Microsoft: Sometimes abbreviated as MS, it is the name of Microsoft, the most famous software manufacturer in the world and the American software giant. MicroSoft is actually composed of two English words: Micro means "tiny", soft means "soft", and here it should be "software". As the name implies, Microsoft is a company specializing in the production of software. At present, more than 90% microcomputers are loaded with Microsoft operating systems, such as MS-DOS 6.22, Windows 3.2, Windows 95 and Windows NT.
Intel: Intel Corporation is the world's largest manufacturer of CPU and related chips. About 80% of computers use CPU produced by Intel. Its products range from the early 8088 to the current popular Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium MMX, Pentium II and so on.
Pentium, Pentium Pro and Intel Inside logo: all are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. Pentium (pronunciation /'pentj? M/) is a famous brand of CPU, which translates into "Pentium" in Chinese. People are full of praise for Pentium computers, and there are many discussions, because the Pentium CPU produced by Intel Corporation is installed in the computer.
AMD: The second largest CPU manufacturer in the world. Its main products are K5 and K6 MMX CPU series.
Cyrix:CPU manufacturer, whose main products are M 1, M2 MMX CPU series.
Epson: Epson, Japanese Epson printer manufacturer.
Hewlett-Packard: Hewlett-Packard is a famous manufacturer of HP printers and computers in the United States.
Canon: Canon, a famous printer trademark. A famous Japanese Canon printer manufacturer. Canon means "religious regulations and standards" in English. It can be seen that Canon made up its mind to regard its products as the "standard" of the industry at the beginning of its business.
Compaq: The Chinese translation is "Compaq". Compaq Computer Company of the United States is one of the largest computer companies in the world.
IBM: short for International Business Machines Corporation. IBM is an old American computer manufacturer, and its products are internationally renowned brands.
Apple: English means "Apple". Apple Computer Company of the United States is famous for producing high-performance professional computers.
Acer: A famous macro in Taiwan Province Province? Computer company.
Tulip: English means "tulip", which comes from a famous computer company in Europe-Tulip Computer Company.
Sony: Sony, Sony Corporation of Japan.
Toshiba: Toshiba, Japan Toshiba Computer Company, mainly produces notebook computers.
Philips: Philips is a Dutch company, which mainly produces color displays, optical drives and household appliances.
Sumsung: Samsung, South Korea's Samsung Company, is a famous manufacturer of color displays, and also produces optical drives and household appliances.
Second, the common hardware name and equipment name
CPU: Central processing unit, also known as CPU or microprocessor, is called the heart of computer.
RAM: random access memory, that is, people often say "memory".
ROM: read-only memory, read-only memory.
Expand data output, expand data output. With the improvement of CPU processing speed, the data transmission speed of DRAM is also required to be improved accordingly. Generally speaking, the data transmission speed of FPM (Fast Page Mode) DRAM is 60-70 ns, while the data transmission speed of Edo DRAM is three times faster than FPM, reaching 20ns. At present, SDRAM (synchronous DRAM) is the fastest, and its access speed is as high as 10ns.
SDRAM: Synchronous dynamic random access memory, synchronous dynamic random access memory, also called synchronous DRAM, is a new generation of dynamic memory. It can use the same clock as the CPU bus, so SDRAM memory can greatly improve the performance of the computer compared with EDO memory.
Cache: It means "cellar" in English. Store grain, equipment, etc. ); Artifact office. " Computer is a kind of cache memory, which is located between CPU and main memory DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory). It is a small and high-speed memory, usually composed of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory).
CMOS: the abbreviation of complementary metal oxide semiconductor, which means complementary metal oxide semiconductor (referred to as complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory). CMOS is a battery-powered memory (RAM) used by most computers at present. It is an important tool to determine the hardware configuration of the system, optimize the overall performance of the microcomputer and maintain the system. It saves some information about system hardware settings, which will continue to exist after shutdown (this is completely different from RAM). When the computer is turned on, it needs this information to start the system. If the information retained in CMOS is confused carelessly or accidentally, the computer system will not start normally.
PCI: Peripheral component interconnection, local bus (bus is a high-speed channel used by computers to transmit information from one device to another). PCI bus is an advanced bus structure at present, and its function has been greatly improved compared with other buses. It can support burst read and write operations, and the highest transmission rate can reach 132Mbps. It is one of the buses with the fastest data transmission speed, and can support multiple groups of peripheral devices at the same time. PCI is not limited by CPU processor and can be compatible with existing buses. The motherboard has a small slot and low cost, which is beneficial to popularization.
Seagate: American Seagate hard disk manufacturer. Seagate means "the gateway to the sea" in English, and also often refers to the canal leading to the sea.
Quantum: English means "quantity, total amount". Famous hard disk trademark, Quantum Company.
Maituo: "Crystal", American Maituo Hard Disk Company.
Ld: Laser disc, laser video disc, also known as laser video disc.
Cd: compact disc, compact disc, also called compact disc.
CD: CD-ROM, CD-ROM (memory), also known as "CD-ROM".
VCD: video disc, video disc, also known as "mini DVD".
DVD: Up to now, many people regard DVD as the abbreviation of digital video disc. In fact, since Sony/Philips and Toshiba/time warner Inc. reached a unified standard for DVD in September 1995, the connotation of DVD has changed greatly, becoming the English abbreviation of digital versatile disc. Universal "universal" means the diversification of DVD uses, which can be used not only for film and television entertainment, but also for multimedia computers and other fields. At present, it can be divided into five types according to the purpose: 1? DVD-ROM； for computer; 2? Home audio-visual CD-DVD- movie; 3? DVD audio; Used for music appreciation; 4? Write CD-rom-DVD-r once; 5? DVD-RAM, a CD that can be read and written many times.
Modem: Modem is an essential tool for home computers to surf the Internet, which can't be found in general English-Chinese dictionaries. It is the abbreviation of modulator and demodulator. Modem is an indispensable external device to realize computer communication. Because the data of a computer is a digital signal, it is necessary to convert the digital signal into an analog signal (modulation signal) suitable for transmission, so as to transmit it to another computer or other terminal (such as teletypewriter) in a long distance through a transmission line (such as a telephone line). At the receiving end, it is necessary to restore the received analog signal to the original digital signal, which requires the use of a modem.
UPS: abbreviation for uninterruptible power supply. It appears with the birth of computer, and it is one of the important peripheral devices of computer. UPS is a constant voltage and constant frequency uninterruptible power supply with energy storage devices and inverters as the main components, which is used to protect the computer from losing important data in case of sudden power failure.
TFT: Active matrix color display, referred to as TFT display, is specially used for notebook computers. TFT display screen has the advantages of fast refresh speed, bright color and bright brightness. In addition, it also has the necessary characteristics of "green computer" such as no flicker, no radiation and no static electricity.
Third, famous software products.
Disk operating system. Speaking of DOS, anyone with a little computer knowledge will know something about it. The main function of DOS is to manage the software and hardware resources of the computer, which is convenient for users to operate the computer. Using DOS to operate a computer requires users to remember a large number of commands and their correct formats, which is difficult to learn. The appearance of Windows (Microsoft Windows Operating System) marks the end of DOS era and the arrival of graphic operation computer era.
Windows: In the General English Dictionary, it is found that Windows means "window". Window refers to the mainstream "Windows operating system" of Microsoft's famous new generation computer. It controls the computer by selecting some graphic icons, windows and menus, which greatly facilitates users. Windows Windows operating system series products include Windows 3. 1, Windows 3.2, and Windows 95 (as this product was produced in 1995, it was named Windows 95, and it can also be written as Win95. PWindows 95 refers to the Chinese version of Windows 95), and the latest products with more powerful functions are Windows 98 and Windows 2000. Windows 95 is one of the most famous and popular graphic operating systems.
Windows NT: Microsoft's famous network Windows operating system. NT is the abbreviation of new technology.
Os/2 warp: operating system. It is a pure 32-bit operating system with excellent performance introduced by IBM. At the same time, it can provide perfect DOS support, and the overall technology is superior to Windows 95, which is a strong competitor of Windows 95. Warp in OS/2 Warp means "bending" in English; Distortion "refers to the alias added by IBM for its new generation operating system OS/2. Warp speed is Frankenstein in the famous American science fiction movie Star Wars. Comparing the software to Frankenstein in Star Wars not only gives people a feeling of surprise, but also hopes that users will transfer their fond memories of Star Wars to OS/2 software.
UNIX: a multi-user operating system.
UCDOS: A Chinese disk operating integrated system developed by Beijing Hope Computer Company, which is the most widely used and extensive Chinese platform at present.
WPS: Word Processing System is a Chinese character processing system based on DOS platform, which was developed by Hong Kong Jinsheng Company in 1989. It quickly occupied the market with its advantages of easy learning, practicality and convenience. In moderns of WPS in the past, when Chinese people mentioned computers, they were all associated with WPS. It was really "saying that computers must mention WPS". WPS once became synonymous with Chinese word processing software. In recent years, WPS is the designated content of the word processing exam in the National Computer Level 1 Examination.
WPS97: Word processing system, a word processing system produced by Zhuhai Golden Sun, was named WPS97 because it was listed in 1997. Is an upgraded product of WPS, which can run in UCDOS, Windows 3? Word processing software in Chinese environment such as X and Windows 95. It integrates the functions of WPS, electronic dictionary, Founder proofreading system, multi-internal code conversion and bar code production. It supports the word processing mode of what you see is what you get, while retaining the original text editing mode. It is a set of super office software with illustrations and powerful functions.
Office 97:Office means "office". This refers to Microsoft's advanced office integration software, 1997, so it was named Office97. Office 97 includes: Word 97 (word processing software), Excel 97 (spreadsheet processing software), PowerPoint 97 (electronic slide show software) and Outllook 97 (personal affairs management software integrating schedule management and email information exchange).
Word 97: Word means "word" in English. Word 97 refers to Microsoft advanced word processing software. Its series products include Word 5.0, Word 6.0 and Word 7.0.
Excel 97:Excel means "better than" in English. Excel 97 is a spreadsheet software in Microsoft Office 97 software package. At first, spreadsheets were only used as electronic versions of financial statements, that is, financial statements in computers were used to replace printed financial statements, and simple arithmetic operations could be performed on a row or a column of data in the tables. Microsoft Excel 97 is recognized as the most powerful, technologically advanced and convenient spreadsheet software.
Lotus 1-2-3: Lotus means "Lotus". Lotus 1-2-3 is an integrated software launched by American Lotus Company in Windows environment. It combines the common functions of spreadsheet, word processing, database, graphics software and file management into one system, and can transfer and call information to each other.
PhotoShop: press photos and shops (shops; Factory), it can be seen that Photoshop is a "photo processing factory". It is the most popular image editing software produced by Adobe Company in the United States. It runs on Macintosh and Windows-based computers, enabling people to edit paintings, artworks and pictures scanned to disk. In addition, Photoshop also provides a tool similar to drawing on paper, with which you can create naturalistic pictures like watercolors and oil paintings.
CorelDraw: It is a powerful comprehensive painting software, which is used by many professional computer art designers to make all kinds of illustrated desktop prints, such as invitations, briefings, promotional materials, posters, advertisements and so on. You can draw anything with CorelDraw: from technical drawings such as business district maps and mechanical structure assembly drawings to computer art works such as comics and monsters, CorelDraw can do almost anything. The graphics and characters it creates have the characteristics of smooth lines and clear wheel lines.
Authorware: by the author (writer; Creator) and commodity (commodity; Articles; Vessel) consists of two English words, as the name implies, "a tool used by writers to create goods". It is a multimedia system production tool developed by Macromedia Company in the United States. It has a professional version and a learning version (Authorware Star) under the Windows environment. Authorware is an icon-oriented multimedia production tool, which makes it possible for non-professionals to develop multimedia software quickly, and its powerful functions are amazing. It does not need traditional computer language programming, but only needs to call icons to edit some activity flow charts that control the direction of programs. By collecting various multimedia project data such as words, graphics, sounds, animations, videos, etc., the purpose of making multimedia software can be achieved. Authorware, the design idea of editing the flow chart by calling icons instead of traditional computer language programming, is its main feature. Its main function is: 1? The software has powerful interactive function and can control the program flow at will. 2? In the man-machine conversation, there are many ways to respond, such as pressing the key, pressing the mouse and limiting the time. 3? It also provides many system variables and functions to perform specific functions according to the user's response. 4? Compiled software can not only run in its integrated environment, but also be compiled into extensions? EXE file, running in Authorware production environment under Windows system.
Oracle Bone Inscriptions: English means "wise man, sage and philosopher". Computer English refers to the large-scale high-performance relational database system software developed by Oracle Company in the United States. Among many database systems, such as DB2 database of IBM company and Sybase database of Sybase company, only Oracle database system is widely praised for its excellent and stable performance, reliable security, strong networking ability and rich and rapid development tools. Therefore, it has always accounted for more than 40% of global database sales and has always been in the leading position in the database industry. It won almost all awards in numerous evaluations and was praised as "the giant of database industry" by PC MAGAZINE, the most famous computer review magazine in the United States. In China, with the development of computer technology, Oracle database has been widely used and popularized.
PCTools: personal computer tools, personal computer tools. It is a computer maintenance tool exported by American Central Point Software Company, which integrates file management and disk management, simplifies and strengthens routine applications, and is a set of multifunctional practical software. Using PCTools can replace many commands of DOS. Compared with DOS, its operation is easier, more intuitive and simpler, and it is a common tool software for computers.
NU: short for Norton Utility Company. Norton is a famous computer expert. Utility means "utility" in English This refers to the personal computer tool software written by Mr. Norton to solve the problems existing in DOS system. Its plural form can be regarded as a set of software for personal computer tools. NU is another powerful and popular computer maintenance tool after PCTools. Ordinary users can use NDD(Norton Disk Doctor), the most famous tool of NU, to solve most disk problems. Professionals can use the flexible and powerful DiskEdit tool to solve the problem of professional data maintenance.
CSC: Smart Software Company, "Smart Software Company". This is a set of computer tutoring software developed by Beijing Kelihua Education Software Company.
Fourth, the famous computer language
VF: also written as VFP, the abbreviation of Visual FoxPro. Visual means "vision" and Fox means "fox" in English. Originally referred to as Fox Database Software Company of the United States, it has been acquired by Microsoft. Pro is short for Progress, which means "by going up one flight of stairs". Visual FoxPro is a powerful, visual and object-oriented database programming language developed by Microsoft on the basis of FoxPro, and it is also a powerful database management system.
VC: Visual C++, an advanced visual computer programming language of Microsoft Corporation. C language is called one of the greatest contributions to computer programming in recent ten years. It is simple and easy to use in high-level languages, and can do a lot of work that assembly languages can do. Therefore, C language is especially suitable for writing all kinds of complicated software. If BASIC is a programming language for beginners and amateurs, then C is a programming language for professionals.
VB: the abbreviation of Visual Basic, which is an advanced visual computer programming language of Microsoft Corporation. BASIC is the abbreviation of general symbol instruction code for beginners. Quick BASIC, Ture BASIC, etc. have been introduced from Basic, and the latest is Visual Basic introduced by Microsoft. This is a powerful object-oriented visual programming language.
Delphi: Pronunciation/'Delphi/,Delphi, the name of an ancient Greek city, was regarded by the ancient Greeks as the center of the world and was famous for the temple of Apollo. In computer English, it refers to a visual, object-oriented and event-driven computer programming language of Borland Company.
Java: pronunciation /'d? A: v? The New English-Chinese Dictionary is translated as Java Island (Indonesia), Java Coffee. Computer English refers to a new object-oriented programming language introduced by Sun Company. Java integrates many features, such as object-oriented, platform-independent, stable, secure, multithreading and so on. , and added the functions of exception handling and network programming, which is especially suitable for the development of Internet applications and the key to realize the concept of "one world, one network". All kinds of software written in Java can really be written once and run anywhere, that is, the same software can run on different computers, whether it is PC, Mac, UNIX computer, set-top box, PDA (Personal Data Assistant) or even intelligent components.
Structured query language. SQL is a concise set-oriented language in relational database management system. It queries one or more data tables and generates a result data table.
Five, common important computer English and its abbreviations
PC: Personal computer, personal computer, also known as microcomputer or microcomputer.
NC: network computer.
Multimedia personal computer.
MMX is the abbreviation of multimedia extension, which is an important feature of the sixth generation CPU chip. MMX technology adds 57 instructions specially designed for video signal, audio signal and graphic manipulation to CPU, so MMX CPU greatly improves the multimedia processing functions of computer (such as stereo, video, three-dimensional animation, etc. ).
Intel Pentium 166 MHz mmxtm: Intel Pentium is a Pentium CPU produced by Intel Corporation. ? It means "registered" (registered trademark). 166MHz refers to the CPU clock frequency, and MHz is the abbreviation of megahertz. TM in MMXTM is the abbreviation of "Trade Mark", which means "registered trademark".
OOP: object-oriented programming, object-oriented programming. The so-called "object" is a collection of one or a group of data and the methods and processes for processing these data. Object-oriented programming is completely different from traditional process-oriented programming, which greatly reduces the difficulty of software development and makes programming as simple as building blocks. This is an irresistible trend of computer programming today.
28VGA: 28 refers to the yellow dot spacing (dot spacing) on a color display. The smaller the dot spacing, the finer and better the image. This is because each pixel on the color screen is composed of a set of red, green and blue light. Because the three beams of light can't converge to one point technically, there will be a yellow dot spacing. VGA is the abbreviation of video graphics array.
FAT: allocation table, file allocation table. Its function is to record how files are scattered and stored in different sectors on the hard disk.
EPA: the abbreviation of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1992, the US Environmental Protection Agency announced the "Energy Star" program, which received a positive response from the international community. As long as you start the computer, you can see the "Energy Star" sign on the screen in a few seconds. The goal of ENERGY STAR is to automatically enter a low-power state when all components of the computer system are inactive and when the initiative of the components is restored (i.e. when the keyboard, mouse, etc.). Used), the computer system will automatically return to the fully awake state. For products that meet the Energy Star standard, EPA will issue the Energy Star logo "EPA anti-pollution products", which means "anti-pollution and energy-saving products approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency".
IC card: smart card, smart card.
ATX: A new structural specification for computer chassis, motherboard and power supply.
IDE: Integrated circuit device or smart disk device.
Dynamic link library, dynamic link library.
Kb: kilobytes, and KB stands for kilobytes. K=Kilo, combined form, indicating "thousands; Kilometer; Kilogram; Kilometers. " B=Byte, which means "byte", is the smallest storage unit in a computer (one byte can store one English letter and every two bytes can store one Chinese character).
MB: megabyte, MB stands for megabyte. M=Mega, a combination form, meaning "trillion"; Millions. "
Gb: gigabyte, and GB stands for gigabyte. G=Giga, a word-forming component, meaning auspicious; Billion ".
Cai: computer-aided teaching or computer-aided teaching, computer-aided teaching. It will be the most important and popular teaching method in 2 1 century.
CAD: computer-aided design, computer-aided design.
Iso: international organization for standards. ISO introduced ISO 9000 series international standards on quality management and quality assurance in 1987, and issued revised standards in 1994. Among them, the main standards that constitute ISO 9000 series standards are: 1. 2. т 9001:1994 "Quality System-Quality Assurance Model for Design, Development, Production, Installation and Service". 3. т 9002:1994 "Quality System-Quality Assurance Mode of Final Inspection and Test".
3DS or 3D Studio: A 3D studio, a 3D studio. It is a set of multifunctional 3D animation software which integrates solid modeling, static coloring and animation creation, and has greatly popularized 3D modeling technology. It can exchange graphic information with AutoCAD, use scanner to input graphics, and output animation to TV or video tape through VGA and TV conversion interface.
VR: Virtual reality, also known as 3D, evolved from the air force flight simulator. Basically, it uses the principle of alternating left and right visual spaces to display images to produce stereoscopic effects. In fact, it has gone beyond the scope of image processing, and it is a computer-generated environment integrating light, sound and image. People can interact with objects in the virtual environment as in real life, and the application prospect of virtual reality is extremely broad.
OCR: the abbreviation of optical character recognition, which means that text materials are input as computer image files through a scanner, recognized as Chinese or English internal codes by software, and then processed. Because of the randomness of handwriting, OCR is mainly limited to the recognition of printed characters at present. At present, TH-OCR NT for Windows produced by Tsinghua Wentong Company represents the highest accuracy of Chinese OCR recognition.
SCSI: Small computer system interface, which seems to solve many connection problems between external devices and computers.
OEM: original equipment manufacturer, original equipment manufacturer.
Microsoft OEM: Microsoft OEM products. Refers to the software operating system pre-installed on the microcomputer, including Windows98, Windows NT, WorkStation and Windows3. X and MS-DOS.
Management information system. Widely used in all walks of life, the most famous management information systems in China are "Wangte MIS", "Yaqi MIS" and "Aauto Quicker MIS".
PNP: Plug and play, plug and play, which is an important technical feature of Window98. The so-called plug and play refers to the technology that the operating system automatically sets the system structure when installing peripheral devices such as PC cards that meet PNP standards to the computer. In other words, when installing new hardware, users do not need to set any jumper switches, nor do they need to configure interrupt request (IRQ), memory address or direct memory access (DMA) channel with software. Windows98 will notify applications of new changes in hardware devices and automatically coordinate conflicts among IRQ, memory address and DMA channel.
OLE: object linking and embedding, object linking and embedding, referred to as OLE technology. OLE is not only the integration of desktop applications, but also defines and implements a mechanism that allows applications to "connect" with each other as software "objects" (functions of data collection and data manipulation). This connection mechanism and protocol is called component object model, or COM for short. OLE can be used to create compound document. Compound document contains applications created from different sources and has different types of data, so it can combine words, sounds, images and tables.
Midi: musical instrument digital interface. It is one of the basic terms of multimedia. MIDI files are played and recorded by electronic instruments such as electronic organ, guitar and saxophone. It can be played on most multimedia computer sound cards. Even if you don't create your own MIDI file, you can use the existing MIDI file as the background music of multimedia presentation. MIDI file only stores the description of sound, and produces the real sound that people want to hear according to the synthesizer (FM or waveform table) of sound card.
MPEG: Short for Moving Picture Expert Group, which means "Moving Picture Expert Group". It is a compression coding standard for moving images and their accompanying sounds in multimedia computers, usually called MPEG standard. It includes three parts: MPEG audio, MPEG video and MPEG system.
Intransitive Verb Network English
Internet: the abbreviation of InternetNet, the Internet, also known as the Internet. The advanced research program, which originated from the U.S. Department of Defense, was in 1969. Its original purpose was only to share the data of remote computers, and later it developed into an endless super-large network by connecting computers and computer networks all over the world. The main services of the Internet include: e-mail, Telnet, Finger, File Transfer (FTP), Document Server (Archive), News Forum (Newsgroup), bulletin board system (BBS), Newsgroup and World Wide Web (WWW for short).
BBS: bulletin board system, bulletin board system or bulletin board system, also known as public access message system, is a public access information system. This is an electronic version of the ordinary bulletin board. Users can post messages through bulletin boards. Any user can read messages on the bulletin board and send messages to specific people or user groups. Bulletin board system is widely used to spread information. Looking up bulletin board system is usually faster and more efficient than using interactive mailboxes or public postal systems to send announcements.
E-mail: E-mail is an interactive service that uses the Internet to exchange text information. Internet users all over the world can send and receive emails.
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