Yantai has had apples since ancient times. Before the Ming Dynasty, it was called "Nai", and after the Ming Dynasty, it was called "Apple". However, the taste of apples at that time was really unflattering, with soft pulp and little juice, so it was also called cotton apple. The moment Apple rewrote history occurred in the 1870s. According to historical records, in the early 1870s, an orchard appeared on a hillside southeast of Yuhuangding (opposite to today's Beihai Hotel). The owner of the orchard is Pastor Ni Weisi from the United States. When the Neviss returned to Yantai from the United States in 1871, the pastor who loved gardening brought more than a dozen varieties of Western apple saplings from his home state of New York. Did the American couple still taste the fruits of their hometown in a foreign country? It is unknown whether obeying God's will will benefit the world, but it is an indisputable fact that the history of grafting Western apples and local apples began in Yantai and even China. A few years later, around the mid-to-late 1870s, the apple seedlings brought by the Nevis couple produced fruits that were very different from local apples. These apples were large, thin-skinned, juicy, and crispy in the flesh. , sweet and sour. As a result, local people continued to obtain branches of Western apples through various channels and grafted them with local cotton apples. Soon, spectacular apple orchards appeared in the Xishawang and Nanshan areas of Zhifu at that time. At the beginning of the 20th century, Tang Diangong, a young farmer from Shaorikou Village, Fushan County who often went to Yantai to sell agricultural and sideline products. When he passed by the Guangxing Orchard and saw the unique apples in the orchard, he had the idea of ??grafting foreign apples into the orchard. Home Orchard Ideas. Once, when passing an orchard, he cut off a few branches while the gardener was not paying attention. After returning to the village, he grafted them into his own orchard. Three years later, he produced sweet fruits, which became the famous Yantai. Green banana apple. Tang Diangong cut branches from his orchard and gave them to the villagers for grafting and cultivation. Since then, green bananas have multiplied in the Shaorikou Village area and once became the main variety of Yantai apples. The relatively peaceful period from the mid-1920s to the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War was the first heyday of Yantai Apple. According to the "Survey Report on Fruit Tree Horticulture in Yantai, Qingdao, Weihaiwei, Shandong" written in 1939 by Professor Tang Quansheng and technician Wu Ruizhi of the National Peking University College of Agriculture, before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, on the third and eighth days of the lunar calendar, fruit farmers from all over the country would bring fruits (mainly Apples) were picked by people from the producing area and carried by animals to Yantai Qishansuo City for fruit trading. At that time, there were 37 shops and warehouses purchasing fruit on the streets of Yantai. After Yantai apples are concentrated here, they are transported to various parts of the province by land, and then go south and north through the waterway - this ancient maritime "Silk Road", and are resold to Luzon and other places in the Philippines via Hong Kong.

According to the fruit tree resource survey data of Fushan County in 1951: "Before the Anti-Japanese War, there were more than 1.76 million apple trees in Fushan County, with an annual output of more than 7.36 million kilograms." From then on, Yantai apples began to grow Go out of Yantai, go to the whole country, and go to the world. War is a machine that destroys all good achievements. In the following eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, under the trampling of the Japanese invaders, Yantai apples suffered a devastating blow. Taking Fushan County as an example, by 1945, "there were only 5,000 acres of apples left in the county, with 250,000 apple plants." , the total fruit output was only 12.4% of the pre-war total fruit output. "The birth of New China laid a solid foundation for the great development of Yantai apples. Fruit farmers who became land owners replanted in their own orchards. A sapling of hope. In the autumn of 1953, Zhang Chengrui, a fruit farmer and county labor model in Shaorikou Village, Fushan County, achieved a high yield of more than 10,000 kilograms per mu in his 1.83-acre apple orchard. On the day of celebrating the harvest, he and Mr. Chen Peitian, a fruit farmer in the village and a model worker in the county, agreed to each select a box of "green banana" apples and mail them to the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao in Beijing to express the fruit farmers' full support for the party. deep feeling. Subsequently, in the four years of 1958, 1959, 1967, and 1968, Shaorikou sent apples to the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao in the name of the brigade. Each time, the relevant central departments remitted the money in full and stated that gratitude. In 1968, when the Shaorikou brigade received the remittance, it also received a reply from the Party Central Committee: I have received it, please do not send apples again in the future. Maybe the relevant departments have considered that sending them like this all the time is not an option.

Therefore, in 1972, under the personal arrangement of Premier Zhou, starting from this year, Fukuyama apples were implemented as a "special supply" to Beijing and central state agencies. Nowadays, there are countless competitions. In that era when competitions were not yet popular, "special offer" was not a gold medal, but it was better than a gold medal. This is a high honor won by Yantai Apple based on its own quality. The period from the birth of New China to the Cultural Revolution was the second climax of the development of Yantai Apple. Yantai apples have not only reached a new level in terms of area and output, but also won high honors. However, the ensuing "ten years of turmoil" and "taking grain as the key link" as the basic national policy caused the orchard area to decrease sharply and the quality of apples to decline. In the wave of "cutting the tail of capitalism", Yantai apples were once again hit A devastating disaster. Just when our "revolution" was in full swing across the country, and scientific and technological personnel were herded into the "cow shed" and bowed their heads to be criticized, our close neighbor Japan used Kuoguang and red bananas to breed Red Fuji, and the United States also launched the Red Star on the basis of A new apple variety called Snake Fruit was invented and quickly occupied the international market. The nightmare "turmoil" finally ended. With the implementation of the joint production contract responsibility system, Yantai Apple ushered in the third climax in its development history. Fruit farmers who have gained autonomy in land management regard apples as their first cash crop. They have replanted saplings of hope on the contracted land and carefully tended the old fruit trees in the old orchards.

In 1979, Yantai apple exports reached more than 10,000 tons. In the 1980s, new foreign varieties were launched one after another. Japan's Red Fuji and the United States' Snake Fruit competed to occupy the international market. By the mid-1980s, Yantai's apple export volume was only a few hundred tons. Unable to export and with a large domestic backlog, Yantai Apple has once again reached a crossroads of prosperity and decline. During this period, with the promotion of governments at all levels, it took only 7-8 years for Yantai apples to transform from traditional varieties such as green banana, red banana, large Guoguang, and small Guoguang to new varieties such as Red Fuji ( It takes about twenty years to realize this transformation abroad), and fruit farmers with new orchards and new varieties are full of new hope. Yantai: Three million fruit farmers enjoy the "Yantai Apple" trademark for free

In April 2009, at the symposium on the use and management of the Yantai Apple geographical indication certification trademark held in Muping, authoritative sources revealed that this is enough to make Yantai After the surprise news of 3 million fruit farmers, it was emphasized that having a "birth certificate" does not mean that everything will be fine. To achieve Yantai Apple's brand glory again, it needs to improve its management level and enhance its industrial advantages on the basis of strengthening the protection of the region of origin.

“Getting this highly valuable ‘business card’ is just the first step in a long journey of thousands of miles.” said Zhao Peice, president of the Municipal Apple Association. Focusing on how to make good use of the "Yantai Apple" origin certification trademark and make it play a greater role, the Municipal Apple Association decided to provide it to everyone free of charge after more than half a year of deliberation: "All apple producers and operators in the Yantai area, as long as they pass the certification All units that meet the precise management standards of "Yantai Apple" can apply for use. "Yantai Apple" is worth 8.097 billion yuan and has become the number one brand in China's fruit industry.

On December 18, 2009, the 2009 China Agricultural Products Regional Public Brand Value Assessment Results Conference was held in Beijing. At the evaluation results conference announced that day, Shandong Yantai Apple's brand value was 8.097 billion yuan, ranking first in the national agricultural products regional public brand fruit category. Yantai Cherry also ranked tenth in the fruit category with a brand value of 1.819 billion yuan. The 2007 China Apple Annual Conference and Shaanxi Fruit Promotion Conference were held in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province.

Apples are the most produced variety among state fruits in China, and my country is the largest apple producer in the world. Over the years, my country's apple production has increased steadily, and the rate of high-quality fruits has increased significantly. The main producing counties (cities) have vigorously promoted regional layout, specialized production, and industrialized operations, and further improved the level of standardization and scale, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of my country's fruit industry. made a positive contribution. Based on the apple planting area and output provided by the National Bureau of Statistics, based on the weighted average score, the China Fruit Circulation Association decided to award the top 20 counties (cities) the honorary title of "China's Top 20 Apple Counties (Cities)".

Among the “Top 20 Apple Counties (Cities) in China” this time, Yantai ranked third.

According to the "Regulations on the Protection of Products from Regions of Origin", the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine passed the review of the application for product protection from regions of origin of Yantai apples and approved the implementation of the product protection regulations for Yantai apples from August 28, 2002. Product protection by region of origin.

Scope of protection

The scope of the origin of Yantai apples is based on the "Letter on Applying for the Protection of the Origin of Yantai Apples" by the People's Government of Yantai City, Shandong Province (Tobacco Policy Letter [2001] 186 No.) shall prevail, which is the administrative area under the jurisdiction of Yantai City, Shandong Province (Announcement No. 82, 2002).

Production technical requirements

1 Natural environment

This area is located in the eastern part of Shandong Peninsula, bordering the Bohai Sea to the west and north, the Yellow Sea to the east and south, and the territory is mountainous Or hilly, it has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, a mild climate, sufficient sunshine, moderate rainfall, and humid air.

1.1 Temperature

The annual average temperature is 11.8℃, and the annual average frost-free period is 215 days.

1.2 Sunshine

The annual average sunshine hours are 2658.4 hours, the annual average sunshine percentage is 60, and the annual average solar radiation is 5154MJ/m2. During the fruit tree growing season (3 The total radiation amount from January to November) is 4340.6MJ/m2.

1.3 Precipitation

The annual average precipitation is 735mm. Precipitation is concentrated from June to August, with an average precipitation of 443mm, which is a period when the growth and development of Yantai apple fruits requires a large amount of water.

1.4 Soil

Brown loam soil accounts for about 80% of the total land area. The soil is fine and soft, with good tillability and strong water retention. The organic matter content in the soil is about 0.90.

2 Orchard Management

2.1 Soil, Fertilizer and Water Management

2.1.1 Soil and Fertilizer

The land in the orchard is flat and the soil is deep. , the living soil layer is more than 60cm, apply more than 3000kg of harmlessly treated organic fertilizer per mu, and supplement the rest with organic compound fertilizer. Mainly apply base fertilizer in autumn, combined with appropriate top dressing during irrigation during phenological stages such as before flowering, after flowering, and the young fruit expansion period. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is based on every 100kg of apples produced. Apply nitrogen at 1.0~1.2kg and phosphorus pentoxide. It is 0.5~0.75kg and potassium oxide is 1.0~1.2kg. Apply appropriate amounts of trace elements based on tree nutrition diagnosis.

2.1.2 Planting grass in orchards

Plant clover, alfalfa or oat grass between rows to increase soil organic matter.

2.1.3 Moisture

Irrigation technologies such as drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation are used to maintain the relative moisture content of the orchard soil at 60~80. The use of contaminated water is prohibited.

2.2 Flower and fruit management

2.2.1 Re-pruning before flowering

Reprun trees with many flower buds before flowering to adjust the growth of flowers and fruits. The ratio of leaf buds is 1:3~4.

2.2.2 Artificial flower thinning

At the beginning of the inflorescence separation period, select a strong inflorescence at intervals of about 20cm, and thin out all other redundant inflorescences.

2.2.3 Pollination

Bees, Osmia bees and artificial pollination are used during the flowering period.

2.2.4 Fruit thinning

Fruit thinning begins 10 days after flowers fade and ends within one month. Determine the appropriate fruit spacing based on the strength of the tree and the number of fruits set, generally 20 to 25 cm. Select a strong inflorescence with fruit set, leave a central fruit, and remove all excess young fruits.

2.2.5 Fruit bagging

Paper bagging begins 30 to 40 days after the apple flowers fade, and ends in mid-to-late June to early July. The fruit should be thinned and sprayed with fungicide before bagging. Bags are removed 20 to 30 days before fruit harvest.

2.2.6 Picking leaves, turning fruits, and laying reflective film

Immediately after picking bags, lay a reflective film under the crown to enhance the reflected light in the lower layer of the crown and improve the coloration of the fruit. . Cut off all branches and leaves that affect the color of the fruit. After the sunny side of the fruit is colored, turn the fruit so that all the shady side of the fruit is colored.

2.3 Prevention and control of pests and diseases

Pests and diseases should be based on the principle of prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control, and should be prevented and controlled in a timely manner based on predictions and forecasts. It mainly prevents and controls diseases and insect pests such as rot, early defoliation, ring rot, peach heartworm, etc. Pesticides prohibited by the state are not allowed to be used.

2.4 Shaping and pruning

2.4.1 Main tree shape

Free spindle shape: tree height is about 3m, crown diameter 2~3m, main tree shape With 12 to 15 branches, it is suitable for dense planting gardens with a plant spacing of 2 to 3 meters.

Small crown sparse layer shape: tree height is about 3~3.5m, crown diameter 3~4m, 5~7 main branches, oblate crown, suitable for orchards with plant spacing of 3~4m.

2.4.2 Tree structure

The spindle-shaped main branches have an angle of about 80°, and the small-crown sparsely layered main branches have an angle of about 70°. Adopt thinning pruning as the main method and combine slow, thinning and shrinking pruning methods. If the spindle-shaped main branches are too long, they should be pruned in time. During the fruiting period, the number of branches per mu is 70,000 to 80,000, and the light transmittance of the inner branches and leaves is 30.

3 Picking

Harvest at the right time. Handle with care when picking to avoid bruises and punctures.

4 Level specification indicators

See Table 1 for the level specification indicators.

5 Sensory characteristics

It has the typical characteristics of apples from the Bohai Bay area, with large fruit, high fruit shape index, bright color, thin skin, crisp, tender and juicy flesh. , moderately sweet and sour, moderate hardness, fragrant and delicious.

6 Physical and chemical indicators

Executed in accordance with GB/T10651.

7 Hygiene indicators

According to GB/T10651.

8 Test methods

8.1 Grade specifications, physical and chemical indicators, and hygienic indicators

Follow GB/T10651.

8.2 Sensory characteristics

Shape and color are determined by visual inspection. Mouthfeel is determined by tasting.

9 Inspection Rules

9.1 Inspection Batch

Apples from the same production base, the same variety, the same maturity, and the same packaging date are one batch .

9.2 Sampling method

Follow GB/T8855.

9.3 Inspection Classification

9.3.1 Type Inspection

9.3.1.1 Those who have any of the following circumstances should undergo type inspection .

a) In the early stages of harvesting every year;

b) The national quality supervision and management department proposes type inspection requirements.

9.3.1.2 Type inspection is all the requirements specified in this standard.

9.3.1.3 Judgment rules: When the unqualified result rate in the entire batch of samples exceeds 5, it will be judged as unqualified and downgrade or reclassification is allowed. If any of the sensory characteristics and physical and chemical indicators are unqualified, double sampling and re-inspection are allowed. If the product is still unqualified, it will be judged as an unqualified product. If one of the health indicators fails, it will be deemed as a substandard product.

9.3.2 Delivery Inspection

9.3.2.1 Before the delivery of each batch of Yantai Apple products, the production unit should conduct delivery inspection. The product can only be delivered if it passes the delivery inspection and is accompanied by a certificate of conformity.

9.3.2.2 The delivery inspection items are grade specifications, sensory characteristics, packaging, and marking.

9.3.2.3 Judgment rules: When the unqualified fruit rate in the entire batch of samples exceeds 5, the grade specification and sensory characteristics will be judged to be unqualified, and downgrade or reclassification is allowed. If any one of the packaging and markings fails, the delivery inspection will be deemed to have failed.

10 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage

10.1 Marking

The sales and transportation packaging of Yantai apples should be marked with the product mark of the region of origin, and Indicate the product name, variety, grade specifications, place of origin, packaging date, production unit, quantity or net content, implementation standard code, etc.

For products that do not meet this standard, the product name must not contain "Yantai Apple" (including continuous or discontinuous).

10.2 Packaging

Follow GB/T13607.

10.3 Transportation

10.3.1 The transportation means are clean and hygienic and have no peculiar smell. Do not mix with toxic and harmful items.

10.3.2 Handle with care when loading and unloading.

10.3.3 When waiting for transportation, the batches should be separated, stacked neatly, the environment should be clean, and the ventilation should be good. Exposure to the scorching sun and rain is strictly prohibited. Pay attention to anti-freeze and heat protection, and shorten the waiting time for transportation.

10.4 Storage

10.4.1 The refrigeration of Yantai apples shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T8559.

10.4.2 The controlled atmosphere storage of Yantai apples is implemented in accordance with ISO8682.

10.4.3 There is no peculiar smell in the warehouse. Do not store mixed with toxic or harmful items. Preservation reagents and materials that damage the quality of Yantai apples must not be used.