest counties, local officials were selected to manage the counties on a long-term basis, and Han Dynasty troops were stationed in the southwest counties for a long time. This formed the first major immigration in the history of Guizhou. It was at that time that the oldest surnames in Guizhou, Wu and Chen, entered Guizhou. The second major immigration was during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. In order to stabilize the southwest, Zhu Yuanzhang first carried out "mobilization from the north to the south" and sent troops to conquer the southwest. In order to stabilize the morale of the military, he also used coercive means to recruit military family members from the mainland. Various A large number of people, mainly artists and businessmen, moved into Guizhou, and together with the local garrison, they lived in groups. According to the number of people and the division of labor, they were named Tun, Fort, Ying, Pan, Pu, Shao, etc. In peacetime, merchants are doing business and artists are performing arts. If there is a war, everyone is a soldier. This is the "juntun". This large-scale immigration formed Guizhou's "Tunpu (pu)" culture. The early entry of soldiers was called "moving to the north and conquering the south." The later immigration of non-soldiers was often called "moving to the north and filling the south." It was also this great migration that basically established the ethnic composition and cultural features of Guizhou. The third great immigration was the large number of "cadres going south" and their families who have been living in society for military and civilian reasons under the arrangement of the Central Leadership of the Communist Party of China since the founding of the People's Republic of China. , and a large number of workers and their descendants who moved to Guizhou along with the machine factories. Their arrival brought advanced customs and culture, allowing Guizhou's local culture to once again receive fresh blood. Guizhou has karst (karst) landforms represented by Zhijin Cave, Huangguoshu Waterfall, Fanjing Mountain, etc. It takes 32,000 years to form soil one centimeter thick. Due to Guizhou's ancient local culture, the (fragmented) Central Plains culture of different periods brought about by successive ethnic migrations, and Guizhou's unique scenery and landforms, Guizhou's place names are unique and colorful. It can be said that if you want to study the history of Guizhou without studying the place names of Guizhou, then the research will definitely be imperfect. Now I will briefly talk about the general situation of Guizhou place names. Although it is not perfect and there will inevitably be errors, I hope it can serve as a starting point. The first type is related to ancient peoples. In the history of the world, there are often ethnic groups or surnames that are named after place names or country names, or places that are named after ethnic groups or surnames. For example, the surname Wu comes from the surname Ji, and the surname Ji is derived from Jishui. Another example is Wujiang in Jiangsu, which got its place name from the surname Wu. Puding in Guizhou belongs to the ancient Yelang District. Related place names include Yeshan and Langdai (Mountain). Some archaeologists believe that the place name was derived from the name of the country, and some believe that the country name was derived from the place name. Both Must be one of them. The ethnic group that established the ancient Yelang Kingdom was the "Bu tribe". However, in Puding, Guizhou, there are Bedui, Bulang, Buguochong, Pushe and Puding with similar sounds to "Bu". It is adjacent to the existing Pu'an wait. Zhang Yingzhi, an older generation archaeologist in Guizhou, believes that many place names starting with the "meng" sound in Guizhou are also related to Gu Yelang. He believes that the "meng" sound is the sound of "mo", and "mo" is the sound of "mo". The sound of "pu" is changed. There are many place names with similar sounds to these in various places in Guizhou. For example, there is "Seventy-two Mo" in Huishui. It is said that there are 72 place names starting with "Mo". In Puding, there are Mengjia, Mengzhou, Mengzuo. And other place names.

The "Bu" tribe of Gu Yelang was also called the "Pu" tribe by the historian, and the descendants of the Bu tribe were called "Liao". There are place names similar to "Liao" in Puding, such as Nayongzhi, Nayougu, Naba , Nahei, Narui and other place names. The descendants of the "Liao" people are the current Gelao people. In the area where Puding and Zhijin and Hepingba meet, the saying "Nine Districts and Eighteen Qiao" was left. There are eighteen place names starting with "仡". The ones that have survived to this day include Gedang milk, Gedangguai, Gabawu, Da Gezhi, Xiao Gezhi and so on. Place names with sounds similar to "仡" include Gawo, Gongda, etc. Another example is that most of the place names starting with "Long" are villages where the Buyi people gather - Longga, Longhei, Longjiao, etc. The second type is related to war. There are many ethnic groups in Guizhou. In ancient times, wars often occurred between ethnic groups due to conflicts of interest. However, the decisive wars all occurred with the Central Plains court, and they all ended in failure. This aspect mainly occurred during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. Some won after fierce battles, and some "peacefully liberated" after a large army came to the city. Anyway, the victorious side was the "teacher of benevolence and righteousness", so there were Qingzhen, Zhenning, Anshun, Xingyi, Dingnan, etc. On the surface, every place name looks beautiful, but there is a bloody word hidden behind it. From the words, we can almost interpret the general situation of the Ming Dynasty's conquest of the place. The third type is a legacy of the military garrison culture during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, as the war in the Central Plains was coming to an end, the imperial court mobilized its military forces to pacify the "Southwestern Barbarians", and then "mobilized the north to conquer the south", and the war soon ended. However, according to historical experience, as soon as the political situation in the Central Plains became unstable, various interest groups in the southwest became independent, each claiming kingship, and neither paying court nor paying tribute to the Central Plains court. How to break out of the vicious circle of history has become a problem that the authorities must solve. The imperial court eventually learned from the effective "military settlements" used in history by Yue Fei in the Song Dynasty to deal with the Jin people in the north. So the imperial court sent military families, as well as various craftsmen and their families in proportion, to move to various garrison locations in Guizhou in batches to establish military camps. Soldiers, craftsmen and their families are part of the army. They usually engage in business and farming, but in war, it can be said that everything is a soldier. The deterrent power of the military and the softening power of advanced culture have enabled the culture of Guizhou to greatly develop, and productivity has been greatly improved. Facts have proved that the "military settlement" strategy is very successful. According to the scale, level or nature of the garrison, it was divided into flags, tuns, forts, pans, camps, pu and sentries. From this, place names such as "nine tuns and eighteen forts" were left, such as Datun, Xiaotun, Yuguan Tun, Zhangguantun, Mabao, Laotanbao, Zhangshaobao, Yuguanbao, and others such as Song Banner, White Banner, Red Banner, Yunpan, Haoying, Twelve Camps, and Toupu, Yaopu, Erpu, Dashan Whistle and so on. Fourth, place names are related to main local features or landmarks. Such as Puding's Sancha River, Shuangshan, fish ponds, large wells, gray kilns, grass ponds, Hebao Mountain, Potou Mountain, slopes, etc. The fifth type is the product of the combination of landforms and surnames, such as Wujiashanjiao, Zhangjiapingzhai, Xiajiapingpo and Meijiayuanba in Puding. By looking at the place name, you can not only understand its geographical environment, but also know the main families living there, and often also play a role in exploring the cultural background. But sometimes the surname in front of the place name does not match the residents. This is often caused by the rise and fall of the family. Therefore, place names can sometimes provide evidence for studying the rise and fall of some families. The sixth type is that place names are named after local specialties. Such as Huangguoshu, Masangzhai, Dayouzhai, livestock farm, as well as Dayao, Xiaoyao, Wagongzhai, etc., which are named after their rich earthenware products. The seventh type is that place names are named after myths or legends. Puding’s Fairy Horse, because it is said that fairy horses once appeared in this place, the place names such as Xianma Cave and Xianma Well were left behind. It is said that an eminent monk who achieved Taoism once sat here and transformed into an immortal. It is named "Huachu" which means "the eminent monk sat and transformed into an immortal". The eighth type, Jiazi place names, are also called zodiac place names. In ancient China, Jiazi was used to record the year, during which a small area of ??circular trading place was formed, so it was named after the zodiac or Jiazi. Because the Jiazi matches the zodiac, there is a cycle of twelve days, so the Jiazi field is left, which is also called the zodiac field. They are called rat farm, cow farm, and horse farm in order. . . . . . . , found everywhere. The ninth type is named after historical celebrities. For example, Guanling is also called Guansuoling. According to legend, Guansuo, the son of Guan Yu, the famous general of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, stationed troops here. Later generations named it Guansuoling in memory of Guansuo, which was shortened to Guanling. Ruofei Avenue in Anshun City is named in memory of Wang Ruofei, a historical hero of the Communist Party of China. Another example is Wang Erhe, Wang Wuzhai and so on. The tenth type is named because of belief or worship. In Chinese history, various ethnic groups and tribes have their own worship objects. Dogs, horses, wolves, rats, etc. were all worshiped.

The Yu tribe in primitive society was related by marriage to the Huangdi tribe. This tribe worshiped an animal called "Yu", which was said to be the king of beasts, and named its tribe "Yu". This tribe The person who is called "Youyu". Then there were many ancient place names in the Central Plains that started with "Yu". Such as Yu County, Yu City, Yuzhou, etc. Plants and natural objects are also worshiped. Water, the foundation of life, has been the foundation of a village since ancient times. A village cannot be built without water, and a village cannot be built without water. The disappearance of large cities and ancient civilizations in history is mostly related to the depletion of water. It is not surprising that water has become a fetish of some ethnic groups or tribes. Puding in Guizhou has jellyfish, old jellyfish, new jellyfish, Shui Boli, and neighboring counties have water cities and so on. The eleventh type was named after the establishment of the Republic of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the construction of factories, garrison, development of industry and agriculture, etc., some place names with historical imprints were naturally left behind. For example, there are Hongqi Village, Hongqi New Village, People's Village, Jiefang Village, xx Farm, xx Power Plant, xx Park and so on. The twelfth type is purely related to the surname. Chinese people have a tradition of living together in groups, which often results in unique villages with one clan, one surname and one head, such as Chenjiazhai, Dongjiazhuang, Huajiayuan, etc. in Puding, Guizhou. The thirteenth method is positioning and naming. Chinese Feng Shui experts believe that mountains to the south and water to the north are yang, and mountains to the north and water to the south are yin. Guiyang means "the sun of your mountains". Anshun's Shuangyang is located between Shannan and Shuibei, so it is called Shuangyang. However, due to the small mountains and small waters, the flavor of "Double Yang" can no longer be seen. The fourteenth one was originally named after the United States. The Chinese nation is a nation that loves beauty. Even if it lives in poor mountains and rivers, it will never forget to appreciate beauty and create beauty. Place names are often given beautiful connotations and beautiful words. Like a jade river - a river with waves like jade. Weaving gold——The mountains and ravines are intertwined into gold. Waves - beautiful water waves. Fifteenth, cultural characteristics naming. China is a country of etiquette, and the sages of the past dynasties have advocated "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness", so there are Zunyi, Xingyi, Tongren, Xingren, etc. Benevolence and righteousness are the standards of moral behavior, and this may also imply the flavor of "teacher of benevolence and righteousness". There may be other naming methods, but the above naming method is the most basic. Some place names with less obvious semantics, such as Chuanjia and Yanlang, are often left behind by a certain ethnic group in history. Their meanings are difficult to understand, but they basically follow the above naming principles. Place names can reflect their essential attributes in the natural or cultural environment, and the evolution of place names also reflects changes in their essential attributes. This is how some place names in Puding evolved. 1. White Flag (Tunpu) - Red Flag (National Flag of New China) 2. Sow Cave (Legend) - Maguan Underground Reservoir (Artificial Reservoir) 3. Taipingbao (Tunpu) - Anshun Power Plant ( Modern power plant) 4. Puding (Gu Yelang) - Ming Dynasty Dingnansuo (Tunpu) - Puding (New China) The naming of place names has a relatively stable principle, a principle of regional characteristics, and Scientific principles are principles that the people are willing to accept. Guizhou's place names also follow these principles and at the same time have their own characteristics.

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