1945 Tongtai Rubber Factory was renamed as "Tongtai Rubber Factory", which not only produces bicycle tires, but also handcart tires. After the liberation of Qingdao, Tongtai Rubber Factory was merged into Qingdao Bicycle Factory and moved to No.72 Liaoning Road.
In order to expand the bicycle production capacity and meet the market demand,10.5, 1954+65438 was approved by the Qingdao Municipal People's Government to establish the state-owned Qingdao Bicycle Factory, located at No.83 Tieshan Road, with an area of 32 18 square meters and a construction area of 4043 square meters, with an investment of 420,000 yuan and 74 employees. Its production and operation are mainly based on processing and ordering from two joint ventures and organizing vehicle assembly. The newly established state-owned Qingdao Bicycle Factory not only pays close attention to its own production and construction, but also assists the Qingdao Municipal People's Government in socialist transformation of private bicycle production enterprises.
At this time, Qingdao's bicycle industry and Shenyang, Tianjin and Shanghai's bicycle industry are listed as the four major bicycle industries in China. In June, Qingdao Municipal Government approved Taitung Railway Factory to take the lead in implementing public-private partnership in the private bicycle industry. In September, Tongtai, Puhua, Shunchang and Zhenhua respectively implemented public-private partnerships, all of which were under the jurisdiction of the state-owned Qingdao Bicycle Factory. In that year, Qingdao's bicycle output exceeded 10,000, reaching 10789. 1in June, 1955, three private enterprises, such as Huachang/kloc-0, realized public-private partnership. The establishment of the state-owned Qingdao Bicycle Factory and the public-private partnership of private bicycle enterprises laid the foundation for the Qingdao Bicycle Industry Alliance.
At this time, the raw materials needed for the production of Qingdao bicycle industry are supplied by the state plan, and its products are also underwritten by the state. 1955, Qingdao bicycle industry produced 10943 bicycles, and the output value of spare parts reached 486120,000 yuan. From 1954 to 1955, the bicycle cost decreased from136.1yuan before the joint venture to 107.44 yuan, and the production efficiency increased by 30% on average. 1956, the state-owned Qingdao Bicycle Factory and 18 public-private joint-venture factory merged to form a public-private joint-venture Qingdao Bicycle Factory, which belongs to Qingdao Heavy Industry Bureau and is located at No.29, Cao Xian Road, covering an area of 35,202 square meters, with a construction area of 29,272 square meters, fixed assets of 2.244 million yuan and working capital of12.98 million yuan.
In that year, another 30 private bicycle factories realized public-private partnership and merged into the public-private partnership Qingdao Bicycle Factory. By the end of the year, Qingdao's bicycle industry has all implemented large-scale joint ventures. At the same time, in terms of profit distribution, it has also changed from the past "four horses sharing fertilizer" to paying a certain fixed interest according to the proportion of private parties in total assets. Since then, the production of Qingdao bicycle industry has all been brought into the track of national plan. Since 1959, bicycle saddles, chains and bells produced in Qingdao have entered the international market one after another. From 1954 to 1960, Qingdao bicycle industry has successively produced "national defense" brand ordinary bicycles and "dawn" brand mini bicycles on the basis of "national defense" brand heavy bicycles and "Qingdao" brand ordinary bicycles. Since then, heavy-duty bicycles with "Hongqi" brand foot brakes have been produced, as well as ordinary bicycles for men and women with "Hongqi" brand foot brakes and "Shuguang" brand middle-axle variable-speed bicycles.
And mass-produced mother-infant three-purpose bicycles, motor tricycles, motor bicycles, and stepless speed-changing pedal vehicles. 1960, in the national bicycle quality appraisal, the "Red Flag" brand bicycle produced in Qingdao got the highest score. 196 1 year, Qingdao Bicycle Factory, a public-private partnership, was renamed as Shandong Qingdao Bicycle Factory, which was affiliated to Shandong Light Industry Department. From 65438 to 0964, Shandong Qingdao Bicycle Factory began to develop and produce Jin Lu brand bicycles, with various types of foot brakes, heavy and light, and gradually formed a series of products. Its products are divided into three models: ZA4 1, ZA42 and ZA43. The main features are "three big cranes" (big flywheel, big toothed disc, big buckle chain and hanging spring saddle). In addition, the center distance between the front and rear wheels of heavy vehicles is long, the front fork has a large slope, and it is equipped with a safety fork and a large shelf. A bicycle with a rim diameter of 7 10 mm for ordinary brake, expansion brake and ordinary brake is a national standard bicycle with a rim diameter of 660 ~ 711mm. Portable brake is divided into QZ and QF (women's), foot brake, expansion brake and ordinary brake. The diameter of the rim is 660mm. Followed by 508 mm (20? ) and 406.4 mm (16? ) small series of bicycle products. Especially QF26 Kun car, because of its reasonable structure and beautiful shape, sells well in the market. During the period of 1966, the Ministry of Chemical Industry inspected the painted parts of four brands of bicycles, namely "Phoenix", "Permanent", "Flying Pigeon" and "National Defense", and confirmed that the painted parts of "National Defense" bicycles were better than those of "Lanling" bicycles made in Britain, ranking first. "Jin Lu" brand PA4 1 bicycles exported 500,000 vehicles that year. During the period of 1967, Shandong Qingdao Bicycle Factory was changed from a public-private partnership to a state-owned one. Due to the influence of the "Cultural Revolution", its production was destroyed and its export business was forced to be interrupted.
1970 1 In July, Shandong Qingdao Bicycle Factory was transferred from Shandong Provincial Light Industry Department to Qingdao Light Industry Bureau. In the early 1970s, in order to expand the production capacity of Qingdao bicycle industry, the production of spare parts was rolled out on a large scale. The main manufacturers only keep the production of main parts, and most common parts are produced by district-run enterprises. From 1975 to 1980, Qingdao bicycle industry participated in the "three big pieces" campaign and upgraded its equipment in order to expand its production capacity. The equipment of the professional production plant reaches 1 162 sets, the total capacity of power machinery reaches 28268 kW, and the steam evaporation of the boiler reaches 30.55 tons/hour. Among them, 80% of the equipment is made by workers through self-reliance and innovation. 1979 Qingdao's bicycle industry rectified its export, 1700 QE78 and XM76 bicycles were sold to southeast Asia.
The establishment of Qingdao Industrial Bicycle Company from 65438 to 0980 is not only an economic entity, but also a function of managing the bicycle industry in the whole city. At that time, Shandong Province and Qingdao gave great support to the bicycle industry in many aspects, such as capital and raw materials, and raised 209 1 10,000 yuan for the renovation of bicycle production equipment and infrastructure construction, so that the annual production capacity of bicycles reached 750,000, and the total industrial output value exceeded 1 100 million yuan. At the same time, Qingdao bicycle industry ended the history that all products were exclusively sold by state-owned merchants, and enterprises began to have the right to sell some products by themselves, and gradually established an internal sales mechanism and market sales network, constantly expanding sales channels, and successively established hundreds of sales service outlets in major cities and regions across the country. Enterprises began to take the market as the center and embarked on the production and operation mode of "fixing production by sales" and "promoting production by sales". At this time, enterprises pay more and more attention to the work of earning foreign exchange through export. To 1985, the foreign exchange earned by Qingdao bicycle industry 1326300 USD. 198 1 year, Qingdao Bicycle Industry Company adjusted the production structure of Qingdao Bicycle Factory and various parts manufacturers to form a new consortium, making the production structure more reasonable. 1983 Qingdao bicycle production capacity exceeded 1 10,000 vehicles. 1984, the Shandong provincial government decided to take Qingdao Bicycle Industry Company as the leading enterprise, and set up Shandong Qingdao Bicycle Joint Company in conjunction with three complete bicycle manufacturers and 10 bicycle parts manufacturers in Shandong Province. One organization has two functions, which not only organizes production and operation, but also manages the bicycle industry in the whole province. From 65438 to 0985, the production equipment of Qingdao bicycle industry increased to 25 1 1 set. Among them, there are 0/8 sets of semi-automatic control equipment/kloc-0, 40 professional production lines, with a total power of 32,624 watts, forming an annual production capacity of10.5 million bicycles. After 1985, in order to meet the market demand as soon as possible, Qingdao bicycle industry listed product structure adjustment as the main task of production and operation, and not only developed BMX series bicycles which are popular all over the world, but also developed 406.4 mm (16? ) and 304.8 mm (12? Scooter, 609.6 mm (24? ) light vehicle, 685.8 mm (27? ) sports car, unicycle, bmx sports car, 660.4 mm (26? ) More than 50 new varieties such as five-speed bicycles. Rapid production of 609.6 mm (24? ) portable car, BMX406.4 mm (16? )，BMX508 mm (20？ ) sports car and 533.4 mm (2 1? ) variable speed bicycles, etc. Among them, BMX reached the international advanced level and won the 1988 Silver Award for New Products of the Ministry of Light Industry. By the end of 1986, Qingdao bicycle industry had set up some factories, such as belt steel mill, big flywheel factory, baking paint factory, electroplating factory, light frame factory, automobile factory, mechanical power factory, tooling factory, parts factory, chain factory, saddle factory and so on. , respectively, to undertake bicycle parts manufacturing and vehicle installation, so that bicycle production capacity has taken a step forward.
From 65438 to 0987, the Shandong provincial government decided to entrust Shandong Qingdao Bicycle Union Company to Qingdao for management, and no longer assumed the management function of the bicycle industry in the whole province. In May, the joint company signed a letter of intent with BTB Company of the Federal Republic of Germany to produce variable-speed bicycles by way of compensation trade, and sent a delegation to Heideman Bicycle Company of the Federal Republic of Germany to inspect its production and market situation on September 30th. 165438+ 10 The joint company was revoked and the name of Qingdao Bicycle Industry Company was restored. 1988 65438+ 10, Qingdao Bicycle Industry Company and Heideman Bicycle Company of the Federal Republic of Germany reached an agreement to produce "Heideman" brand bicycles and signed a formal contract. From 1986 to 1988, Qingdao Bicycle Industry Company invested 26.334 million yuan, which was mainly used for equipment filling and technical transformation, and introduced some advanced foreign equipment, further improving the mechanization and automation production capacity of bicycle production. 1988, Qingdao Bicycle Factory * * has 2725 sets of equipment and 48 professional production lines. In that year, with the approval of relevant departments, Qingdao Bicycle Import and Export Company was established to strengthen the import and export business. From 1954 to 1988, 87,228 bicycles and a large number of bells, chains, car seats, foot brakes and other parts in Qingdao were sold to more than 30 countries and regions such as the United States, Britain and Italy. The accumulated foreign exchange earned by the industry is US$ 865,438+095,600, only US$ 65,438+0988, which is the highest year of foreign exchange earning. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Qingdao's bicycle production entered the peak period of bicycle production at an increasing rate of 78.5% every year, with the highest annual output reaching1342461(1988). From 1978 to 1988, a total of various types of bicycles were produced 1 14692, with a profit and tax of 37 1233000 yuan, more than 2.5 times of the total output in the previous 24 years, respectively, and a profit and tax of 65438.
Jin Lu bicycle picture: