The insect of this superfamily is small in size, about 1 ~ 5 mm in length, and the smallest is only 0.2 mm, with degenerated wing veins. In the anterior wing, there are mainly sub-marginal veins (including leading veins), marginal veins, tail veins and nevus veins along the leading edge of the wing. Some groups have a short wing vein between the sub-edge vein and the edge vein, and the end folds and merges into the edge vein, which is called the leading edge vein, and the back wing vein is simpler and simpler. The shape and size of the thoracoabdominal side piece between the anterior thoracic backboard and the pterygoid base vary with different types. There is usually a sharp transverse ridge at the back of the chest backboard, which separates the backboard from the neck. The middle chest backboard often has 1 longitudinal slots, some small shields also have 1 longitudinal slots, and some have 1 transverse slots. Thoracic and abdominal segments usually have longitudinal ridges; The 1 contralateral ridge near the valve of Trichogrammaceae is called lateral fold. The second abdominal segment became pedicel, and the pedicels of some groups were reduced to inconspicuous scales, completely deformed and a few super-deformed.

3 living habits

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From phytophagy to parasitism, there are completely phytophagous species, such as fig wasp family, phytophagous species and parasitic species, such as broad-shouldered wasp family, long-tailed wasp family and a few wasp families. Most of the others are parasitic, ranging from host eggs to pupae, and the host range is also very wide. Besides insects, some arachnids are also hosts of wasps. For example, the eggs of arachnids are one of the prey of arachnids, and ticks. Widely distributed.

4 Economic significance

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Most wasps are natural enemies to control pests, a few are natural enemies to beneficial insects, and some feed on plants and harm trees, pastures and medicinal seeds. The fig wasp is the only pollinator of this fruit. In pest control, bees are an important part of natural enemy factors, such as wheat aphid, various Trichogramma, Italian golden fly and apple yellow aphid, which have become several effective natural enemy bees in China. In addition, the rice leaf roller is the effective natural enemy of Chilo suppressalis, the rice leaf roller is an important parasitic bee of rice gall midge, and the rice leaf roller is the effective natural enemy of several scale insects.

5 branches

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Fig wasp family

Body length is about 2 mm, hermaphrodite, wingless, head horizontal and long, mask imprint is deep, front foot hollowed out. The length of tibiofibular joint of front and rear feet is only about 1/2 of the length of leg joint. The compound eye has a small degeneration, the abdomen is tapered, and the female maxilla is flat and long sickle-shaped, with short veins at the front flange and rear edge.

Trichogrammatidae

Medium size, 4 ~ 5 mm, hermaphrodite or deformed. The width of the front chest is similar to that of the middle chest, and the body has no metallic luster. The head and chest are often engraved with thick spots. The front view of the head is horizontal, and the antenna is embedded in the middle of the face. The longitudinal groove of the middle chest shield is obviously complete. Hermaphrodite male, antenna whip joint is handle-shaped, with long hair, long abdominal handle and short abdomen. 1 and 2 abdominal segments often cover other abdominal segments. Plant-eating or parasitic, such as Lepidoptera stinging bees and Lepidoptera rough-footed bees are beneficial parasitic bees; Robinia pseudoacacia seed bee and Plutella xylostella seed bee are pests that harm seeds.

Long tail wasp

The body length is about 5 mm, the basal joint of the hind foot is larger than that of the forefoot and midfoot, or triangular, and the leg joint is swollen and toothed, but the tibiofibular joint is not bent, and the abdomen is often flat. The ovipositor is at least as long as the abdomen of 1/2, and its body is metallic or brown. It feeds on plants (seeds or galls), and some species feed on moths, fly pupae and some bees. Philotrypesis lives in figs.

Village family

The undergraduate course is a small family with a medium size, and the shapes of basal ganglia and pterygoid veins of hind feet are similar to those of Vespidae. It is characterized by curved shape, slightly raised back, ossified body wall strength, short antenna, shallow longitudinal slot of shield shape, and no contraction of abdomen, but the back end is slender, the back is raised, and there are usually thick and peculiar punctate markings, especially for males, the female abdomen is slender, the terminal node is pointed, and the hip plate is short and extends downward (ventral surface).

Trichogrammatidae

Larger, about 5 mm long, bloated. The basal joints of the hind feet are dilated and thinned, and the leg joints are particularly dilated. There is often a row of dentate protrusions on the lower edge of the hind foot, and the tibial joint is often curved, which is suitable for hugging the lower edge of the leg joint when contracting. Some wings have degenerated veins, such as inferior marginal vein, marginal vein and nevus vein of the anterior wing. The longitudinal groove of the middle chest shield is complete, the end of the small shield is round or cut off, and the umbilical point is often engraved on the head and chest. The abdomen is short to long, and the abdomen is round to conical. Larvae and pupae of LEPIDOPTERA, COLEOPTERA, Diptera and HYMENOPTERA are used as hosts, such as LEPIDOPTERA and Trichogramma.

Trichogrammatidae

Medium and large, 3 ~ 14 mm long, with special shape, yellow and black body color, and the longitudinal folds of wings are very similar to those of wasps. There are some similarities with Vespidae, for example, the hind leg joints are swollen and serrated, but the ovipositor sheath is long and turns to the back, extending forward along the center of the abdomen and back, and even extending to the chest. The wasp takes the wasp larvae as the host and parasitizes in the host nest, and its adults are common in flowers of Umbelliferae.

Formicidae

Body length is about 5 mm, antenna 10 ~ 1 1, no link or knee shape, the chest is obviously raised, the chest and abdomen are undifferentiated from the back, teeth or branches extend from the end of the small shield to the left and right, the abdominal stalk is long, the abdomen is often flat, and 1 abdominal segment covers the rest abdominal segments. Take ants as hosts, such as Wusuli ants and Wusuli ant bees.