Strawberry is currently cultivated in most countries in the world. The strawberry cultivation area in the United States is 23,000 hectares, with an output of 567,000 tons, accounting for approximately 28% of the world's total output, with an average output of 24.6 tons/hectare. Japan has a cultivation area of ??11,000 hm2 and a yield of 218,000 tons, accounting for 11% of the world's total output. The average yield is 19.3 tons/hectare. Europe is the main strawberry producing area, accounting for about 50% of the world's production. Poland, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Russia, Romania and the United Kingdom have large cultivation areas, and the yield is generally 9.5-18.3 tons/hectare. Our country is the country with the richest wild strawberry resources in the world. It began to utilize wild strawberries very early and continues to this day. The cultivation of large-fruited strawberries in my country began in 1915, but it was not taken seriously in the past and developed slowly. Strawberry production has developed rapidly since the 1980s. China's current strawberry production area is about 70,000 hectares, ranking first in the world. The main production areas are located in eastern coastal areas such as Anhui, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang. In recent years, Sichuan, Anhui, Xinjiang, and Beijing Other areas are also developing rapidly. Key strawberry producing areas include Sihong in Jiangsu, Hefei in Anhui, Dandong in Liaoning, Baoding in Hebei, Yantai in Shandong, suburban Shanghai, Shuangliu in Sichuan, Lianyungang in Jiangsu, etc. Hefei Changfeng County currently has 145,000 acres of strawberry planting area, with an annual output of more than 200,000 tons of strawberries, and a total output value of more than 1 billion yuan. It will expand to more than 200,000 acres by 2012, and has established the only national-level virus-free strawberry technology in the country. garden. Promotion meetings are held every year in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing and Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing, and matchmaking meetings between dealers and strawberry farmers are held in Xinfadi Market in Beijing, Hongqi Market in Tianjin, and Fruit Wholesale Market in Shenyang. Its production scale has grown from the original one in Anhui Province. For the first time, Changfeng strawberry has become the largest strawberry county in the country, and Changfeng strawberry has become a well-known trademark in China. Growth conditions: Strawberries are suitable for planting in sunny, well-water-repellent soil. The soil depth is approximately 8-10 inches. For large strawberries, the row spacing should be 12 inches, and the plant spacing should be about 18 inches. The vines of the plants should be removed in time to facilitate the fruiting of strawberries. Strawberry production is cyclical, so it is best to establish some new plants during the first few years of planting. If you don't like managing strawberries, you can plant strawberries every 18-24 inches so that they can spread everywhere. Of course it will look a bit messy and the strawberries are not big. If you want to avoid this, you can remove some vines appropriately. In autumn, cover the plants with a layer of soil to prevent frost. After the soil has frozen, you can spread 3-4 inches of hay over the plants. In the spring of the second year, when new leaves have grown, remove the hay. After the weather gets warmer and stabilizes, remove the covering soil from the surface of the plants. But leave some hay between the rows to prevent weeds from growing and to retain moisture in the soil. Three-year cycle Strawberry planting has a three-year cycle. Only a few strawberries can be harvested in the first year, and a lot will be harvested in the second year. But in the third year or three years later, the strawberry production will drop significantly, and the plants need to be replaced. Therefore, we should arrange the cultivation of new plants reasonably to ensure that there are always some strawberries growing in the second year every year, so as to obtain the maximum economic benefits. When a strawberry grows well, it will produce a vine, with new plantlets growing at the ends of the vine. When the small plant grows to 3-4 leaves, you can cut it off and plant it in another flower pot. Pay attention to watering. It is best not to let the first-year new plants produce strawberries, just to allow them to grow more leaves. So when you find a new strawberry blooming in a new year, you need to pick the flowers. At the same time, don’t forget to hang a small sign on the plant and write the planting date of the new column to avoid forgetting it in the future. Remove any other excess vines from the new plants. If the strawberries are planted in the yard, pay attention to weeding. When watering, be careful not to get the strawberries wet, because once the strawberries are splashed with water, they will rot easily. Principles of seed introduction ① Virus-free, high-quality, and pure seedlings must be introduced from professional seedling breeding units. Seedlings cannot be purchased blindly to avoid losses. ② It is necessary to select new varieties that have passed identification and been approved and named by the provincial crop variety approval committee. ③Cultivation forms and varieties should be determined according to the purpose of cultivation. Strawberries for introduction and processing should choose varieties with dark red color, high sugar content, high hardness, dense texture, strong storability, and easy to remove sepals, such as Sengala, Hani, Mibao, etc., which are suitable for large-area open field cultivation. .

If you want to introduce fresh strawberries, you should choose varieties with beautiful fruit shapes, strong fruit aroma, large fruit size, and high nutritional content, such as Xingxiang, Kinugan, Camrosa, Zhangji, etc., which are suitable for protected areas to promote cultivation and Semi-stimulated cultivation and suitable for open field cultivation. ④The introduction time should be appropriate. When introducing seeds from the south to the north, strawberry flower buds should be differentiated before they are completed. Generally, planting in Shanghai and Hangzhou is in early October; in Shenyang and the area north of Shenyang, it is best to plant in early August; in the old Yellow River area and the Guanzhong area of ??Shaanxi Province, it is best to plant in late August to early September; in Hebei, Shandong and southern Liaoning areas, Planted in early August. ⑤ When cultivating and introducing strawberry seedlings, you must choose high-quality and high-quality seedlings. Standards for high-quality seedlings: The plant is complete and free of diseases and insect pests, has more than 4-5 normally developed leaves, a stem diameter of 0.8-1 cm, short and thick petioles, a well-developed root system with many new roots, and a fresh weight of a single plant of about 30 grams. ⑥ When introducing seeds, it is necessary to prevent the invasion and spread of pests and diseases. The agricultural departments at or above the county level must undergo quarantine to confirm that there are no pests and diseases before introduction. ⑦ When introducing species, you should also pay attention to whether there are synonyms of the same species. For example, Virginia and Dukla, Dashelect and New Century No. 1, Kinugan and Japan No. 2, Spring Star and Stoneberry No. 3 all have the same species and synonyms. General planting Strawberries are grown in small quantities. Strawberries are planted in small quantities 1. Strawberries are suitable for planting in soil with sufficient sunshine and good hydrophobicity. The soil depth is approximately 8-10 inches. 2. For large strawberries, the row spacing should be 12 inches, and the plant spacing should be about 18 inches. The vines of the plants should be removed in time to facilitate the fruiting of strawberries. Strawberry production is cyclical, so it is best to establish some new plants during the first few years of planting. 3. If you don’t like managing strawberries, you can plant strawberries every 18-24 inches so that they can spread everywhere. Of course it will look a bit messy and the strawberries are not big. If you want to avoid this, you can remove some vines appropriately. 4. In autumn, cover the plants with a layer of soil to prevent frost. After the soil has frozen, you can spread 3-4 inches of hay over the plants. In the spring of the second year, when new leaves have grown, remove the hay. After the weather gets warmer and stabilizes, remove the covering soil from the surface of the plants. But leave some hay between the rows to prevent weeds from growing and to retain moisture in the soil. Greenhouse cultivation Greenhouse cultivation has the characteristics of low investment, quick results, high yield, and good benefits. The yield per mu of land is 1,500 kilograms, which is more than twice that of the open field; the output value is more than 10 times higher than that of the open field. In order to extend the supply period of strawberries and meet the demand for annual supply, four cultivation forms are currently commonly used: (1) promotion cultivation (ripened and marketed in late autumn and early winter from November to December); (2) semi-promotion cultivation (from February to March) (mid-mature market); (3) Super promotion cultivation; (4) Suppression cultivation. Although there are many advantages to using greenhouses for production, there are also shortcomings due to the high temperature and humidity in the greenhouses. It is easy to create extremely favorable environmental conditions for the occurrence of pests and diseases. It is particularly important to strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases, "treat them early, treat them small, and cure them", and have become a key link in achieving high and stable strawberry yields in greenhouses. 1. Preparation of propagation seedling land 1. Choose a paddy field with convenient drainage and irrigation, which is not easy to accumulate water and has high fertility, or vegetable garden soil (soil that has been used on crops and luhuanglong herbicide before). Apply enough base fertilizer (cake fertilizer, household manure, human excrement, phosphate fertilizer) after it is decomposed and spread it. At the same time, use one pound of 50% phoxim or three pounds of 3% carbofuran per mu, mix it with 25 pounds of fine soil, spread it, and turn the soil Make borders. The border is 1.5-1.8 meters wide and has a turtle-back shape to prevent water accumulation and loose soil. 2. Selection and planting of each plant. Select new leaves that are developing normally, with symmetrical leaflets, dark green leaves, thick petioles, large leaves, strong growth, and good yield. Remove diseased leaves and old leaves. In our city, the breeding grounds are generally planted in April in the Gregorian calendar (the daily average temperature is above 12°C). Two rows are planted in each border, 30 cm away from the edge of the border, and the spacing between plants is 60-80 cm. After planting, water immediately to set the stems. 3. Fertilizer and water management. The principle of fertilizing the seedling land is: suitable nitrogen, heavy phosphorus and potassium. Use 200 kilograms of decomposed vegetable cake per mu plus 7-8 kilograms of urea, 50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, and 10 kilograms of potassium fertilizer. After dissolving in water, add it every 20 Water once a day. Human feces and urine can also be substituted. 4. After each plant survives (one week later), spray gibberellin (92O), that is, add 40-50 pounds of water to each gram of "92O" (92O is first washed with high-concentration white wine) Dissolve in the bowl) spray. Spray twice, one week to 10 days apart. Strictly control the application of nitrogen fertilizer in August and allow it to be properly dry, but do not overdo it. 2. Preparation and specifications of timely transplanting and transplanting land 1. Field preparation: Choose a field or soil that is fertile and easy to drain and water for field use.

Strawberries require a large amount of fertilizer, and there is generally less fertilization in the later period (fruit picking period), so the base fertilizer should be sufficient and mainly organic fertilizer. Generally, 1500kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 50kg of cake fertilizer, and 25-30kg of compound fertilizer , 7.5kg of urea, 40kg of supercalcium, and 10kg of potassium fertilizer. Except for urea and compound fertilizer, mix the other fertilizers evenly and decompose them, then mix them with urea and compound fertilizer and spread them on the soil surface, and then turn the soil to make ridges. Generally, the ridge height is 25-30cm, the ridge bottom width is 90cm, and the ridge surface is 60cm. The width of the ridge and furrow is 30 cm, and the width of the ridge and furrow is about 100-120 cm. There is a certain slope from the ridge surface to the furrow bottom. 2. Planting period and method: Cultivation is usually transplanted from the end of September to the beginning of October. The planting density and seedling condition, soil fertility and thinness should be treated separately. Strong seedlings, dry seedlings and soil fertility should be planted sparsely. On the contrary, it should be planted closely. Generally, 7-9 thousand plants are planted per acre. After the ridges are planted, plant them 5 cm inward from the edge of the ridges, with a plant-to-plant spacing of 12-15 cm. The ridge length generally does not exceed 30 meters. Things that should be paid attention to when transplanting: First, directional transplanting: with the back facing outward, it is beneficial to extract the inflorescence later. The second is planting in double rows of triangles (pin-shaped), which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission for rooting. The third is to grasp the depth so that the roots are not exposed below and the seedling core is not buried above, which is conducive to tillering. Fourth, transplanting with soil is beneficial to survival. Fifth, plant in the afternoon on sunny days, and plant all day on cloudy days. Sixth, strengthen water and fertilizer management. Water the root thoroughly immediately after planting. When watering, you can add thiophanate methyl at 800 times the solution. Seventh, timely check and replenish the seedlings. 3. Field management 1. Pre-winter management, from the time of successful establishment to mid-to-late November, three points should be paid attention to: first, apply thin fertilizer frequently, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, preferably dilute manure; second, keep it moist; third, Weed, loosen the soil and pick old and diseased leaves. 2. Management before and after flowering: Spray Cai Guo Zhuang Di Ling in time before flowering, during the young fruit stage, and during the fruit expansion stage to increase the strawberry cycle fruit setting rate and promote fruit development. At the same time, use thiophanate, sulfurin, dimethoate, etc. to prevent and control pests and diseases. 3. Management during the overwintering period: Before the cold winter comes, water thoroughly to prevent cold. 4. Timely covering with film can double the yield, reduce fruit loss and prevent pollution. Membrane is divided into greenhouse cover film and mulch film. The film covering time should be controlled when the daily average temperature drops to about 8℃, and the film covering time should be started. Cover the greenhouse film first, then cover it with mulch film. Before covering with film, weeding, cultivating, fertilizing, and controlling pests and diseases must be carried out. After covering the film, the temperature in the shed should be kept at 8°C at night and around 20°C during the day. The film should be lifted at noon on sunny days and re-filmed at 3 p.m. If the temperature is too high, the pollen will die; if the temperature is too low, the pollen activity will not be enough, making it difficult to pollinate.