1. The origin of "Blessed White Chrysanthemum".
Chrysanthemum is one of the top ten famous traditional flowers in my country and one of the "Four Gentlemen" of flowers. According to the "Compendium of Materia Medica", feverfew has the effects of dispersing wind, clearing heat, improving eyesight and detoxifying, and is called a "broad-spectrum antibiotic" by the traditional Chinese medicine community. The Fubai chrysanthemum originally grew wild on a strange peak in the Dabie Mountains. In the third year of Emperor Taizong's reign in the Song Dynasty (AD 997), Taoist priests from Chunyang Temple, a famous temple in Futian River, transplanted it around Chunyang Mountain. "Qi" (recorded in Macheng County Chronicles) was transplanted to the front yard of the court by Taoist believers who went up the mountain to the temple. The planters first viewed it and later harvested it to make tea and wine. They gradually discovered that its medicinal, dietary and health care effects were obvious, and it was As a "medicinal delicacy, the best drink". By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, under the active advocacy of senior officials and celebrities from Futianhe such as Dongge University Scholar Zheng Yiwei, Shanxi Governor Mei Guozhen, and Yushi Mei Zhihuan, some people in Futianhe had expanded the scope of chrysanthemum planting from their courtyards to their fields. He also worked out a set of experience in farming, breeding, baking and storing Fubaiju. Fubaiju began to be used as valuable tribute gifts by local officials, and was transported to Jinling, Kaifeng and other places by smart businessmen and sold at high prices.
During the Great Revolution, the Fourth Red Army was established in Futian River, Macheng, and moved to Macheng, Hong'an, and Xinxian. The people of Futianhe gave Fubaiju to the Red Army. When Red Army soldiers were injured, they used Fu Baiju to clean their wounds, and when they were thirsty, they used Fu Baiju to make tea and drink it, which was deeply loved by the majority of soldiers. In the winter of 1957, when Xu Shiyou, then Deputy Minister of National Defense and Commander of the Nanjing Military Region, returned to his hometown of Xujiawa, Tianpu Township, Xinxian County, Henan Province (formerly part of Macheng, Hubei Province), he passed by his grandmother's house in Xianyangyan, Futian River, Macheng, and visited his grandmother's house. He was full of praise for the chrysanthemum tea and ordered the guards to take a few kilograms of chrysanthemums back to Nanjing for drinking.
Since the reform and opening up, Macheng City has always insisted on focusing on chrysanthemum as a leading agricultural industry. It has listed the chrysanthemum industry as one of Macheng’s “six hundred-mile characteristic economic sectors” and has given vigorous support to projects and funds. support. The city has also actively carried out technical training for chrysanthemum farmers and established a chrysanthemum association. The quality and output of Fubai chrysanthemum have increased year by year. By 2000, Futianhe had become one of the "three major chrysanthemum bases in the country". In 2005, there were 16,000 Fubai chrysanthemum planting households in the city, with an output of more than 1,300 tons and an output value of more than 50 million yuan.
In recent years, chrysanthemum merchants from all over the country have gathered in Macheng City to trade Fubaiju. The city has also registered more than 10 chrysanthemum product trademarks, and the city has implemented standardized planting and processing under the guidance of the Good Manufacturing Practice for Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials (GAP). 8 chrysanthemum processing enterprises have been established successively, producing more than 20 varieties of Fubai chrysanthemum tea beverage series. In 2003, Futianhe Town introduced Fuhai Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. through investment promotion, and invested 7.2 million yuan to build the Fubaiju Industrial Park covering an area of ??13.5 acres. It has obtained independent import and export rights, and has built 3 chrysanthemum greening production lines and 12 There are 2 baking rooms, a 250-ton chrysanthemum cold storage, 2 processing and packaging workshops, and 1 warehouse. Hubei Phoenix Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a member company of Fu Bai Chrysanthemum Industry Association, is also using its GMP workshop for deep processing of chrysanthemum health drinks, and is also in the process of reaching production orders with a number of domestic and foreign merchants.
2. Identification of the original specimen of "Fubaiju" and its official scientific name.
Chrysanthemum′fubaiju′
Also known as Futian white chrysanthemum, Hubei chrysanthemum, and chamomile, it is a white chrysanthemum produced in the northern mountainous area of ??Macheng City, Hubei Province, centered on Futianhe Town. . After identification by scientific research experts such as Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hubei Agricultural College, we have identified the original specimen of Fubai chrysanthemum as: Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, a composite plant collected from the mountainous area in the northern part of Macheng, Hubei Province, centered on Futianhe Town. The flower heads are processed locally according to traditional or modern techniques, and have quality characteristics such as "large and plump flowers, jade-white petals, dark yellow stamens, clear, golden and green liquid, fragrant air, and sweet and mellow taste". It is a Chinese herbal medicine with both medicinal and food uses.
3. The specific quality and cultural connotation of "Fubaiju"
(1) The specific geographical location and geographical environment form the unique quality characteristics of "Fubaiju".
Futianhe Town, Macheng City, Hubei Province, which mainly produces Futianhe Town, is a mountainous area just north of Macheng. It is located in the sunny area at the southern foot of the Yangtze-Huaihe River watershed in the Dabie Mountains. The landform follows the mountain topography of the Dabie Mountains and other mountains, gradually from north to south. The basic topographic characteristics of the area are "seven mountains, one water and two fields", where the valleys are wide and the hills are wide, and the valleys, ridges and valleys are intertwined. The slope is 5-24 degrees, and the altitude is 100 m to 1000 m. These specific geographical features create a good microclimate for chrysanthemums and other Asteraceae plants. This is also the source of the Jiushui River. The water quality is good and there is no industrial pollution. The soil has the typical yellow-brown soil characteristics of excessive transition from north to south. The soil layer is deep and has good moisture retention. The soil organic matter content is 1.5%, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen 82ppm, and organic phosphorus. 11.9ppm, effective potassium 165ppm. The best planting areas for chrysanthemums are hills and valleys between 200 m and 800 m above sea level. A research report by experts such as Zhan Yahua and Chen Keli of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine shows that the Dabie Mountains in Mabei, centered on Futianhe Town, are very suitable for the growth of Fubai chrysanthemum. In particular, the hilly and valley areas with an altitude of 200m to 800m are the best planting areas. More than 95% of the area in Mabei mountainous areas such as Futian River belongs to the best planting area for chrysanthemums.
(2) The specific climate environment maintains the unique natural properties of "Fu Baiju".
Futianhe Town and other Mabei areas belong to the transition zone from subtropical to temperate climates and have a continental humid monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 13-16 degrees Celsius, the monthly average maximum temperature in July is 25.9-28.2 degrees Celsius, and the extreme maximum temperature 38-41 degrees Celsius, extreme minimum temperature -6--16 degrees Celsius. The average annual sunshine hours range from 1634 to 2229 hours; the amount of solar radiation ranges from 96.0 to 112.5 kcal/cm2. The average annual precipitation ranges from 1112.2 to 1688.7 mm; the frost-free period throughout the year is 237 days. It has the characteristics of four distinct seasons, moderate precipitation, and synchronized water, light and heat, which is very suitable for the growth and development of chrysanthemums. The quality of Fubaiju produced in Futianhe and other areas has been repeatedly measured by scientific research institutions such as Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Comparisons with Hangzhou Baiju, Huangshan Gongju, Chuju and other chrysanthemums have shown that Fubaiju has better quality, better taste, and overall quality. Especially the content of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid far exceeds that of other chrysanthemums. Since the city has been in a long-term state of pure agricultural production, with almost no industrial pollution, and in recent years our city has vigorously promoted the standardization of Fubai chrysanthemum planting, so that the heavy metal content and pesticide residues of Fu Bai chrysanthemum are far lower than the national approval standards, and even meet the more stringent standards. standards of Japan and other countries. At the beginning of the year, through the Guangdong Mingfeng Tea Company, the Chrysanthemum Association signed production orders for Fuchsia chrysanthemum with Japan and Southeast Asian countries, and established a 500-acre pollution-free production base.
(3) Specific and standardized planting and cultivation patterns and processing methods have formed the unique nutritional composition and taste characteristics of "Fubaiju".
In December 2001, the "Fubaiju GAP Research Demonstration" jointly undertaken by Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Macheng Science and Technology Bureau, and Macheng Futianhe Town People's Government "Base" was officially identified as a major scientific and technological project in Hubei Province by four units including the Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Planning Commission, Food and Drug Administration, and Department of Agriculture, and was included in the topic of "Research and Demonstration Base Construction of Standardized Planting of Authentic Medicinal Materials (GAP) in Hubei Province" implementation plan. The GAP working group is led by Professor Chen Keli of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Participants include: Professors Zhan Yahua and Chen Keli of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Professors Zhu Duanwei and Wang Mo of Huazhong Agricultural University, Researcher Wang Keqin of Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Meteorology Senior engineer of Bureau Crisis Wanhu, as well as a group of doctoral and master students. After three years of hard work, on August 30, 2004, the Fubaiju GAP project successfully passed the expert acceptance organized by the Provincial Department of Science and Technology. Through the advancement of this major scientific research project, the level and level of the Fubaiju industry has been more effectively improved.
First, we have carried out three consecutive years of monitoring of the ecological environment of the origin of Fuchsia, and completed relevant geographical, climate, and phenological observations.
The second is to investigate the germplasm resources of chrysanthemum, determine the germplasm standard of chrysanthemum, determine the chrysanthemum type and category affiliation, variety purity, variety excellence, and complete the drawing of the fingerprint of chrysanthemum. . Formulate cultivating and weeding methods and study chrysanthemum division topping methods.
The third is to summarize the traditional planting experience and formulate the SOP of Fubaiju through research and analysis. Research on standardization of seedlings has been carried out, research on cutting propagation and division propagation has been completed, and research on seed propagation has been carried out.
The field management operating procedures of Fubaiju were formulated. Develop comprehensive prevention and control strategies such as the use of low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides, crop rotation, and soil fertilizers.
Fourthly, based on the nutritional characteristics of parthenium, the fertility status of the local soil and the principle of balanced fertilization, research on special fertilizers for chrysanthemums was carried out, and a special fertilizer formula was formed, and the patent is pending. Research on selenium-containing fertilizers has been carried out to develop new medicinal properties in fertilization.
Fifth, based on the planting and processing methods of authentic medicinal materials, the "Fubai Chrysanthemum Grade Classification Standard (Trial)" (2004) was formulated, and operating procedures for chrysanthemum harvesting and processing management were formulated, and the harvesting time and Processing methods such as fixing and drying were explored.
In order to transform these research results into specific industrial technologies, the municipal party committee and municipal government organized chrysanthemum farmers to carry out extensive training on chrysanthemum planting technology, so that more than 10,000 chrysanthemum farmers in the city can fully master chrysanthemum planting and processing. Using new technologies, the Macheng City Fubai Chrysanthemum Industry Association was established to guide the development direction of the city's chrysanthemum industry. In December 2005, Fubaiju passed the local standards of Hubei Province formulated by the Hubei Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision.
In order to ensure the quality assurance stipulated in the "Fubaiju" certification mark, the Fubaiju Industry Association hired doctoral supervisors from Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the School of Resources and Environment of Huazhong Agricultural University as technical consultants to guide the construction of the Fubaiju quality control system. Under the leadership of the member company Hubei Phoenix Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., it has actively established an experimental testing laboratory with high-precision detection capabilities for detecting the content of total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and other drugs in Fructus Chrysanthemum. For the testing of pesticide residues and heavy metal content, the Huanggang Quality Inspection Institute with inspection qualifications designated by the Huanggang Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision will conduct the testing.
Chrysanthemum production in the city is all implemented in accordance with provincial local standards (DB42/334-2005). Good and standardized planting and processing technology ensure the specific nutritional composition and taste characteristics of Fubaiju. Experts from scientific research institutions such as Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine have identified Fubaiju as sweet and bitter in taste and slightly cold in nature. It has the functions of nourishing the liver and improving eyesight, dispelling wind and clearing away heat, detoxifying and reducing swelling. Mainly used to treat wind-heat cold, dizziness, headache, tinnitus, red and swollen eyes, sore throat, boils, etc. Long-term drinking of chrysanthemum tea can clear the mind and improve eyesight, relieve heat and troubles, calm the liver and reduce fire, purify the five internal organs, detoxify and keep fit, improve intelligence and prolong life, and prevent many diseases. It can alleviate the condition of patients with coronary heart disease and has inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, influenza virus, etc. It has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-free radical effects, and is very effective in inhibiting viruses such as SARS.
(4) The profound cultural connotation of more than a thousand years has accumulated the specific humanistic characteristics of "Fubaiju".
There is this record in "Book of Rites·Yue Ling": "In the autumn month, the chrysanthemums have yellow flowers." Wang Shuzhi of the Jin Dynasty had this praise for chrysanthemums in "Lan Que Ming": "Orchids are blooming in spring, and chrysanthemums are blooming in autumn. They are fragrant and fragrant, and the flowers are bright and colorful. Which one is fragrant and sweet in the quiet."
The first poet to write poems and poems about the white chrysanthemum was Su Shi, a literary giant of the generation. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou. During this period, he was invited many times by Chen Jichang, a celebrity from Macheng, to the Mabei Mountains to appreciate chrysanthemums. Su Shi described the benefits of drinking white chrysanthemum in his "Poem of Chrysanthemum Soup for Late Eating": "There is an aftertaste when sipping, and it is more fragrant than autumn orchid. The gods are bold and bold, and the hair is solemn... The grandeur nourishes the tranquility, and the common people prolong their decadence."< /p>
Li Zhi, a famous progressive thinker in the Ming Dynasty, once lived in seclusion in Longtan, Macheng. Because he admired the name of Xiaolongtan at the foot of Chunyang Mountain on the Futian River, he took several disciples to visit Longtan in late autumn and accidentally saw the white chrysanthemums near Chunyang Mountain. I was very pleasantly surprised when it was in full bloom, so I imitated Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and "picked chrysanthemums under the eastern fence" and drank chrysanthemum tea at a nearby house, which was full of praise. This period of history was recorded in detail in his "Travel to Xiaolongtan".
Mei Guozhen, the governor of Shanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty, praised Fubaiju like this: "The seedlings can be used as vegetables, the leaves can be sipped, the flowers can be decorated, the roots can be used as medicine, the bags can be used as pillows, and the brew can be drunk. In the end, there will be no merit."
Yu Chenglong, who was hailed as "the most honest official" by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, often went to Macheng to investigate cases when he was the Tongzhi of Huangzhou Prefecture, and accidentally drank it. After blessing the white chrysanthemum, he recited the "Poetry of Chrysanthemums": "If you want to know, you will see the flowers only when the grass is destroyed." Zheng Yiwei, a scholar from Dongge University in Macheng, and Mei Zhihuan, a famous poet, even wrote about blessings in their poems. White chrysanthemum has made a great reputation.
During the Revolutionary War, Fu Baiju also added luster to the red land of Futian River. In January 1931, the First Red Army operating in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui border area and the transferred Fifteenth Army met in Zhuyuan, Shangnan, and marched to Futian River nearby. They were jointly organized into the Fourth Red Army, with Kuang Jixun as commander. Xu Xiang was the former chief of staff, with an army of about 12,500 people.
Futian River became the birthplace of the Fourth Red Army, and the people in Futian River Old Street once entertained the young soldiers with chrysanthemum tea and recovered soldiers suffering from eye diseases and swollen throats. Xu Xiangqian and other old marshals have recorded these in their memoirs. Macheng generals Wang Shusheng, Chen Zaidao, Xu Shiyou, etc. were particularly fond of the Fubaiju produced in Mabei.
For more than a thousand years, Macheng people’s love for chrysanthemums also contains special humanistic connotations. Due to the influence of Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, chrysanthemums were known as the "hermit among flowers" and were famous for being aloof and noble. Influenced by famous doctors such as Li Shizhen, chrysanthemums also had the property of "exorcizing evil". Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people in Macheng (especially in the Mabei mountainous areas such as Futian River) have gradually formed the custom of climbing high to pick chrysanthemums during the Double Ninth Festival. Every year around the Spring Festival, folk songs and dances such as the Lotus and Xiang Dance and Huatiao are performed in various places to celebrate blessings. The white chrysanthemum pattern is decorated with the content of singing about the lucky white chrysanthemum. In addition, the name of the lucky white chrysanthemum contains the word "福", which adds a festive and peaceful "blessing" to the lucky white chrysanthemum. There are also more folk songs singing about the lucky white chrysanthemum.
In recent years, in order to comprehensively improve the cultural taste of Fubaiju and expand the popularity of Fubaiju, the Macheng City Party Committee, the Municipal Government, and the Municipal Fubaiju Association have held chrysanthemum cultural festivals every year, setting off folk chrysanthemum literary and artistic creation activities one after another. climax. The municipal government, township governments, associations and enterprises have also established chrysanthemum websites one after another, creating a broad platform for Fubaiju to go out of the Dabie Mountains and to the world.
Today, when we are building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and building a new socialist countryside, Fubaiju, a characteristic brand and industry, is even more important. What is worthy of pride and joy is that Fubaiju has become a veritable industry for farmers in the city. Fubaiju Industry Association was also awarded the title of "Top 30 Advanced Rural Professional Cooperative Economic Organizations in Hubei Province" by the Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture, the Department of Civil Affairs, and the Provincial Administration of Industry and Commerce.
Facing the new situation, as an ancient green brand, Fubaiju, which has been popular for thousands of years, is facing good development opportunities to go out of the Dabie Mountains, go abroad, and travel across the ocean. To this end, we will continue to work hard to improve our strength, especially taking the application for certification trademarks as a new starting point, carry out work creatively, and effectively advocate the city's chrysanthemum farmers and merchants to build the Fubaiju brand with integrity. Once the certification trademark application is successful, we will comprehensively control the trademark use application, planting and production, product inspection, and annual review to ensure that users of the Fubaiju trademark are honest and trustworthy, and to eliminate adulteration, substandard goods, and short-term inspections. Fraudulent behaviors such as Jin Shaoliang have really polished the brand of Fubaiju and made Fubaiju famous for thousands of miles.