Belongs to: Hancheng City, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province

Hancheng City is located in the northeast corner of the Guanzhong Plain, more than 240 kilometers away from the provincial capital Xi'an, bordering Yichuan to the north, Huanglong to the west, and Heyang to the south. Across the Yellow River to the east, it faces Hejin, Xiangning, Wanrong and other counties and cities in Shanxi Province. It is located at 35.18'50"～35 52'08" north latitude and 110.7'19"～110 37'24" east longitude. The longest point from north to south is 50.2 kilometers, and the widest point from east to west is 42.5 kilometers. The total border length is 168 kilometers. The total area is 1,621 square kilometers, accounting for 0.79% of the area of ??Shaanxi Province, with 420,000 acres of arable land. The topography is "seven mountains, one water, and two fields." It has jurisdiction over 7 townships (Qiao Zixuan, Weidong, Banqiao, Xuefeng, Wangfeng, Panlong, Duquan), 7 towns (Longting, Zhichuan, Zhiyang, Xizhuang, Zancun, Longmen, Sangshuping), and 2 street services Department (Jincheng, Xincheng), the city has jurisdiction over 33 neighborhood committees, 276 villagers committees, and 1,251 villager groups. The total population of Hancheng City is 385,735, including 264,479 agricultural population and 121,256 non-agricultural population. In October 1983, it was removed from the county and established as a city. In 1985, it was approved by the State Council as a city open to the outside world. In December 1986, it was named a national historical and cultural city. In 2006, it was named an outstanding tourist city in China.

History and Culture

Historical Evolution

At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the country was sealed by the Marquis of Han. Shaoliang County was established in the Wei Dynasty during the Warring States Period, and Xiayang County was established in the ninth year of King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (329 BC). Wang Mang changed its name to Jiting County. In the first year of Jianwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25), it was renamed Xiayang County. In the second year of Emperor Ming of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (558 AD), Xia Yang was deposed and moved to Yang County. In the 18th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty (598 AD), Hancheng County was established. In the second year of Tangtian Dynasty (905 AD), the name was changed to Hanyuan County. In the first year of Tang Tiancheng's reign in the Five Dynasties (AD 926), Hancheng County was restored. Liberated in March 1948. Hancheng City was established in October 1983 as a municipality under the jurisdiction of Weinan.

History and Culture

Hancheng has a long history. There have been human activities since the Paleolithic Age. It has many historical figures and a collection of cultural relics. It is the "hometown of literature and history" and "the most cultural relics in Guanzhong". "The reputation. World cultural celebrities Sima Qian, Zhao Wu during the Spring and Autumn Period, Wang Jie, the famous prime minister during the Qianlong period, and Du Pengcheng, a famous modern writer, were all born in Hancheng. Hancheng currently has 182 cultural relics protection units at all levels and various types, with more than 10,000 cultural relics in its collection, including 7 national key cultural relics (Sima Qian Tomb, Dayu Temple, Wei Great Wall Site, Confucian Temple, Dangjia Village Ancient Houses, Puzhao Temple, City God's Temple). Ancient buildings of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties are scattered throughout urban and rural areas, among which the buildings of the Yuan Dynasty are the best in Shaanxi. The Puzhao Temple located in Zancun Town, Hancheng City is known as the Shaanxi Yuan Dynasty Architecture Museum. Hancheng is known as "Little Beijing". The courtyard residential buildings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are well preserved, especially Dangjia Village. It is praised by domestic and foreign experts as "the treasure of the world's residential buildings" and "the living fossil of human civilization". Hancheng's cultural heritage is extremely rich, and the most representative ones include door lintel inscriptions, hundreds of gongs and drums, Shushen Tower, Yangko, etc. In recent years, the tourism industry in Hancheng City has developed rapidly based on its rich cultural relic resources. It has initially formed a tourism pattern of the South Sima Qian Tomb, the Middle Ancient City, Dangjia Village, and North Longmen, and has been integrated into the Shaanxi Province Tourism Eastern Ring Road.

The two-week ancient tombs in Liangdai Village, Hancheng City are located in Zancun Town, Hancheng City, 7 kilometers away from the urban area. In April 2005, the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau began to excavate it. This ancient tomb complex is 600 meters long from east to west and 550 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of ??330,000 square meters. Currently, there are 95 tombs and 64 chariot and horse pits, including 7 large tombs. Since the excavation started in May last year, the excavation of K1, M19, and M26 (M stands for "tomb" and K stands for "pit") has been completed, and tomb M27 is being cleaned.

The grave goods in the three large tombs that have been excavated are extremely luxurious, and the excavation has yielded significant harvests. A large number of rare cultural relics such as gold, jade, copper, lacquer, stone, and iron have been unearthed, many of which have been discovered for the first time in China. In particular, the funerary objects found in M27 are extremely rich, may be of earlier age, or may be better preserved, which also reflects that the owner of the tomb was identified as a king of a generation.

The tombs excavated this time are well-preserved, and there are inscribed bronzes. The country of the tomb and many mysteries of history, culture and handicrafts will be solved, especially the cultural connotation, lineage, location and other major issues of the ancient Rui country. Its mystery will gradually be revealed. The bronze ritual vessels unearthed from the three large tombs, especially the shapes and decorations of tripods, guis, square pots and retorts. According to previous chronological research results on bronze ritual vessels, the three large tombs in Liangdai Village are dated to the early Spring and Autumn Period.

The two-week cemetery in Liangdai Village, Hancheng is large in scale, high-level, complete in layout and well-preserved. It has rarely been stolen in history. The discovery of such a cemetery is the first time in our province and the first time in the country. Is rare. The archeology of the two-week period in Hancheng City mainly focuses on site investigation. The excavation of tombs during the two-week period is basically blank, and very few cemeteries of the same period have been discovered in Shaanxi Province. Therefore, the high-level of the two-week period in Liangdai Village discovered this time The aristocratic cemetery is of great value to understand and study the archaeological culture of the Zhou Dynasty in Shaanxi and along the Yellow River, the burial system and social history from the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period.

The two-week site in Liangdai Village was rated as one of the “Top Ten National Archaeological Discoveries in 2005” in May this year; at the same time, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage also listed the ancient tombs in Liangdai Village as the sixth Approved as a national key cultural relic protection unit. (Reported on all major websites in Hancheng)

Mineral Resources

Hancheng is located in the inner bend of the eastern edge of the forearc of the Qi, Lu, and Heshan shaped structures and Xinhuaxia In the eastern part of the third sedimentary belt of the system, and between the two latitudinal structural belts of Qinling Mountains and Yinshan Mountains, relatively abundant mineral resources have been deposited during the long-term geological structural evolution. The types include: coal, iron, limestone, dolomite, Bauxite, clay, marble, quartz sandstone, sand, apatite associated with coal and iron, rare dispersed elements, etc. Among them, coal reserves reach 10.3 billion tons, of which 2.774 billion tons have been proven, accounting for 35.5% of the Weibei coalfield. The remaining reserves of iron ore are 30.14 million tons, and the reserved reserves of bauxite are 195,800 tons. Limestone is spread all over the city's mountainous areas. According to detection at Huazishan and Xiyuan, the remaining reserves are 44.44 million tons. The total coalbed methane resources are 208 billion cubic meters, and the resources that have reached mining grade are 190.76 billion cubic meters. It is the largest gas field in Weibei. Hancheng is rich in water resources. There are nine main rivers in the territory: Zhishui, Jushui, Bishui, Wenshui, Panhe, Baifan River, Zhuokai River, Yuanyuan River and Yanzhuang River. There are also six tributaries, all belonging to the Yellow River system. The Yellow River flows through the eastern part of the city, with a length of 65 kilometers. Groundwater resources are also extremely abundant. The city’s total water resources are 360 ??million cubic meters, of which the total self-produced water resources are 270 million cubic meters, and the total water resources for customers are 90 million cubic meters. The total available water resources are 250 million cubic meters, with an average of 903 cubic meters per capita and an average of 900 cubic meters per mu. 510 cubic meters. It is a relatively superior area in northern my country. The Yellow River flows for 74 kilometers within the territory, with a total water resource of 360 million cubic meters and an available amount of 250 million cubic meters.

Agriculture

Agricultural production conditions are good. The main crops are wheat, corn, etc., with a grain sowing area of ??420,000 acres and a total output of 166 million kilograms. After years of adjustment of the agricultural industry structure, four leading agricultural industries have been formed: peppers, fruits, vegetables, and livestock. Among them, "Dahongpao" peppercorns are famous both at home and abroad for their large grains, thick skin, fresh color, and strong flavor. With a production scale of tens of millions of plants, the total output reaches 16 million kilograms, accounting for 1/6 of the country's output. The annual output value is nearly 300 million yuan, accounting for 40% of farmers' income, making it the largest pepper production base in the country. In 2000, it was named "Hometown of China's Famous Economic Forest Zanthoxylum bungeanum" by the State Forestry Administration. In 2001, the "Hancheng Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum" certification trademark was successfully registered. Two major pepper distribution markets in Xiyuan and Zhiyang and Chongqing Caiyuanba direct sales market have been built. The apple area has stabilized at 102,000 acres, with a total output of 67,000 tons and an output value of 77.7 million yuan. The agricultural and sideline products processing industry, led by Hancheng Zhonglu Juice Company, has developed rapidly, producing more than 20,000 tons of juice. The vegetable area is 35,000 acres, including 2,350 standardized sunlight greenhouses, and the total vegetable output is 9. 50,000 tons, with an output value of 26.35 million yuan; the animal husbandry industry has developed rapidly, with the city's meat, egg, and milk output reaching 7,540 tons, 3,530 tons, and 610 tons respectively, and the output value of the animal husbandry industry reaching 55.4 million yuan.

In 2004, the output value of the four leading industries accounted for 76% of the total agricultural output value.

Industry

Industrial development started early, forming an industrial production system supported by coal, electricity, coking, metallurgy, building materials, etc. The annual output of raw coal is 5.5 million tons, power generation is 2.7 billion kWh, 4 million tons of coke, 500,000 tons of cement, and 1 million tons of steel. There are large and medium-sized enterprises in the territory such as Hancheng Mining Bureau with an annual output of 4 million tons of raw coal, Hancheng Power Plant with a total installed capacity of 380,000 kilowatts, and Longmen Iron and Steel Group, which is among the top 500 enterprises in China and ranks first in Shaanxi with a production capacity of 3 million tons. , the power generation of a single unit ranks first in the northwest, with a total investment of 13 billion yuan, and the Hancheng No. 2 Power Plant with a total installed capacity of 2.4 million kilowatts. The private economy has developed rapidly, forming a large number of private enterprises such as Huanghe Mining Development Company and Haiyan Coking Company. Opening up to the outside world has further increased, and breakthroughs have been made in attracting investment. The smooth commissioning of projects such as Zhonglu Juice and Black Cat Carbon Black has accelerated the process of agricultural industrialization and industrial modernization. The annual production capacity of carbon black has reached 75,000 tons. , the 1.2 million-ton coke project of Black Cat Coking, ranking first in the northwest and the largest coke enterprise in the province, has started construction, which will surely inject new vitality into the development of Hancheng. At present, the city has basically formed three industrial chains: "coal - electricity", "coal - coke - iron - steel", and "coal - coal tar - carbon black". In 2004, the city's total industrial output value reached 8 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 35%.

Urban Construction

Urban construction is changing with each passing day. In accordance with the construction idea of ??"Jincheng needs to be ancient, and new cities need to be new", in the past 20 years, counties have been removed and cities have been established, while protecting the simple and elegant Jincheng style. At the same time, more than 1 billion yuan was invested to develop and construct a new urban area of ??more than 10 square kilometers. At present, the urban area reaches 59.8 square kilometers and the built-up area is 14.99 square kilometers. In recent years, we have focused on the "three new" education of "new Hancheng, new concepts, and new image" and the "four creations" focusing on creating China's outstanding tourist cities, national civilized cities, national advanced counties and cities for comprehensive environmental improvement, and provincial-level sanitary cities. "The activities have been carried out in depth, the city appearance and environment have been further tidy, urban greening, lighting and beautification have been further strengthened, and the living environment has been greatly improved.

Transportation

Transportation and other infrastructure are increasingly improving. There are 108 National Highway, 304 Provincial Highway, Yanhuang Highway and Yanyu Expressway in the territory. The Xi (An) Tai (Yuan) Railway runs through the country, opening the only direct train from a county-level city in the country to Beijing. Electricity, telecommunications, cable TV and other networks are sound. Communications are developing rapidly. There are more than 90,000 fixed-line phone users. , 92 units per 100 households, and more than 80,000 mobile users.

Economic and social undertakings

Economic and social undertakings have developed rapidly. In 2004, the city's GDP reached 4.26 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22.5%, and local fiscal revenue completed 160 million yuan, the balance of deposits in financial institutions reached 4.61 billion yuan, the per capita income of farmers was 2,045 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 6,501 yuan. In recent years, it has won the honors of national-level counties and cities with high-quality family planning services, national-level advanced counties and cities in civilized village and town construction, national-level dual-support model city, national advanced (county) city in science and technology work, national advanced (county) city in radio and television, and provincial-level health City and other titles. In 2003, its comprehensive economic strength ranked second in the province, and it ranked among the top 100 in the western region in the national county economic basic competitiveness evaluation.

Education

During the reign of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty (827~782 BC), the Marquis of Han governed South Korea (today's Hancheng) and once established a government office. At the beginning of the Warring States Period, Zixia, a disciple of Confucius, came to Korea to teach. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, county schools were established in Hancheng, academies were established, social schools were established, Yi schools were established, and various private schools were spread throughout urban and rural areas, creating a group of feudal literati and officials. Therefore, Hancheng has always been known as "a mellow scholarly tradition" and a "prosperous area for solving problems".

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination was abolished and schools were established. In the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu (1902), the first new school was born. In the thirty-first year (1905), a higher primary school was established. The following year, a center for encouraging students to learn, a center for teaching teachers, and a primary school were established. After that, schools were established one after another. During the Xuantong period (1909~1911), elementary agricultural schools and simple private schools were added, and vocational and adult education began to sprout.

In accordance with the policy of "Chinese learning as the body, Western learning as the application", these schools have changed from individual face-to-face teaching to class teaching, and have opened courses introducing Western civilization.

During the revolution of the Republic of China, Ming Luntang Elementary School for Girls, a single-level normal school and a Class B Sericulture School were created to advocate equal rights for men and women, train new teachers, and cultivate industrial talents. However, due to the influence of feudal tradition, warlords' fighting, social unrest, and people's livelihood, there were only a few students enrolled. Many junior primary schools still taught students to read the "Four Books" and "Five Classics", following the old feudal private schools.

In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), the county junior high school was born. In 1934, the Public Education Center was established and social education gradually developed. In the 25th year (1936), compulsory education was implemented. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, peasant education developed, the number of children enrolled in school increased significantly, and the educational structure and layout became increasingly improved.

In March 1948, after the liberation of Hancheng, the People's Government took over all schools and transformed the old education in accordance with the "national, scientific and popular" new democratic education principles. In 1980, illiteracy-free counties were reached. In 1984, primary education was universalized. In 1989, higher education was developed, and rural education underwent new changes.

Since the reform and opening up, Hancheng’s education has developed vigorously. There are countless primary and secondary schools and early childhood education institutions. Among them, Xinnong Vocational High School was founded in October 1981 and belongs to the vocational secondary school category. Over the years, It has cultivated a large number of technical talents for enterprises; Xiangshan Middle School, a provincial key high school, was founded in 1927 and is famous both inside and outside the province for its first-class education quality; Hancheng City Mining Bureau No. 1 Middle School was handed over to the People's Government by the Mining Bureau in August 2007 and was renamed Xiangshan Middle School. Shan Branch is famous for liberal arts; there are also secondary schools such as Xizhuang Middle School, Sima Qian Middle School, and Sima Qian Vocational College.

Hancheng Dangjia Village

Dangjia Village now belongs to Xizhuang Town, Hancheng City. It mainly has two ethnic groups, Dang and Jia, with 320 households and more than 1,400 people. It has a history of about 670 years.

In the second year of Yuan Zhishun (AD 1331), Dang Shuxuan, the founder of the Dang clan, fled from Chaoyi County in this province and settled here. Shuxuan married a daughter of the Fan family from a neighboring village, and they had four sons. Except for the fourth son Junming, who went to "tuntian" in Hezhou, Gansu Province and did not return, the eldest son Junxian was the eldest son, Junren the second son, and the third son Jun. Righteousness is the three gates. They are all prosperous and have been passed down for 25 generations to this day. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Jia Botong, the founder of the Jia nationality, moved from - to Hancheng, first living in the county town, Jia Village and other places. In his fifth generation, Jia Lian married a girl named Dang and gave birth to his son Jia Zhang. In the fourth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1525), Jia Zhang settled in Dangjia Village as his nephew and uncle, and established a family. They still regard Botong as their ancestor, and their descendants have been passed down to this day for 24 generations. In terms of "generation", the sixth generation named Jia is equivalent to the seventh generation surnamed by the party. They are brothers and remain stable until now.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the two surnames of Dangjia Village and Dangjia were divided into several places to do business in the Tang and Baihe river basins at the junction of Henan and Hubei. Because they can seize the opportunity and manage their business well, they have achieved great success. The Jiaqing, Daoguang, and Xianfeng dynasties were the golden age in the economic history of Dangjia Village. It is said that escorts carrying silver taels to their hometowns came to Dao in an endless stream, and they were known as "a thousand taels of silver came in every day." At the same time, Dangjia Village renovated the old and built new ones, entering a century-long period of building quadrangle courtyards, and built ancestral halls, temples, Wenxing Pavilion and other supporting buildings. In the early years of Xianfeng, the village raised funds to build Biyang Fort, and at the same time, dozens of courtyard houses were built in the fort. So far, Dangjia Village has become famous for its wealth and good housing.

But the reputation of Dangjia Village at home and abroad should first be attributed to the joint efforts of Xi'an Institute of Metallurgical Architecture and Kyushu University in Japan. In 1986, they jointly organized a team to conduct two in-depth and detailed investigations. In 1991, the book "Dangjia Village" written in Japanese by Professor Aoki Masao, the Japanese leader of the delegation, came out. Marking the rediscovery of Dangjia Village. Later, various domestic publications, films and TV broadcasts made special reports one after another, which made Dangjia Village as famous as it is today.

During the three years of natural disasters and the "Cultural Revolution", a considerable number of halls, gates, and theaters in the village were demolished and sold, causing irreparable losses.

Fortunately, during the rural housing construction process brought about by the reform and opening up, Dangjia Village adopted the approach of retaining the ancient appearance of the ancient village and establishing a new village. There are more than 100 existing courtyard houses as well as ancestral halls, Wenxing Pavilion, Jiexiao Monument, and sightseeing. Jialou and Biyang Fort have been protected by the state as rare cultural relics and are open to China and foreign countries.

In April 2021, Hancheng City was rated as the second batch of national "green prevention and control demonstration counties" for crop diseases and pests.

In April 2021, Hancheng City was selected into the first Top 100 Chinese Cultural Cities in 2021.

In January 2021, the Central Civilization Office determined the list of nominated cities for the national civilized cities in the 2021-2023 creation cycle, and Hancheng City was on the list.

In November 2020, the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism determined Hancheng City to be the first batch of Shaanxi Province all-region tourism demonstration areas.

In September 2020, the list of "Top 100 Counties and Cities in Western China 2020" was announced, and Hancheng City was on the list, ranking 26th.

In July 2020, the Ministry of Commerce announced the list of comprehensive demonstration counties for e-commerce in rural areas in 2020, and Hancheng City was selected.

In November 2019, the Ministry of Water Resources announced the second batch of counties (districts) that have met the standards for water-saving society construction, and Hancheng City was on the list.

In October 2019, Hancheng City was selected as one of the top 100 counties and cities with investment potential in the country in 2019, ranking 59th.

In October 2019, Hancheng City was selected as one of the top 100 counties and cities in national scientific and technological innovation in 2019, ranking 93rd.

In March 2019, Hancheng City was included in the first batch of counties and counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics (Shaanxi-Gansu area).

In October 2018, Hancheng City was selected into the 2018 Top 100 Counties and Cities in Western Region, ranking 20th.

In August 2018, Hancheng City won the honor of the fourth batch of advanced units in the national rule of law county and city creation activities.

In June 2017, the Food Safety Office of the State Council awarded Hancheng City a national food safety demonstration city.

In July 2016, Hancheng City won the title of National Double Support Model City (County) in 2016.

In February 2016, Hancheng City was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in the country in 2015.